Policy development is crucial part in policy process. This presentation will help to understand more and get some tips from my experience in health policy development, synthesized with theories from WHO and US-CDC materials

1. POLICY
DEVELOPMENT
Phathai Singkham MD MPH
Director
Division of Innovation & Research
DDC MOPH Thailand
Master in Public Health
Policy and health development
Royal Tropical Institute, NL

2. DISCUSSION ITEMS
What is Policy
Policy process
Important of Policy Development
Policy brief
Policy Implementation & Evaluation
2023 Policy Development : Phathai Singkham 2

3. WHAT IS A POLICY?
a set of guidelines, principles, and rules established by
an organization to guide decision-making and ensure
consistency in actions and behaviors. It serves as a
framework for decision-making and helps to ensure that
an organization's objectives are met.
Chat GPT
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Policy is a law, regulation, procedure, administrative
action, incentive, or voluntary practice of governments
and other institutions.
CDC :
https://www.cdc.gov/policy/opaph/process/definition.html

4. POLICY PROCESS

5. POLICY PROCESS
I. Problem Identification
II. Policy Analysis
III. Strategy and Policy Development
IV. Policy Enactment
V. Policy Implementation
CDC :
https://www.cdc.gov/policy/opaph/process/index.html
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6. POLICY
DEVELOPMENT

7. IMPORTANT OF
POLICY DEVELOPMENT
provides a framework for decision-making
helps to ensure that an organization's objectives are met
helps to maintain consistency in actions and behaviors
help to reduce confusion and ensure that everyone within
the organization is on the same page
Chat GPT
2023 Policy Development : Phathai Singkham 7
Health can be influenced by policies in many different sectors
For example,
transportation policies can encourage physical activity
(pedestrian- and bicycle-friendly community design);
policies in schools can improve nutritional content of school meals
CDC

8. THE POLICY-PUBLIC HEALTH
CONNECTION
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policy development includes the advancement and
implementation of public health law, regulations, or voluntary
practices
influence
systems development,
organizational change,
individual behavior to promote improvements in
health.
can be executed within the health sector,
working in other sectors
such as education, agriculture, or employment,
among others.
CDC
Reminding:
Determinants of Health

9. POLICY DEVELOPMENT
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•1. Identify how the policy will operate
•2. what is needed for policy enactment and implementation
•e.g., understand jurisdictional context and identify information and capacity needs
3. Define strategy for engaging stakeholders and policy actors
4. Possibly draft the policy
•law, regulation, procedures, actions, etc.

10. POLICY DEVELOPMENT
2023 Policy Development : Phathai Singkham 10
•1. Identify how the policy will operate

11. POLICY DEVELOPMENT
2023 Policy Development : Phathai Singkham 11
•2. what is needed for policy enactment and implementation
•e.g., understand jurisdictional context and identify information and capacity needs
Policy
Decision
maker
By policy developer
Target
Stakeholders
Policy
Target
Persona (s) ?
Problem ?
Insight ?
Stakeholders
Stakeholder analysis
Power vs interest
Decision
maker
Target-oriented policy development
Persona (s) ?
Limitation ?
Negotiation ?
Component ?
Way to advocate ?

12. POLICY DEVELOPMENT
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•2. what is needed for policy enactment and implementation
Read more:
https://www.pmi.org/learning/library/stakeholder-analysis-
pivotal-practice-projects-8905
Broadly see
relationships
More tools :
Interest & impact table
Interest-influence classification
Participation matrix

13. POLICY DEVELOPMENT
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3. Define strategy for engaging stakeholders and policy actors
Read more:
https://www.forbes.com/advisor/business/what-is-stakeholder-analysis/
Power-interest Grid
determine how you
communicate with each
stakeholder.

14. POLICY DEVELOPMENT
2023 Policy Development : Phathai Singkham 14
4. Possibly draft the policy
•law, regulation, procedures, actions, etc.
Architectural
Incremental Disruptive
Radical
New
existing
New
existing
Specific
Targets
Methods of policy

15. POLICY DEVELOPMENT
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4. Possibly draft the policy
•law, regulation, procedures, actions, etc.
Architectural
Strategic
Incremental
Avoid
Disruptive
Debatable
Radical
Quick Win
New
existing
New
existing
Specific
Targets
Methods of policy

16. POLICY BRIEF

17. POLICY BRIEF
[Methodology for the development of policy brief in public health]
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29331213/
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document that summarizes research to inform policy.
In a brief and succinct way,
defines a policy problem, presents a synthesis of relevant
evidence, identifies possible courses of action
makes recommendations or key points

18. POLICY BRIEF
2 TYPES
Advocacy brief
Objective brief
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Read more: https://www.fao.org/3/i2195e/i2195e03.pdf

19. POLICY BRIEF
COMPONENTS
1
2
3
4
Executive summary
Context and importance of the problem
Critique of policy option(s)
Policy recommendation
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5
Title
Effective writing and policy briefs - World Health Organization
https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/documents/social-determinants-of-health/hiap-ppt-module-
6.pptx?sfvrsn=25aa8ddc_2
6 Appendices

20. CHARACTERISTICS OF
EFFECTIVE POLICY BRIEFS
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Read more : Effective writing and policy briefs - World Health Organization
• Need to strategically focus on achieving the intended goal of convincing the target
audience.
1. Focus
• Focus on meanings, not methods.
2. Policy-minded rather than academic
•based on firm evidence and a rational argument.
•The information (drawing on the evidence) should identify that a problem exists and the
consequences of adopting particular alternatives.
1.3. Strong evidence
•Focus on the problem
•not too details but enough information for the reader to understand the issue and come to a decision
4. Limited scope
•Be short and to the point.
•Remember your target audience.
5. Succinct
•easy to read and appears interesting.
6. Understandable
•information is easy to navigate.
•subdivided using clear descriptive titles
7. Accessible
• attractive and grab the reader’s attention.
• Graphic, Color, Photos
8. Promotional
• be realistic
• target audience will be more interested in recommendations they can implement
9. Practical and feasible

21. SEE EXAMPLES
Food security in protracted crises: What can be done?
https://reliefweb.int/report/world/food-security-
protracted-crises-what-can-be-done-0
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HEALTH AND CLIMATE ACTION
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331993452_HEALTH_AND_CLIMAT
E_ACTION_Policy_Brief

22. POLICY PITCH
O Opinion
R Reason
E Evidence
O Opinion restated
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Image: https://514-media.com/blog/why-an-elevator-pitch-is-important-and-how-to-create-one/

23. IMPLEMENTATION
& EVALUATION

24. POLICY IMPLEMENTATION
• Translate policy into operational practice and define
implementation standards
• Implement regulations, guidelines, recommendations,
directives and organizational policies
• Identify indicators and metrics to evaluate
implementation and impact of the policy
• Coordinate resources and build capacity of personnel to
implement policy
• Assess implementation and ensure compliance with
policy
• Support post-implementation sustainability of policy
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CDC : https://www.cdc.gov/policy/opaph/process/index.html

25. EVALUATION
•Define evaluation needs, purpose, and intended uses and
users
•Conduct evaluation of prioritized evaluation questions
(e.g., was the problem defined in a way that prioritized
action, how were stakeholders engaged, is the policy being
implemented as intended, what is the impact of the policy)
•Disseminate evaluation results and facilitate use
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: Formally assess the appropriate steps of the policy cycle, including
the impact and outcomes of the policy.
CDC : https://www.cdc.gov/policy/opaph/process/index.html

26. SUMMARY
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REVIEW
Report
Evaluate
Monitor
AGENDA SETTING
Identify problem
Research
Set agenda
FORMULATION
Develop options and strategies
Negotiate
Formulate policy
IMPLEMENTATION
Enforce policy
Implement policy
Effective writing and policy briefs - World Health Organization

27. SUMMARY
FROM YOUR SIDE
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28. THANK YOU
Phathai Singkham MD MPH
linkedin.com/in/phathai-singkham-
phathais@gmail.com
www.slideshare.net/PhathaiSingkhamThail
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https://shorturl-ddc.moph.go.th/ZWOEb