This document discusses the authoritarian theory of media, which proposes that all forms of communication should be under the control of governing elites or authorities. The key points made include:
1. The authoritarian theory originated from Plato's philosophy and was used by English monarchs, allowing media to be influenced by those in power.
2. Under an authoritarian system, media ownership is concentrated in the hands of the government and censorship is used to suppress any communication deemed harmful to authorities.
3. Examples of authoritarian media systems include Germany under Hitler and Italy under Mussolini, where all communication was tightly controlled by the ruling party.
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Normative theory of the press ( Libertarian)JoannaDel
Libertarianism (from Latin: libertas, meaning "freedom") is a collection of political philosophies and movements that uphold liberty as a core principle. Libertarians seek to maximize political freedom and autonomy, emphasizing freedom of choice, voluntary association and individual judgment.
The PPT discusses on the press conditions in the world. It also explains the working conditions of press & media and its professionals in western countries as well as developing countries.
The theory talks about the relationship between minority and majority of people and how they express themselves. It proves minority people keep silent on their views on any particular subject.
This Power Point Presentation is about the Normative Theory of the Press, which focused on the Libertarian Theory as part of Media and Information Literacy. It talks about the meaning, examples, strengths and weaknesses of the libertarian theory.
The PPT discusses on the press conditions in the world. It also explains the working conditions of press & media and its professionals in western countries as well as developing countries.
The theory talks about the relationship between minority and majority of people and how they express themselves. It proves minority people keep silent on their views on any particular subject.
This Power Point Presentation is about the Normative Theory of the Press, which focused on the Libertarian Theory as part of Media and Information Literacy. It talks about the meaning, examples, strengths and weaknesses of the libertarian theory.
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Theories of Press and their relevant to the present day; Journalism as a profession, Professional Organisations- Press Council of India; Starting a Newspaper, Career Oppurtunities in Journalism.
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In politics, a regime (also known as "régime", from the original French spelling) is the form of government or the set of rules, cultural or social norms, etc. that regulate the operation of a government or institution and its interactions with society.
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This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
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This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
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The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
11. GOALS OF NORMATIVE
THEORIES
1. Elimination of irresponsible content
2. Clean up the media
3. Make them more respectable and credible
12. GOALS OF NORMATIVE
THEORIES
4. Answer to these questions
• Should media do something more than merely distribute whatever
content will earn them the greatest profits in the shortest time?
• Are there some essential public services that media should provide
even if no immediate profits can be earned?
• Should media become involved in identifying and solving social
problems?
• Is it necessary or advisable that media serve as watchdogs and protect
consumers against business fraud and corrupt bureaucrats?
15. AUTHORITARIAN THEORY
It is the idea that placed all forms of
communication under the control of a
governing elites or authorities.
16. ORIGIN OF THEORY
• Originated from the philosophy of Plato (407-327
B.C.)
• The English monarchs used this approach
• Media is influenced and overpowered by power
and authority in the nations
17. WHAT IS ABSOLUTE POWER OF
MONARCH
Absolute monarchy – a form of government where a single ruler,
usually called a king or queen, has complete control over all parts of
the government. His/her power is not limited by a constitution or by
the law. In an absolute monarchy, the transmission of power is
hereditary.
18. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
it is recognized in 1956 by three professors of communication
1. fred S. siebert 2. theodore peterson and 3. wilbur schramm.
developed in the 16th and 17th century in England
Who owns the media in an authoritarian system?
History provides us with many examples. Two stand out:
“Germany under Hitler and Italy under Mussolini”
