The document discusses the legislature, which is the supreme law-making authority composed of groups of people with the power to make or change laws. In Pakistan, the bicameral federal legislature consists of the Senate as the upper house and the National Assembly as the lower house. The document outlines the evolution of legislatures from early societies with no concept of separate law-making bodies to modern times where they perform functions like legislation, administrative control over finances and the executive, limited judicial powers, and selective functions like elections.

2. The legislature
Presented by
Bibi sumaira

3. Introduction
Legislature
• The supreme law
making authority
• A group of people with
the power to make or
change laws.

4. • In pakistan It is a
bicameral federal
legislature that consists
of the Senate as upper
house and the National
Assembly, as lower
houses. According to
the constitution of
Islamic Republic of
Pakistan.

5. Evolution
• In the early societies no concept of legislature
• With the advancement of human civilization need
arose to settle the affairs through legislation.
• No independent institution was established for
enactment of laws
• The supreme law making authority was the ruler
• Later separate institution was established

6. Functions of legislature
Modern legislatures have to perform a variety of
functions depending on the nature of political system
and enact laws according to the needs of
circumstances.
• Legislation
The primary function of legislature is to enact new laws
and make alteration in the previous ones according to
the requirements of changing circumstances

7. Administrative control
• All modern legislatures perform administrative
functions as well.
• In some parliamentary system executive is the part of
legislature and control the cabinet
• parliamentarians exercise control through criticising
the administrative policies,asking questions from the
ministers and passing vote of no- confidence against
the government

8. Control over finance
• To make their control
effective provide
relevent information,the
annual report regarding
income and expenditure
of the previous
year,prepared by
comptroller and auditor
general is presented on
the floor of the
legislature

9. • Judicial powers
• Modern legislatures
have judicial powers as
well
• American congress can
bring revolutionary
changes in the
organisation of the
federal courts through
its power of legislation.

10. • Selective functions
• Modren legislatures perform some selective and
elective functions
• In America presidential and vice-presidential
elections
• if no candidate gets a clear majority of the total votes
cast, the house of representatives and the senate elect
any one person as the president and vice-president
amongst the candidates who have attained maximum
number of votes

11. • In Pakistan and India
the parliment and the
provincial Assemblies
jointly elect the
president.

12. Thank You
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