Political Communication: Introduction
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Political communication is crucial for building a society where the state and people feel connected. It helps political actors gain legitimacy and compliance from citizens. Political communication is a highly complex environment involving many actors and audiences. It mirrors aspects of corporate communication but also differs in its context and purposes related to democracy. Effective political communication models include two-way feedback between representatives and citizens to facilitate decision making that serves societal interests.
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Political Communication.pptx
Political communication involves how information spreads and influences politics. It is concerned with the effects of language and symbols used by leaders, media, and citizens on political cognitions, attitudes, and behaviors. Recent trends include the commercialization and fragmentation of media, increased globalization and interactivity, and the rise of social networks and digital tools in the political sphere. Research methods are evolving to study political communication online and cross-culturally.
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Knowledge Gap Hypothesis:
Introduction:
This theory is concerned mainly with “information” and “knowledge” and emphasizes that knowledge is not distributed equally throughout society.
There are haves and have-nots with regard to information just as material wealth Information is very important in our society because any developed country depends on well-informed citizens.
It appears certain that information will be even more important in the future as we move into an increasingly technological age.
Many contemporary issues will require information and an informed public for the solutions for such issues.
Role of mass communication:
* One of the great promises of mass communication is that it provides people with information they need.
* It has the potential of reaching people who have not been reached by other means (poor and undeveloped people).
One example of an effort to use mass communication to provide information to the disadvantaged is the “educational TV program” Sesame Street (which combined information with entertainment for preschool Children.).
Other mass communication efforts that have the advantage of getting information to people usually not reached
is the televised presidential debates that might take the presidential election campaigns to people who would not normally be exposed to the campaign.
The attempts to increase people’s quantities of information from mass media might have some unexpected or undesirable effects.
This undesirable possibility is that mass communication might actually have the effect of increasing the gap in knowledge between members of different social classes. This possibility is called: “ Knowledge gap Hypothesis”.
The authors of Knowledge Gap Hypothesis:
• § The Knowledge Gap Hypothesis was first proposed in 1970 by Tichenor, Donohue and OLien. Mostly, it is known as Tichenor et al or Tichenor and his colleagues’ hypothesis.
Tichenor et al . Stated the KG Hypothesis as follow:
“As the infusion of mass media information into a social system increases, segments of the population with higher socio-economic status tend to acquire this information at a faster rate than the lower status segments, so that the gap in knowledge between these two segments tend to increase rather than decrease”.
The hypothesis predicts that:
• § People of both high and low socioeconomic status will gain in knowledge because of the additional information, but that persons of higher socioeconomic status will gain more.
• § This would mean that the relative gap in knowledge between the well-to-do and less well-off would increase.
Tichenor and his colleagues suggest that:
The K. G. is particularly likely to occur in such areas of general interest as public affairs and science news. It is less likely to occur in more specific areas that are related to people’s particular interests-areas like sports or garden care.
Media hegemony power point
1) Media plays an important role in shaping public opinion and the dominant elite class uses media institutions to exert control over society.
2) The concept of media hegemony refers to the dominance or control of one group over another through media. Western countries have historically used mass media to disseminate information that promotes their ideological dominance over other parts of the world.
3) After 9/11, American media heavily promoted the narrative that Muslims were responsible for the attacks and used films, cartoons, and news coverage to portray Muslims negatively and justify military actions in Iraq and Afghanistan.
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According to cultivation theory, heavy television viewers are more likely to perceive social reality as portrayed on television. The theory proposes that extensive television exposure can influence viewers' beliefs about the world, such as exaggerating the prevalence of violence and danger. Cultivation analysis examines the long-term effects of repetitive television content on viewers' conceptions of social reality.
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The Knowledge Gap Hypothesis proposes that as the mass media disseminates information to a social system, those with higher socioeconomic status will acquire and understand the information faster and more thoroughly than those with lower socioeconomic status, widening the gap in knowledge between the two groups. The hypothesis was first proposed in 1970 and suggests this gap is more likely to occur on topics of general interest covered by mass media, like public affairs and science, rather than more specialized topics. Factors that can contribute to the knowledge gap include differences in communication skills, previous knowledge, social contacts, and how the mass media system is oriented.
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The Spiral of Silence theory, proposed by Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann, explains that people are less likely to express opinions that are in the minority for fear of isolation. They have a sense of the prevailing public opinion and remain silent if their views diverge from the majority to avoid social isolation and reprisal. Over time, as minority opinions are suppressed, the majority view dominates public discourse in a "spiral" effect.
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Knowledge Gap Hypothesis:
Introduction:
This theory is concerned mainly with “information” and “knowledge” and emphasizes that knowledge is not distributed equally throughout society.
There are haves and have-nots with regard to information just as material wealth Information is very important in our society because any developed country depends on well-informed citizens.
It appears certain that information will be even more important in the future as we move into an increasingly technological age.
Many contemporary issues will require information and an informed public for the solutions for such issues.
Role of mass communication:
* One of the great promises of mass communication is that it provides people with information they need.
* It has the potential of reaching people who have not been reached by other means (poor and undeveloped people).
One example of an effort to use mass communication to provide information to the disadvantaged is the “educational TV program” Sesame Street (which combined information with entertainment for preschool Children.).
Other mass communication efforts that have the advantage of getting information to people usually not reached
is the televised presidential debates that might take the presidential election campaigns to people who would not normally be exposed to the campaign.
The attempts to increase people’s quantities of information from mass media might have some unexpected or undesirable effects.
This undesirable possibility is that mass communication might actually have the effect of increasing the gap in knowledge between members of different social classes. This possibility is called: “ Knowledge gap Hypothesis”.
The authors of Knowledge Gap Hypothesis:
• § The Knowledge Gap Hypothesis was first proposed in 1970 by Tichenor, Donohue and OLien. Mostly, it is known as Tichenor et al or Tichenor and his colleagues’ hypothesis.
Tichenor et al . Stated the KG Hypothesis as follow:
“As the infusion of mass media information into a social system increases, segments of the population with higher socio-economic status tend to acquire this information at a faster rate than the lower status segments, so that the gap in knowledge between these two segments tend to increase rather than decrease”.
The hypothesis predicts that:
• § People of both high and low socioeconomic status will gain in knowledge because of the additional information, but that persons of higher socioeconomic status will gain more.
• § This would mean that the relative gap in knowledge between the well-to-do and less well-off would increase.
Tichenor and his colleagues suggest that:
The K. G. is particularly likely to occur in such areas of general interest as public affairs and science news. It is less likely to occur in more specific areas that are related to people’s particular interests-areas like sports or garden care.
Media hegemony power point
1) Media plays an important role in shaping public opinion and the dominant elite class uses media institutions to exert control over society.
2) The concept of media hegemony refers to the dominance or control of one group over another through media. Western countries have historically used mass media to disseminate information that promotes their ideological dominance over other parts of the world.
3) After 9/11, American media heavily promoted the narrative that Muslims were responsible for the attacks and used films, cartoons, and news coverage to portray Muslims negatively and justify military actions in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Cultivation theory
According to cultivation theory, heavy television viewers are more likely to perceive social reality as portrayed on television. The theory proposes that extensive television exposure can influence viewers' beliefs about the world, such as exaggerating the prevalence of violence and danger. Cultivation analysis examines the long-term effects of repetitive television content on viewers' conceptions of social reality.
Knowledge gap theory
The Knowledge Gap Hypothesis proposes that as the mass media disseminates information to a social system, those with higher socioeconomic status will acquire and understand the information faster and more thoroughly than those with lower socioeconomic status, widening the gap in knowledge between the two groups. The hypothesis was first proposed in 1970 and suggests this gap is more likely to occur on topics of general interest covered by mass media, like public affairs and science, rather than more specialized topics. Factors that can contribute to the knowledge gap include differences in communication skills, previous knowledge, social contacts, and how the mass media system is oriented.
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Political communication is crucial for building a society where the state and people feel connected. It helps political actors gain legitimacy and compliance from citizens. Political communication is a highly complex environment involving many actors and audiences. It mirrors aspects of corporate communication but also differs in its context and purposes related to democracy. Effective political communication models include two-way feedback between representatives and citizens to facilitate decision making that serves the public interest.
Functions of mass communication
Mass communication and mass media serve several important functions: to inform, educate, entertain, and help form public opinions. They disseminate information about current events to audiences, provide education on various topics, entertain for leisure time, and influence opinions through different leaders and discussions. Additionally, mass media can help with national development by increasing awareness, transmitting societal values, interpreting events, and mobilizing public support.
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The document discusses the propaganda model proposed by Herman and Chomsky. It outlines the 5 filters of the model: ownership, advertising, sourcing, flak, and anti-communist ideology. These filters shape the type of information and narratives that are presented by the mass media. The document also provides historical examples of propaganda, including Walt Disney's propaganda films during WWII which featured characters like Donald Duck delivering anti-Nazi messages.
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The document discusses various topics related to political communication including defining political communication, political coverage, and whether news reflects reality. It defines political communication as the process by which information spreads and influences politics through leaders, media and citizens. Political coverage focuses on the president, political parties, elections and gaffes. While news is meant to report society faithfully, in reality news does not reflect all of reality due to gatekeeping, agenda-setting and framing effects. Social media has become an important tool for political engagement and influencing elections.
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Wwi propaganda
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A book at the cinema roberta martino
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This document provides instructions for students to create a political propaganda poster. It defines propaganda and outlines four common propaganda techniques: assertion, bandwagon, transfer, and name calling. Students are tasked with choosing one of these techniques to incorporate into a poster that promotes or criticizes a political party or politician. The poster must include an eye-catching image and direct wording revealing its purpose and propaganda approach. Additionally, students must explain the poster's meaning and identified technique in a written paragraph.
Data Science: Case "Political Communication 1/2"
Data Science: Case "Political Communication 1/2"Department of Communication Science, University of Amsterdam
This document introduces the topic of studying social media in political communication. It discusses how social media may contribute to selective exposure, fragmentation, and polarization due to people selectively exposing themselves to ideologically congruent content. It also examines how politicians are using social media to directly communicate with citizens. The case study aims to leverage computational social science methods and large-scale data analysis to provide new insights into these topics. Students will work on a project analyzing political content on social media over the course of the case study.Propaganda in a political campaign
Propaganda is used by candidates to increase their chances of wining and to a wider range of constituents.
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This document provides an overview of several theories of political communication, including:
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Pengantar Komunikasi Politik
1) Political communication involves the exchange of symbols and messages between political actors, institutions, the public, and news media that have consequences for the political system.
2) It concerns transactions that occur among citizens, between citizens and their governments, and among officials within governments.
3) Early studies of political communication began with Plato and Aristotle and continued through the 20th century with focus on propaganda, media effects, agenda-setting, and diffusion of news events.
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- 1. What is….. Political Communication???
- 6. It is not all about distortion It is far more than spin And anyway what do we really mean by the term spin ?
- 7. It is not all about distortion It is far more than spin And anyway what do we really mean by the term spin ? Who’s this guy? And why is he relevant?