This document discusses the hope and promise of political communication in the 21st century. It analyzes the Clinton model of political communication and assesses the current state of political discourse. Key themes that can guide the evaluation of political communication are identified, including context, effects, ethics, civic virtue, progress, and hope. A "rhetorical" politics recognizes that political issues are complex with no clear answers, and that both policy and leadership qualities are important factors in political judgments.
This document summarizes the field of political communication. It outlines the history and development of political communication as an area of study from Aristotle to modern times. It then reviews contemporary scholarship in political communication, including prominent journals, topics studied like new media, presidential rhetoric, and public deliberation. Themes, theories, concepts, methods, and theorists in political communication research are also summarized.
This document discusses key questions about the study and teaching of political communication. It examines what constitutes political communication, who is studied, when and where it occurs, how it is studied, and why it is studied. It argues that the field could broaden its focus beyond U.S. presidential rhetoric and elections to study other levels of government, international contexts, and historical periods. It also calls for more attention to context, ethics, civic virtue, and progress in the study and teaching of political communication.
Political communication is crucial for building a society where the state and people feel connected. It helps political actors gain legitimacy and compliance from citizens. Political communication is a highly complex environment involving many actors and audiences. It mirrors aspects of corporate communication but also differs in its context and purposes related to democracy. Effective political communication models include two-way feedback between representatives and citizens to facilitate decision making that serves the public interest.
American Foreign Policy under Donald TrumpNevila Mullaj
The dissertation ascertains that United States of America represent an interesting case where national identity is interconnected with foreign policy. The theoretical conceptualization is developed on basis of post-structuralism. The methodology is focused on discourse analysis, analysis of speeches, twitter and official data reports constitute primary and secondary data sources. The thesis shows that identity and foreign policy are interconnected. The role of national identity is extremely powerful in highlighting a hegemonic position. The American Psyche is essentially present in every American presidency, whereas the power of the discourse, the “otherness” and the key representation of danger and threat revived the national security and defense strategies. Concluding, the language and significance used in official speeches of Donald Trump, document the American hegemony to be unquestionable. Lastly, the projection of the national identity in case of the USA remains very strong and coherently reflected in the American foreign policy during Donald Trump.
Walter Lippman argued that it is impossible for citizens in a democracy to be fully informed on all issues, as idealized. Public opinion is influenced by cognitive shortcuts and predispositions. People rely on elites, interest groups, friends, and family to inform their opinions. There are two models of how public opinion forms - the elite model where elites generate messages that citizens absorb, and the activated masses model where citizens discuss issues and counter-elites drive grassroots movements. Public opinion has characteristics like direction, intensity, saliency, and latency. While there is often widespread agreement, there are also fundamental disagreements in public opinion around specific issues and core values.
This document discusses public opinion, including its evolution, definition, importance, and cultural context. It provides the following key points:
1. Public opinion developed along with democratic institutions as political participation expanded beyond single rulers or elites.
2. Public opinion refers to people's views, which are formed in the general interest rather than just a majority. It starts with active political figures and shapes public trends.
3. Effective public opinion is important for democracy to function properly and for political parties and policies to succeed or fail. It also plays a role in national development.
A discussion of the role of communication in supporting the representative nature of western democracies. Second lecture for final year students on the Political Communication option in Bournemouth University
Fauzi Bowo is running for re-election as governor of Jakarta in 2012 and is known by his nickname "Bang Kumis" which means "Mister Mustache". He responds to opponents who say the nickname refers to Jakarta being run-down and poor by insisting that Jakarta still needs his mustache to eliminate slums and poverty.
This document summarizes the field of political communication. It outlines the history and development of political communication as an area of study from Aristotle to modern times. It then reviews contemporary scholarship in political communication, including prominent journals, topics studied like new media, presidential rhetoric, and public deliberation. Themes, theories, concepts, methods, and theorists in political communication research are also summarized.
This document discusses key questions about the study and teaching of political communication. It examines what constitutes political communication, who is studied, when and where it occurs, how it is studied, and why it is studied. It argues that the field could broaden its focus beyond U.S. presidential rhetoric and elections to study other levels of government, international contexts, and historical periods. It also calls for more attention to context, ethics, civic virtue, and progress in the study and teaching of political communication.
Political communication is crucial for building a society where the state and people feel connected. It helps political actors gain legitimacy and compliance from citizens. Political communication is a highly complex environment involving many actors and audiences. It mirrors aspects of corporate communication but also differs in its context and purposes related to democracy. Effective political communication models include two-way feedback between representatives and citizens to facilitate decision making that serves the public interest.
American Foreign Policy under Donald TrumpNevila Mullaj
The dissertation ascertains that United States of America represent an interesting case where national identity is interconnected with foreign policy. The theoretical conceptualization is developed on basis of post-structuralism. The methodology is focused on discourse analysis, analysis of speeches, twitter and official data reports constitute primary and secondary data sources. The thesis shows that identity and foreign policy are interconnected. The role of national identity is extremely powerful in highlighting a hegemonic position. The American Psyche is essentially present in every American presidency, whereas the power of the discourse, the “otherness” and the key representation of danger and threat revived the national security and defense strategies. Concluding, the language and significance used in official speeches of Donald Trump, document the American hegemony to be unquestionable. Lastly, the projection of the national identity in case of the USA remains very strong and coherently reflected in the American foreign policy during Donald Trump.
Walter Lippman argued that it is impossible for citizens in a democracy to be fully informed on all issues, as idealized. Public opinion is influenced by cognitive shortcuts and predispositions. People rely on elites, interest groups, friends, and family to inform their opinions. There are two models of how public opinion forms - the elite model where elites generate messages that citizens absorb, and the activated masses model where citizens discuss issues and counter-elites drive grassroots movements. Public opinion has characteristics like direction, intensity, saliency, and latency. While there is often widespread agreement, there are also fundamental disagreements in public opinion around specific issues and core values.
This document discusses public opinion, including its evolution, definition, importance, and cultural context. It provides the following key points:
1. Public opinion developed along with democratic institutions as political participation expanded beyond single rulers or elites.
2. Public opinion refers to people's views, which are formed in the general interest rather than just a majority. It starts with active political figures and shapes public trends.
3. Effective public opinion is important for democracy to function properly and for political parties and policies to succeed or fail. It also plays a role in national development.
A discussion of the role of communication in supporting the representative nature of western democracies. Second lecture for final year students on the Political Communication option in Bournemouth University
Fauzi Bowo is running for re-election as governor of Jakarta in 2012 and is known by his nickname "Bang Kumis" which means "Mister Mustache". He responds to opponents who say the nickname refers to Jakarta being run-down and poor by insisting that Jakarta still needs his mustache to eliminate slums and poverty.
This document discusses several key concepts relating to public opinion and political socialization. It defines public opinion and its components - collective political beliefs, of the public or subgroups, on important government issues. It also discusses factors that influence political socialization, such as family, peer groups, religion, media, national events, demographics and ideology. Finally, it notes some potential issues with public opinion polling through ambiguous, leading and biased word choice questions.
Public opinion polling has played an important role in American democracy since its founding. Early forms of polling included straw polls conducted at polling places and surveys in newspapers. Abraham Lincoln recognized the importance of understanding public opinion as president. The rise of social sciences in the early 20th century led to the development of modern opinion polling. George Gallup established scientific polling methods through his American Institute of Public Opinion in 1936. Subsequent presidents like FDR, Truman, Eisenhower, Clinton, and Bush all utilized polling to varying degrees to inform their electoral and policy decisions. There are different types of polls including national polls, campaign polls, exit polls, and pseudo polls which are not scientifically conducted. It is important for the public to scrutinize polling
Public opinion is defined as the shared expressed attitudes of individuals on issues of common concern. It is important to understand the components and characteristics of public opinion to analyze its role in policymaking. There are generally three types of publics - apathetic, attentive, and mobilizable. Only mobilizable publics that express their opinions through voting, communication, protests, or polls can influence policy. Public opinion research has shown that while support for the political system remains high, levels of political knowledge, efficacy, and trust have declined.
PR- PUBLIC OPINION, ATTITUDES AND PERSUASIONLena Argosino
This document discusses key factors that influence and shape public opinion, including environmental factors, attitudes, values, mass media, interest groups, government, opinion leaders, and public opinion polling. It explains that public opinion is constantly evolving as people's opinions are formed and revised on various public issues, figures, and organizations. Opinion leaders and different groups play important roles in framing issues and attempting to sway public opinion.
The document discusses political communications and strategies for effective messaging. It defines politics and communication and outlines the key components of communication strategies, including defining goals, identifying target audiences, developing messages, choosing messengers, and selecting delivery tools. It emphasizes starting with the main message and understanding the audience to develop persuasive messaging that can achieve communication goals.
This document discusses how political cynicism is related to mass media coverage. It argues that the mainstream media's focus on drama and negativity contributes to a "spiral of cynicism" where politicians feel they must provide cynical stories to get coverage and the public becomes more cynical about the political system as a result of constant negative news. Additionally, the use of "news frames" and sensationalism by media can influence perceptions of politics. Sources of political humor are also examined in terms of their potential effects on cynicism levels. Statistics on current public opinions about politicians are provided.
Political communications aim to communicate messages to the masses through effective mediums. According to Joseph Goebbels, a good idea must be properly presented to win. The message should appeal to the audience's socio-economic class and interests while maintaining consistency with the organization's positioning. Talking heads, channels like newspapers and radio, and networks of influential people can help spread the message. Propaganda techniques like using bandwagons, appealing to emotions, and transferring qualities aim to persuade audiences.
Communication is defined as interaction between individuals that produces a response through verbal or non-verbal symbols. Political communication involves purposeful communication about politics between politicians, voters, and media. It can take the form of rhetoric, body language, protests, and other symbolic acts. Celebrities are described as "intimate strangers" who are physically distant but psychologically close to the public due to extensive media coverage of their personal lives. They become famous for their fame alone and are "created by the media." Politicians sometimes adopt celebrity traits to seem more relatable to voters in a process called "celebrification." Maintaining a positive self-image is important for politicians to communicate effectively and influence public opinion.
This document discusses several principles of public opinion and how to influence it through public relations work. It outlines that the goal of most PR programs is to persuade, crystallize, or reinforce public opinions. It then provides 15 "laws of public opinion" established by Hadley Cantril, including that opinion is sensitive to events, determined by self-interest, and shifts with new information or accomplishments becoming accepted as facts. It concludes with additional principles for effectively communicating messages, such as tying ideas to actions or interests of the audience and ensuring the situation or message is clear without multiple interpretations.
This document contains the instructions and topics for discussion in a political science course on political violence. It lists terms and concepts related to political violence that students should think about and categories they should use to group their thoughts. It then outlines various types of political violence like revolutions, insurgencies, terrorism and non-violent resistance that will be covered in the class. Students are prompted with discussion questions under each topic.
The document provides an overview of public opinion and political participation in the US. It discusses how Americans learn about politics through socialization agents like family, education, and media. It also examines how public opinion is measured through polls and surveys, and outlines Americans' varied political ideologies and levels of participation in the political process through activities like voting, protesting, and contacting elected officials.
Defining political communication, political coverage & realitynadia naseem
The document discusses various topics related to political communication including defining political communication, political coverage, and whether news reflects reality. It defines political communication as the process by which information spreads and influences politics through leaders, media and citizens. Political coverage focuses on the president, political parties, elections and gaffes. While news is meant to report society faithfully, in reality news does not reflect all of reality due to gatekeeping, agenda-setting and framing effects. Social media has become an important tool for political engagement and influencing elections.
This document outlines the key topics and themes that will be covered in a public opinion course. The course will examine how public opinion surveys are conducted and interpreted. Students will evaluate theories about how people form opinions and answer survey questions. Key debates around the competence of the public and the role of public opinion in influencing policy will also be discussed. Regular quizzes will assess students' understanding of the readings and class discussions. The goal is to make students savvier consumers of public opinion data.
This document discusses political communication. It defines political communication as the process by which leaders, media, or citizens use language and symbols to influence political views, attitudes, and behaviors. It identifies the key players in political communication as leaders, the public, and the media. It also discusses how politics is mediated through media platforms, how technology has become central to political communication, and how political communication has become globalized. Finally, it notes political communication can be used for both good and evil purposes.
The document discusses the formation of public opinion and the role of interest groups in influencing public policy. It defines public opinion as attitudes held by groups on political matters. Family, education, mass media, peer groups, and opinion leaders are described as major influences in shaping public views. Interest groups represent specific interests and try to impact policymaking at all levels of government. They provide information and a means for participation, but some criticize their disproportionate influence. Major interest groups discussed include business, labor, and other issue-focused organizations.
Public opinion and media politics presentationMitch Herrera
Public opinion is shaped by various environmental and social factors. Family, friends, social groups, and mass media like newspapers, television and the internet influence the formation of public attitudes and opinions on issues. Interest groups and opinion leaders also play a role in cultivating and spreading public opinion on certain issues. Governments are influenced by public opinion in democratic systems, where citizens form views on political topics. Polling is used to measure public opinion through surveys, but has limitations in identifying influential opinion leaders. The accuracy of public opinion polls can be affected if respondents do not take the surveys seriously or give socially desirable answers rather than their true views.
This document discusses public opinion, political socialization, and factors that influence them. It defines public opinion as the politically relevant opinions that citizens openly express through words or actions. It also discusses how polling and public opinion polls work using probability sampling to estimate opinions of a whole population from a small random sample. The document then covers political socialization, which is the lifelong learning process through which people acquire their political beliefs, values, and outlooks. It lists the major agents of political socialization, such as family, schools, media, peers, and political institutions. Finally, it notes some key factors like race, religion, region, and urban/rural differences that affect public opinions.
This document provides an overview of key topics related to British politics, political campaigning, and content analysis. It discusses the changing relationship between politics and media, the rise of political marketing and branding, and debates around the impact of these trends on democracy and political engagement. Critics argue that marketing has contributed to less ideological parties and a decline in rational political debate, while proponents believe it can stimulate civic participation. The document also examines the emergence of celebrity politicians and their media management strategies.
The document provides an overview of definitions and perspectives of rhetoric throughout history. It discusses classical definitions from figures like Plato, Aristotle, and Cicero. It also examines modern and contemporary definitions. The document then analyzes rhetoric from different perspectives like as a system, rules, argument, speech, and power. It discusses the historical evolution of rhetoric in relation to changes in media from orality to literacy and changes in society.
This document discusses gender from a communication and rhetorical perspective. It defines gender as a social process, system of stratification, and structure. Gender is constructed through communication and changes over time and context. Studying gender helps understand cultural values around masculinity and femininity and gives insight into one's own gender performance. The document also discusses gender as a social performance and how rhetoric plays a role in constructing and maintaining notions of gender through persuasive language.
The document discusses the 7 P's of Rhetoric which are key concepts in rhetoric. The 7 P's are: Public, Propositional, Purposive, Problem solving, Pragmatic, Poetic, and Powerful. Rhetoric is defined as the craft of producing reason-giving discourse that is grounded in social truths and concerned with persuasion and humanistic study.
This document discusses several key concepts relating to public opinion and political socialization. It defines public opinion and its components - collective political beliefs, of the public or subgroups, on important government issues. It also discusses factors that influence political socialization, such as family, peer groups, religion, media, national events, demographics and ideology. Finally, it notes some potential issues with public opinion polling through ambiguous, leading and biased word choice questions.
Public opinion polling has played an important role in American democracy since its founding. Early forms of polling included straw polls conducted at polling places and surveys in newspapers. Abraham Lincoln recognized the importance of understanding public opinion as president. The rise of social sciences in the early 20th century led to the development of modern opinion polling. George Gallup established scientific polling methods through his American Institute of Public Opinion in 1936. Subsequent presidents like FDR, Truman, Eisenhower, Clinton, and Bush all utilized polling to varying degrees to inform their electoral and policy decisions. There are different types of polls including national polls, campaign polls, exit polls, and pseudo polls which are not scientifically conducted. It is important for the public to scrutinize polling
Public opinion is defined as the shared expressed attitudes of individuals on issues of common concern. It is important to understand the components and characteristics of public opinion to analyze its role in policymaking. There are generally three types of publics - apathetic, attentive, and mobilizable. Only mobilizable publics that express their opinions through voting, communication, protests, or polls can influence policy. Public opinion research has shown that while support for the political system remains high, levels of political knowledge, efficacy, and trust have declined.
PR- PUBLIC OPINION, ATTITUDES AND PERSUASIONLena Argosino
This document discusses key factors that influence and shape public opinion, including environmental factors, attitudes, values, mass media, interest groups, government, opinion leaders, and public opinion polling. It explains that public opinion is constantly evolving as people's opinions are formed and revised on various public issues, figures, and organizations. Opinion leaders and different groups play important roles in framing issues and attempting to sway public opinion.
The document discusses political communications and strategies for effective messaging. It defines politics and communication and outlines the key components of communication strategies, including defining goals, identifying target audiences, developing messages, choosing messengers, and selecting delivery tools. It emphasizes starting with the main message and understanding the audience to develop persuasive messaging that can achieve communication goals.
This document discusses how political cynicism is related to mass media coverage. It argues that the mainstream media's focus on drama and negativity contributes to a "spiral of cynicism" where politicians feel they must provide cynical stories to get coverage and the public becomes more cynical about the political system as a result of constant negative news. Additionally, the use of "news frames" and sensationalism by media can influence perceptions of politics. Sources of political humor are also examined in terms of their potential effects on cynicism levels. Statistics on current public opinions about politicians are provided.
Political communications aim to communicate messages to the masses through effective mediums. According to Joseph Goebbels, a good idea must be properly presented to win. The message should appeal to the audience's socio-economic class and interests while maintaining consistency with the organization's positioning. Talking heads, channels like newspapers and radio, and networks of influential people can help spread the message. Propaganda techniques like using bandwagons, appealing to emotions, and transferring qualities aim to persuade audiences.
Communication is defined as interaction between individuals that produces a response through verbal or non-verbal symbols. Political communication involves purposeful communication about politics between politicians, voters, and media. It can take the form of rhetoric, body language, protests, and other symbolic acts. Celebrities are described as "intimate strangers" who are physically distant but psychologically close to the public due to extensive media coverage of their personal lives. They become famous for their fame alone and are "created by the media." Politicians sometimes adopt celebrity traits to seem more relatable to voters in a process called "celebrification." Maintaining a positive self-image is important for politicians to communicate effectively and influence public opinion.
This document discusses several principles of public opinion and how to influence it through public relations work. It outlines that the goal of most PR programs is to persuade, crystallize, or reinforce public opinions. It then provides 15 "laws of public opinion" established by Hadley Cantril, including that opinion is sensitive to events, determined by self-interest, and shifts with new information or accomplishments becoming accepted as facts. It concludes with additional principles for effectively communicating messages, such as tying ideas to actions or interests of the audience and ensuring the situation or message is clear without multiple interpretations.
This document contains the instructions and topics for discussion in a political science course on political violence. It lists terms and concepts related to political violence that students should think about and categories they should use to group their thoughts. It then outlines various types of political violence like revolutions, insurgencies, terrorism and non-violent resistance that will be covered in the class. Students are prompted with discussion questions under each topic.
The document provides an overview of public opinion and political participation in the US. It discusses how Americans learn about politics through socialization agents like family, education, and media. It also examines how public opinion is measured through polls and surveys, and outlines Americans' varied political ideologies and levels of participation in the political process through activities like voting, protesting, and contacting elected officials.
Defining political communication, political coverage & realitynadia naseem
The document discusses various topics related to political communication including defining political communication, political coverage, and whether news reflects reality. It defines political communication as the process by which information spreads and influences politics through leaders, media and citizens. Political coverage focuses on the president, political parties, elections and gaffes. While news is meant to report society faithfully, in reality news does not reflect all of reality due to gatekeeping, agenda-setting and framing effects. Social media has become an important tool for political engagement and influencing elections.
This document outlines the key topics and themes that will be covered in a public opinion course. The course will examine how public opinion surveys are conducted and interpreted. Students will evaluate theories about how people form opinions and answer survey questions. Key debates around the competence of the public and the role of public opinion in influencing policy will also be discussed. Regular quizzes will assess students' understanding of the readings and class discussions. The goal is to make students savvier consumers of public opinion data.
This document discusses political communication. It defines political communication as the process by which leaders, media, or citizens use language and symbols to influence political views, attitudes, and behaviors. It identifies the key players in political communication as leaders, the public, and the media. It also discusses how politics is mediated through media platforms, how technology has become central to political communication, and how political communication has become globalized. Finally, it notes political communication can be used for both good and evil purposes.
The document discusses the formation of public opinion and the role of interest groups in influencing public policy. It defines public opinion as attitudes held by groups on political matters. Family, education, mass media, peer groups, and opinion leaders are described as major influences in shaping public views. Interest groups represent specific interests and try to impact policymaking at all levels of government. They provide information and a means for participation, but some criticize their disproportionate influence. Major interest groups discussed include business, labor, and other issue-focused organizations.
Public opinion and media politics presentationMitch Herrera
Public opinion is shaped by various environmental and social factors. Family, friends, social groups, and mass media like newspapers, television and the internet influence the formation of public attitudes and opinions on issues. Interest groups and opinion leaders also play a role in cultivating and spreading public opinion on certain issues. Governments are influenced by public opinion in democratic systems, where citizens form views on political topics. Polling is used to measure public opinion through surveys, but has limitations in identifying influential opinion leaders. The accuracy of public opinion polls can be affected if respondents do not take the surveys seriously or give socially desirable answers rather than their true views.
This document discusses public opinion, political socialization, and factors that influence them. It defines public opinion as the politically relevant opinions that citizens openly express through words or actions. It also discusses how polling and public opinion polls work using probability sampling to estimate opinions of a whole population from a small random sample. The document then covers political socialization, which is the lifelong learning process through which people acquire their political beliefs, values, and outlooks. It lists the major agents of political socialization, such as family, schools, media, peers, and political institutions. Finally, it notes some key factors like race, religion, region, and urban/rural differences that affect public opinions.
This document provides an overview of key topics related to British politics, political campaigning, and content analysis. It discusses the changing relationship between politics and media, the rise of political marketing and branding, and debates around the impact of these trends on democracy and political engagement. Critics argue that marketing has contributed to less ideological parties and a decline in rational political debate, while proponents believe it can stimulate civic participation. The document also examines the emergence of celebrity politicians and their media management strategies.
The document provides an overview of definitions and perspectives of rhetoric throughout history. It discusses classical definitions from figures like Plato, Aristotle, and Cicero. It also examines modern and contemporary definitions. The document then analyzes rhetoric from different perspectives like as a system, rules, argument, speech, and power. It discusses the historical evolution of rhetoric in relation to changes in media from orality to literacy and changes in society.
This document discusses gender from a communication and rhetorical perspective. It defines gender as a social process, system of stratification, and structure. Gender is constructed through communication and changes over time and context. Studying gender helps understand cultural values around masculinity and femininity and gives insight into one's own gender performance. The document also discusses gender as a social performance and how rhetoric plays a role in constructing and maintaining notions of gender through persuasive language.
The document discusses the 7 P's of Rhetoric which are key concepts in rhetoric. The 7 P's are: Public, Propositional, Purposive, Problem solving, Pragmatic, Poetic, and Powerful. Rhetoric is defined as the craft of producing reason-giving discourse that is grounded in social truths and concerned with persuasion and humanistic study.
This document discusses reasons for pursuing graduate school, including wanting to learn more about communication, increase earning potential, or dislike of a previous job. It also covers different models of graduate education, such as the apprentice model, and providing research questions and definitions of communication from various scholars. The document provides an overview of considerations for graduate study in communication.
1) The document discusses the concept of audience in rhetorical theory from ancient Greece and Rome to modern times. Key figures like Aristotle, Cicero, Campbell, and Perelman contributed theories about understanding and adapting to audiences.
2) George Campbell's philosophy of rhetoric from 1776 synthesized knowledge about persuasion as a four-step process involving instruction, imagination, passions, and the will. He emphasized the importance of understanding an audience's education, culture, occupation, and politics.
3) Chais Perelman distinguished between a "universal audience" as an ideal rational construct in the rhetor's mind, and a "particular audience" as the actual group being addressed, noting the need to argue
This document defines rhetoric and discusses its history and uses. It explains that rhetoric was defined by Aristotle as discovering all means of persuasion on a topic. Rhetoric can be used in speeches, which have three main types or genres. There are also many rhetorical devices that can be used in writing, such as alliteration, metaphor, and hyperbole, to draw attention to ideas and emphasize messages. Overall, the document discusses how understanding and using rhetoric can improve communication skills.
The document discusses the importance of political speech and the strategies politicians use to craft effective rhetoric. It analyzes academic articles on political speeches to understand the rationale behind them and how politicians establish coherence between their self-image and how others perceive them. Politicians must ensure their past, present, and promised future actions are consistent and do not contradict, to maintain credibility and win elections. The document will examine strategies like narrative-building, presenting positions as natural extensions of the past, and addressing potential contradictions.
The document discusses several key aspects of public opinion in the United States, including:
1) Public opinion is difficult to define because there are many groups and many issues to account for.
2) Factors like family, schools, peer groups, media, and historic events influence the development of political opinions over time.
3) Polls are considered the best measure of public opinion, though they are not perfect and public opinion is not the only influence on policy.
Public opinion plays an important role in politics. It is shaped by both internal psychological processes and external cultural and social influences. There are different classifications of the "public" based on their level of interest, from inattentive to highly engaged. Traditional methods of measuring public opinion include public opinion polls. The media also plays a key role in politics as the primary means of expressing and influencing public opinion. As the "fourth branch of government", the media serves important democratic functions like keeping politicians accountable and ensuring an informed citizenry.
This document discusses political communication and the role of mass media in a democratic society. It covers how democracy originated in ancient Greece and how political communication is now transmitted through mass media. It evaluates whether political information available to citizens is useful, sufficient, and trustworthy. The document also discusses how media can act as a watchdog on government or collaborate with government. Additionally, it addresses how media covers political leaders and issues around privacy. The role of media in terrorism and advocating for minority groups is debated. Standards for evaluating political messages are provided.
The next step in the course project is to develop a script that .docxdennisa15
The next step in the course project is to develop a script that you will use to record the narration for your presentation. Include headings for the slide number. Your final presentation should have 5-8 slides (not including title slide, conclusion slide, or references slide). Here are a few tips:
Address all requirements for the content.
Balance the amount of content for each slide. If there is too much content on one slide, try to break it up into two slides or consider where you can be more concise with your wording.
Include citations where needed (e.g., quoted material and paraphrased/summarized ideas from a source that are not common knowledge). Note: When you get to the recording phase - you will need to read your in-text citations aloud, but you do not need to read your references slide.
Looking Ahead
Practice reading their script now so that you will be ready to record by Week 8. You may use PowerPoint or another method (mp4 file) approved by your instructor.
Writing Requirements (APA format)
Length: minimum of 3 pages (not including title page or references page)
1-inch margins
Double spaced
12-point Times New Roman font
Title page
References page (minimum of 8 scholarly sources)
BASED ON:
Hillary Clinton was the only female candidate to governance next to her husband, Bill Clinton. As evident, she was the single lady who got to rule in the 20th and 21st centuries. She wanted to make the United States powerful in the economy, not just politically. She started working on the economy in the earlier days, and then she stepped towards the military gains of the states. This not only worked, but it also created havoc among the nation to have come under the light of a smart lady. The government and the people at first were not willing to believe, but she gained the trust of all. She worked on the affordable care act for the children and helped them dearly. She stood up for women's rights under the violence against women act. Meaning, she stood up for all acts and rights and made sure that they are implemented. As far as being a US senator is concerned, she stood between the war of Russia and the US and made them sign a treaty. She promoted peace, harmony, culture. She was the first lady who stood for the Copenhagen Climate change Accord. All of this not only helped in helping the children, with their lives, education, etc. it helped the country with better people, better economy, better military respondents, peace, and harmonious culture. She is greatly loved and supported by 74% of the world's stats. She has 487.2K followers just on Facebook .
Although things are quite positive, there are a few people who won't agree with this. This is mostly because people have different opinions and mindsets, depending on their different personalities. Thus, there are always critiques and opposers available. Due to Hillary Clinton’s majority deeds that were good in their own way, she managed to accomplish the support of the majority.
Political communication is crucial for building a society where the state and people feel connected. It helps political actors gain legitimacy and compliance from citizens. Political communication is a highly complex environment involving many actors and audiences. It mirrors aspects of corporate communication but also differs in its context and purposes related to democracy. Effective political communication models include two-way feedback between representatives and citizens to facilitate decision making that serves societal interests.
This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter Eight of the textbook "American Government and Politics: Deliberation, Democracy, and Citizenship". It discusses public opinion, how it is measured through polls, and the differences between fleeting opinions and lasting judgments. It also examines political participation in the US, the expansion of suffrage over time, who votes, and how political leaders should use public opinion and deliberation.
This study examined the influence of social networking sites and interpersonal political discussion on civic and political participation and confidence in government. The study found that reliance on social networking sites was positively associated with civic participation but not political participation or confidence in government. Interpersonal political discussion was found to enhance political participation and help citizens develop higher quality opinions. The study suggests encouraging more interpersonal political discussion to stimulate civic and political participation.
PUBLIC POLICY AND ADMINISTRATION: AND OVERVIEWAletha
This document provides an overview of public policy analysis. It discusses four main intellectual imperatives in the field: 1) holism and modeling the whole policy process, 2) examining the consequences of policies, 3) producing useful knowledge, and 4) ensuring democracy. The field draws from multiple origins like America, France, Germany, and Latin America. It covers defining public policy, the structure of the field, and its historical development focused on understanding the world and enacting change. Research examines topics like the policy cycle, issue typologies, behavioral outcomes, and democratic participation. The overall goal is a holistic and problem-solving approach.
Wk4 – Marketing Politics and Political AdvertisingCarolina Matos
This document provides an overview of key concepts and readings for a university course on political marketing and communications. It discusses definitions of political marketing and how it has evolved. Key topics covered include the role of political parties, tensions between politicians and the media, how politicians use symbolic capital and the media, marketing concepts like branding and value propositions, and debates around celebrity politics. Examples are provided of political marketing strategies used by parties like Labour and the Conservatives in the UK.
The document discusses several topics related to political culture and participation, including civic culture, political trust, generations and values, civilizations and religions, elite political culture, media development, media structures, media impact, participation in liberal democracies, women's political participation, and social movements. It provides definitions and explanations of these concepts, noting for example that civic culture refers to citizens' political attitudes, and elite political culture comprises the beliefs and values of influential political participants.
This document provides a summary of the discussions that took place in National Issues Forums across 44 states on the topic of "Money and Politics." The forums explored how money influences politics and damages democracy. Participants felt money skews political decisions toward special interests, gives wealthy candidates unfair advantages, and leaves ordinary citizens feeling their voices don't count. They also felt money corrupts public debate by limiting certain voices and amplifying others. While views evolved, most supported reforms like providing free media access or public financing to level the playing field, though some opposed public financing.
This document discusses leadership credibility in the Netherlands and examines the leadership characteristics of former Dutch Prime Minister Jan Peter Balkenende. It begins by defining leadership credibility as perceived trustworthiness, honesty, and competence. It then analyzes the patterns of Dutch democracy and shifting political culture. A survey of Dutch citizens found the top characteristics for credible political leadership are being trustworthy, honest, and competent. The document uses the Millon Inventory of Diagnostic Criteria to assess Balkenende's personality and leadership style, finding his dominant pattern relates to dutifulness. It provides context on Balkenende's four terms as Prime Minister and the research methods used to evaluate his leadership credibility and personality.
Bridging the gap between public officials and the public slides with video ...Matt Leighninger
How can legislators and other leaders help create more productive, healthy civil discourse? A new slideshow from the DDC summarizes recent research on legislators’ attitudes, and compares those findings with evaluations of deliberative projects. In these new materials, we ask whether public deliberation projects can create the kind of communication legislators say they want with their constituents. Finally, we provide a set of recommendations for public officials, funders, and the field of public engagement.
Slide 5 WestCal Political Science 1 - US Government 2015-2016WestCal Academy
American Leadership Policy Studies (ALPS) is a for-college credit certificate program that teaches the fundamentals of American government. ALPS includes a custom tailored Political Science 1 – US Government course taught in partnership with accredited colleges to assure students receive college credit. The class is taught from the perspective of industry professionals who work in local/state/federal bureaucracies and/or political/union campaigns. This course program may operate at the site of a partnering college or instructor of record who licenses ALPS course materials from WestCal Academy or at WestCal Academy’s main campus in partnership with an accredited college. WestCal Academy
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El Puerto de Algeciras continúa un año más como el más eficiente del continente europeo y vuelve a situarse en el “top ten” mundial, según el informe The Container Port Performance Index 2023 (CPPI), elaborado por el Banco Mundial y la consultora S&P Global.
El informe CPPI utiliza dos enfoques metodológicos diferentes para calcular la clasificación del índice: uno administrativo o técnico y otro estadístico, basado en análisis factorial (FA). Según los autores, esta dualidad pretende asegurar una clasificación que refleje con precisión el rendimiento real del puerto, a la vez que sea estadísticamente sólida. En esta edición del informe CPPI 2023, se han empleado los mismos enfoques metodológicos y se ha aplicado un método de agregación de clasificaciones para combinar los resultados de ambos enfoques y obtener una clasificación agregada.
04062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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Acolyte Episodes review (TV series) The Acolyte. Learn about the influence of the program on the Star Wars world, as well as new characters and story twists.
Essential Tools for Modern PR Business .pptxPragencyuk
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Here is Gabe Whitley's response to my defamation lawsuit for him calling me a rapist and perjurer in court documents.
You have to read it to believe it, but after you read it, you won't believe it. And I included eight examples of defamatory statements/
An astonishing, first-of-its-kind, report by the NYT assessing damage in Ukraine. Even if the war ends tomorrow, in many places there will be nothing to go back to.
1. The Hope and Promise of Political Communication in the 21st Century Trevor Parry-Giles University of Maryland NCA Institute for Faculty Development “Hope” Institute, 2011
2. (Re)Assessing Political Communication American political discourse is often detailed and specific in its focus on policy. American political discourse is generally successful at producing high quality leaders and leadership. American political discourse is increasingly democratized. Rhetorical politics works to the benefit of the American political community.
3. The Clinton Model Clinton embodied and performed the policy emphasis of contemporary political communication in 2000. American judgments of Clinton manifested the sophistication of voters on issues of leadership. Clinton made full use of technology and alternative media to expand and democratize political communication.
4. The Clinton Model “Well, you know, sometimes during this campaign, I hear people criticize the 1990's and that's fair, you know, it's a campaign and people can criticize each other, but I'm always wondering when I hear that criticism, well, what part of the 1990's didn't they like? The peace or the prosperity? Because I thought we were on the right track.”—Hillary Rodham Clinton, 2008
20. (Re)Assessing Political Communication American political discourse is often detailed and specific in its focus on policy. American political discourse is generally successful at producing high quality leaders and leadership. American political discourse is increasingly democratized. Rhetorical politics works to the benefit of the American political community.
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22. A “Rhetorical” Politics “…‘rhetorical’ refers to a general way of existing in the world—approaching the world as a rhetorical being who understands that few things in life are given or inalterably determined; one who understands that most things are amenable to choice and to selection from among several competing choices; one who understands that the power to use symbols carries with it the power to both build and to destroy; one that believes that all of life is the domain of the rhetorical, not merely those formal occasions that call for speech or discourse; and one who comprehends that the truly important questions in life seldom lend themselves to clear-cut answers that can be held with absolute certainty.” Martin J. Medhurst, 1996
23. Themes of Hope for a Rhetorical Politics Emergent themes from this week’s proceedings are critical, it seems to me, in the articulation of a programmatic revisioning of critical and pedagogical approaches to political communication. They offer normative and prescriptive guidance toward the achievement of a “rhetorical” politics through our study and teaching about political communication.
24. Context A “rhetorical” politics demands a commitment to context and history—a recognition that political communication does not occur in a vacuum. Resistance to presentistexceptionalism that often characterizes political communication scholarship.
26. Effects & Efficacy Careful attention to both the attribution of effect and the measurement of the effects of political communication. Voters vote the way they do (and citizens act the way they do) for many, many complicated reasons that often are not measurable or attributable to political communication. Political communication must be sensitive to the proclivities of populations and subjects—and citizens.
27. Ethics & Character Attention to character and ethics recognizes that a rhetorical politics is often and significantly about questions of leadership and personal capacity. Political communication falls prey to what McGee (1980) called a “treacherous piety” that ignores the personal for the policy, the image for the issues. Political theorist Ronald Beiner notes wisely that personal judgments are significantly relevant to political ones.
28. Civic Virtue The sublimation of personal gain and selfish satisfaction for a greater public good is a model of civic virtue. A construct that offers an ethical manifestation of political communication with an eye toward both social justice and public comportment. A way to ground and enhance instruction in issues of civic engagement and governance.
29. Progress A rhetorical politics is progressive in a small “p” sense of hoping for and embodying progress, development, enhancement, and improvement. Political communication scholarship engages with this progress through public intellectualism as well as via the progress of our scholarly and pedagogical endeavors.
30. Hope At the root of it all is hope—a powerful and palpable belief in a better tomorrow. Performing that hope as scholars, as teachers, and as citizens enhances our achievement of a “rhetorical” politics to the betterment of our collective enterprise.
Editor's Notes
Thank yous—Ted and Joan, NCA, the participants, etc.Americans hate politics, and by extension, political communicationIt’s both axiomatic and also evident in practice—after elections, during contentious political debates, etc.Not the case with other disciplines—the public and scholars like literature, art, philosophy.Even in COMM, the public and scholars like to communicate interpersonally, organizationally. Media scholars like TV and film, even rhetoricians like rhetoric and celebrate, analyze and criticize the best of it. Not so with political communication.
About ten years ago, a friend asked for a forum piece to appear in A&A.Optimistic reassessment of political communication in the wake of the Clinton years, heading into the 2000 election.Four basic claims about the state of political communication.Rooted in the Clinton Model.
Clinton embodied policy focus—a president steeped in policy who valued deliberation and debate about public policy matters.Sophisticated voters on issues of character and leadership.Expanded deliberation via technology and media-Clinton on Arsenio Hall, MTV, Larry King, the Internet, etc.
General Clinton successes—job creation, debt, international success, approval ratings, even in the midst of Lewinsky scandal.Highest approval ratings of any president since they started taking these numbers with Harry Truman.HRC quotation.
Concerning the state of political communication and its practice, were we right 10 years ago? Are we still right today?How can we assess and determine the quality and state of political communication for the 21st century and what do such assessments tell us about how to teach and study this domain of human communication behavior?Hope themes from Keynotes: Context, Effects, Ethics, Virtue, Civility, Progress.Rather than focus on a single political era (the Clinton era), I suggest another means for assessing the quality and state of political communication is achieved through a more historical approach.Generational elections. “Most important election of our lifetimes”
1908 and the rhetorical presidency A. 1908 represents the first modern occasion of a president actively, publicly, and overtly selecting a successor (previous examples of note: Jackson with Van Buren). The strategy typically doesn’t work that well. B. TR’s role in the campaign speaks to the increasing power of the rhetorical presidency: 1. Republican platform: “In this greatest era of American advancement, the Republican party has reached its highest service under the leadership of Theodore Roosevelt. His administration is an epoch in American history. In no other period since national sovereignty was won under Washington, or preserved under Lincoln, has there been such mighty progress in those ideals of government which make for justice, equality and fair dealing among men.” 2. Contrast with other platforms: a. 1900: “We indorse the administration of William McKinley. Its acts have been established in wisdom and in patriotism, and at home and abroad it has distinctly elevated and extended the influence of the American nation.” b. 1904: “We cordially commend the policy pursued in that direction by the administrations of President McKinley and President Roosevelt. c. 1912: “We invite the intelligent judgment of the American people upon the administration of William H. Taft. The country has prospered and been at peace under his presidency.” C. Taft confronts the TR legacy: 1. NYT article of July 29, 1908: “Pledging anew his allegiance to the policies of President Roosevelt, Judge William Howard Taft to-day formally accepted the Republican nomination for the Presidency. He declared that the chief function of the next Republican Administration will be to clinch what has already been accomplished by the present occupant of the White House.” 2. Acceptance speech: “The man who formulated the expression of the popular conscience and who led the movement for practical reform was Theodore Roosevelt.” 3. TR’s role in the campaign—active campaigning—Republican campaign text-book reprints a letter from TR and was widely and publicly circulated to support WHT. TR offered behind the scenes advice—urged WHT to more actively campaign, to challenge Bryan more, to change style and personality as a candidate. 4. Democratic response speaks to this new incumbent role: NY’s David Hill endorsed WJB by saying “I sincerely believe he (Bryan) will be President himself and will not be led around with a string like a caged bear.” Couldn’t wholly refute TR on policy grounds because of WJB’s general agreement with much of the progressive/reform agenda. 5. Visual imagery: Lots of TR morphing; one cartoon as TR holding a baby WHT on his shoulders.
V.O. Key1. Critical elections generate high levels of voter turnout.2. Critical elections upset or reverse a previous balance of power between competing parties.3. Critical elections produce durable changes in the compositions of voter coalitions.Radio—Issues—Prohibition; Economic prosperity; Smith’s Catholicism
Issues: Cold War—Taft-Hartley; do-Nothing Congress; Civil Rights; Changes in communication: first presidential debate between Stassen and Dewey in Oregon; first presidential television ad by HST; newsreels for both Dewey and Truman; whistlestopping; televised conventions, speeches, etc.Spectacular failure of polling; prognostication.
Issues: Vietnam; civil rights; law, order, and stabilityNews was increasingly mediated—journalism was televised; conventions, etc. The Whole World is Watching.Political advertising had matured—repackaging of Nixon—Selling of the President
No real issues: Pledge of allegiance; Boston Harbor; prison furloughs; Iran-contraRise and sophistication of political advertisingAdvent of 24 hour news; national news (USA Today); early talk radioInstitutionalization of presidential debating
Big issues—Wars; globalization; economic collapse; rising debt/deficits; extension of civil libertiesIncreasing sophistication of campaign information, news dissemination, etc.Frank and open discussions of character and leadership.
Voter turnout as an imprecise marker of the quality/capacity of political communication
Campaign examination that, in that context, default judgments about the impoverished quality of U.S. political communication are misplaced and hasty.“Perhaps it is the existing puritanical impulses of the American psyche that motivated the incessant carping about political discourse in the United States. Maybe it is this lingering perfectionist, elitist tendency that seeks to drive out the base and popular for that which is arcane and idiosyncratic. But criticism of political discourse that relentlessly follows this path runs the profound risk of eliminating from our analysis and teaching the power of political symbols to create a better, more democratic society for its citizens."Rather than indulge the perpetual denigration of political communication, it is perhaps more useful to dedicate our research and teaching toward a more appreciative inquiry, a more overt recognition of the need to continue promoting a rhetorical politics.
Contrast with C-SPAN survey—top ten presidents in “public persuasion.”FDR, Lincoln, Reagan, TR, Washington, Kennedy, Jackson, Jefferson, Wilson, Clinton