Building the Evidence for Violence Prevention and Mitigation Interventions: A...JSI
A systematic review was conducted of peer-reviewed literature published between 2006 and 2017 to identify outcomes that lie along the pathway from interventions to outcomes. It was concluded that focusing on intermediate outcomes may help address measurement challenges and build a persuasive evidence base, critical to elevate violence in policy and practice change discussions and secure resources to prevent, address, and reduce the impact of violence.
This poster will be presented by Karuna Chibber at the 2018 American Public Health Association Conference in San Diego, CA.
A session on ' Public Policy' with the entrepreneurship club in IIT Delhi. This session was more of experience sharing than the theoretical perspective. Focused on the budding talents interested in public policy research
Building the Evidence for Violence Prevention and Mitigation Interventions: A...JSI
A systematic review was conducted of peer-reviewed literature published between 2006 and 2017 to identify outcomes that lie along the pathway from interventions to outcomes. It was concluded that focusing on intermediate outcomes may help address measurement challenges and build a persuasive evidence base, critical to elevate violence in policy and practice change discussions and secure resources to prevent, address, and reduce the impact of violence.
This poster will be presented by Karuna Chibber at the 2018 American Public Health Association Conference in San Diego, CA.
A session on ' Public Policy' with the entrepreneurship club in IIT Delhi. This session was more of experience sharing than the theoretical perspective. Focused on the budding talents interested in public policy research
Today, new research has been released that examines attitudes towards the professional communication about suicide held by public relations and communication professionals in Australia.
this report forms part of a PhD and was supported by staff at the Hunter Institute of Mental Health working on the Mindframe National Media Initiative and the Public Relations Institute of Australia.
For more information about the research visit www.mindframe-media.info
Lori Heise from The Prevention Collaborative presents her work on cash transfers and intimate partner violence in low- and middle-income countries at our CSW63 side event in UN Women in New York in March 2019.
For more on The Prevention Collaborative's work, see: http://prevention-collaborative.org/
BUILDing Multi-Sector Collaborations to Advance Community HealthPractical Playbook
The Practical Playbook
National Meeting 2016
www.practicalplaybook.org
Bringing Public Health and Primary Care Together: The Practical Playbook National Meeting was at the Hyatt Regency in Bethesda, MD, May 22 - 24, 2016. The meeting was a milestone event towards advancing robust collaborations that improve population health. Key stakeholders from across sectors – representing professional associations, community organizations, government agencies and academic institutions – and across the country came together at the National Meeting to help catalyze a national movement, accelerate collaborations by fostering skill development, and connect with like-minded individuals and organizations to facilitate the exchange of ideas to drive population health improvement.
The National Meeting was also a significant source of tools and resources to advance collaboration. These tools and resources are available below and include:
Session presentations and materials
Poster session content
Photos from the National Meeting
The conversation started at the National Meeting is continuing in a LinkedIn Group "Working Together for Population Health" and Twitter. Use #PPBMeeting to provide feedback on the National Meeting.
The Practical Playbook was developed by the de Beaumont Foundation, the Duke University School of Medicine Department of Community and Family Medicine, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Health Resources & Services Administration (HRSA).
John de Wit, (NCHSR) argues that strengthening HIV prevention approaches will benefit significantly from drawing on behaviour change science. This presentation was given at the AFAO/NAPWA Gay Men's HIV Health Promotion Conference in May 2012.
Health Impact Assessment: Healthier Places, Empowered PeoplePractical Playbook
The Practical Playbook
National Meeting 2016
www.practicalplaybook.org
Bringing Public Health and Primary Care Together: The Practical Playbook National Meeting was at the Hyatt Regency in Bethesda, MD, May 22 - 24, 2016. The meeting was a milestone event towards advancing robust collaborations that improve population health. Key stakeholders from across sectors – representing professional associations, community organizations, government agencies and academic institutions – and across the country came together at the National Meeting to help catalyze a national movement, accelerate collaborations by fostering skill development, and connect with like-minded individuals and organizations to facilitate the exchange of ideas to drive population health improvement.
The National Meeting was also a significant source of tools and resources to advance collaboration. These tools and resources are available below and include:
Session presentations and materials
Poster session content
Photos from the National Meeting
The conversation started at the National Meeting is continuing in a LinkedIn Group "Working Together for Population Health" and Twitter. Use #PPBMeeting to provide feedback on the National Meeting.
The Practical Playbook was developed by the de Beaumont Foundation, the Duke University School of Medicine Department of Community and Family Medicine, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Health Resources & Services Administration (HRSA).
Four different views of a policy model: an analysis and some suggestionsBruce Edmonds
A policy model has (at least) four different interpretations: (a) intention: the intention/interpretation of the simulation designer/programmer, (b) validation: the meaning established by the validation of the model in terms of the mapping(s) to sets of evidence, (c) use: the meaning established as a result of the use of a model in a policy making/advice context and (d) interpretation: the narrative interpretation of the policy maker/advisor when justifying decisions made where this refers to a policy model.
These four different interpretations are loosely connected via social processes. The relation between intention and validation is relatively well discussed in the context of “scientific” model specification and development. The relation between use and interpretation has been discussed in a number of specific contexts. However when and how a relationship between the scientific world of intention/validation and the policy world of use/interpretation are established in practice is an area with little active research.
Both personal experience and philosophical considerations suggest that these two worlds are very different in terms of both purpose and method. However this does not mean that there cannot be any well-founded connection between them. The key question is understanding the social processes of how this can happen, what are the conditions that facilitate it happening and what is the nature of the relationship between the four views when it does happen.
Interestingly these issues have been faced and extensively discussed in the field of Artificial Intelligence, which has confronted the distinction between meaning of internal models (loosely, the beliefs of an agent about its environment) in these four ways. The field of AI has not come up with a final solution to these problems, and is itself divided into those that inhabit separate approaches that adopt a subset of these approaches to model meaning. However it is suggestive of some ways forward, namely:
• a recognition of the problem that there are these different ways of attributing meaning to a policy model (and hence avoid some common errors derived from conflating these four views);
• symbol grounding in the sense of learning meanings through repeated use and adjustment (either in response to validation or interpretation views or both);
• and the observation of scientific-policy interaction as it actually occurs (e.g. an ethnographic study of scientist/policy advisor interaction).
Some developments in the area of participatory policy modelling can be seen as forays into this arena, albeit without structured assessment.
Presentation by David Hercot on how to do a policy delphi for retrospective policy analysis, presented at the Beijing Emerging Voices preconference 2012.
Graduate Orientation for Health Policy and Management DepartmentLuis Martinez
this is a presentation developed for the orientation at the School of Rural Public Health for the incoming students of the Health Policy and Management program
Today, new research has been released that examines attitudes towards the professional communication about suicide held by public relations and communication professionals in Australia.
this report forms part of a PhD and was supported by staff at the Hunter Institute of Mental Health working on the Mindframe National Media Initiative and the Public Relations Institute of Australia.
For more information about the research visit www.mindframe-media.info
Lori Heise from The Prevention Collaborative presents her work on cash transfers and intimate partner violence in low- and middle-income countries at our CSW63 side event in UN Women in New York in March 2019.
For more on The Prevention Collaborative's work, see: http://prevention-collaborative.org/
BUILDing Multi-Sector Collaborations to Advance Community HealthPractical Playbook
The Practical Playbook
National Meeting 2016
www.practicalplaybook.org
Bringing Public Health and Primary Care Together: The Practical Playbook National Meeting was at the Hyatt Regency in Bethesda, MD, May 22 - 24, 2016. The meeting was a milestone event towards advancing robust collaborations that improve population health. Key stakeholders from across sectors – representing professional associations, community organizations, government agencies and academic institutions – and across the country came together at the National Meeting to help catalyze a national movement, accelerate collaborations by fostering skill development, and connect with like-minded individuals and organizations to facilitate the exchange of ideas to drive population health improvement.
The National Meeting was also a significant source of tools and resources to advance collaboration. These tools and resources are available below and include:
Session presentations and materials
Poster session content
Photos from the National Meeting
The conversation started at the National Meeting is continuing in a LinkedIn Group "Working Together for Population Health" and Twitter. Use #PPBMeeting to provide feedback on the National Meeting.
The Practical Playbook was developed by the de Beaumont Foundation, the Duke University School of Medicine Department of Community and Family Medicine, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Health Resources & Services Administration (HRSA).
John de Wit, (NCHSR) argues that strengthening HIV prevention approaches will benefit significantly from drawing on behaviour change science. This presentation was given at the AFAO/NAPWA Gay Men's HIV Health Promotion Conference in May 2012.
Health Impact Assessment: Healthier Places, Empowered PeoplePractical Playbook
The Practical Playbook
National Meeting 2016
www.practicalplaybook.org
Bringing Public Health and Primary Care Together: The Practical Playbook National Meeting was at the Hyatt Regency in Bethesda, MD, May 22 - 24, 2016. The meeting was a milestone event towards advancing robust collaborations that improve population health. Key stakeholders from across sectors – representing professional associations, community organizations, government agencies and academic institutions – and across the country came together at the National Meeting to help catalyze a national movement, accelerate collaborations by fostering skill development, and connect with like-minded individuals and organizations to facilitate the exchange of ideas to drive population health improvement.
The National Meeting was also a significant source of tools and resources to advance collaboration. These tools and resources are available below and include:
Session presentations and materials
Poster session content
Photos from the National Meeting
The conversation started at the National Meeting is continuing in a LinkedIn Group "Working Together for Population Health" and Twitter. Use #PPBMeeting to provide feedback on the National Meeting.
The Practical Playbook was developed by the de Beaumont Foundation, the Duke University School of Medicine Department of Community and Family Medicine, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Health Resources & Services Administration (HRSA).
Four different views of a policy model: an analysis and some suggestionsBruce Edmonds
A policy model has (at least) four different interpretations: (a) intention: the intention/interpretation of the simulation designer/programmer, (b) validation: the meaning established by the validation of the model in terms of the mapping(s) to sets of evidence, (c) use: the meaning established as a result of the use of a model in a policy making/advice context and (d) interpretation: the narrative interpretation of the policy maker/advisor when justifying decisions made where this refers to a policy model.
These four different interpretations are loosely connected via social processes. The relation between intention and validation is relatively well discussed in the context of “scientific” model specification and development. The relation between use and interpretation has been discussed in a number of specific contexts. However when and how a relationship between the scientific world of intention/validation and the policy world of use/interpretation are established in practice is an area with little active research.
Both personal experience and philosophical considerations suggest that these two worlds are very different in terms of both purpose and method. However this does not mean that there cannot be any well-founded connection between them. The key question is understanding the social processes of how this can happen, what are the conditions that facilitate it happening and what is the nature of the relationship between the four views when it does happen.
Interestingly these issues have been faced and extensively discussed in the field of Artificial Intelligence, which has confronted the distinction between meaning of internal models (loosely, the beliefs of an agent about its environment) in these four ways. The field of AI has not come up with a final solution to these problems, and is itself divided into those that inhabit separate approaches that adopt a subset of these approaches to model meaning. However it is suggestive of some ways forward, namely:
• a recognition of the problem that there are these different ways of attributing meaning to a policy model (and hence avoid some common errors derived from conflating these four views);
• symbol grounding in the sense of learning meanings through repeated use and adjustment (either in response to validation or interpretation views or both);
• and the observation of scientific-policy interaction as it actually occurs (e.g. an ethnographic study of scientist/policy advisor interaction).
Some developments in the area of participatory policy modelling can be seen as forays into this arena, albeit without structured assessment.
Presentation by David Hercot on how to do a policy delphi for retrospective policy analysis, presented at the Beijing Emerging Voices preconference 2012.
Graduate Orientation for Health Policy and Management DepartmentLuis Martinez
this is a presentation developed for the orientation at the School of Rural Public Health for the incoming students of the Health Policy and Management program
Dr. Paul Halverson - Evidence-Based Policy Development in Public HealthJohn Blue
Evidence-Based Policy Development in Public Health - Dr. Paul Halverson, Founding Dean and Professor, Indiana University Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, from the 2013 NIAA Symposium Bridging the Gap Between Animal Health and Human Health, November 12-14, 2013, Kansas City, MO, USA.
More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2013-niaa-antibiotics-bridging-the-gap-animal-health-human-health
Medical Governance and Health Policy in the PhilippinesAlbert Domingo
An overview of key concepts and present trends in medical governance, health policy, and health sector reform in the Philippines, presented by Dr. Albert Domingo at the De La Salle Health Sciences Institute - College of Medicine on Sep. 26, 2013 for the subject "Perspectives in Medicine".
Includes the broad concept of medical governance as applied to various settings, from the point of care between provider and client/patient, to national and global health systems. Also touches on the practice of evidence-based healthcare as applied to the scale-up of innovations necessary to accelerate reform implementation, with grounding in the operational realities of implementation arrangements faced by sector managers on a day-to-day basis.
Suggested Citation:
Domingo, Albert Francis E. "Medical Governance, Health Policy, and Health Sector Reform in the Philippines: An Overview of Key Concepts and Present Trends." De La Salle Health Sciences Institute (DLSHSI). DLSHSI College of Medicine, Dasmarinas, Cavite. 26 Sep. 2013. Lecture.
Knowledge transfer, and evidence informed health policy-minster's meetingDr Ghaiath Hussein
A presentation given to the highest executive body in the Federal Ministry of Health in Sudan, which led to the adoption of a new evidence-based policy.
Evidence-Informed Public Health Decisions Made Easier: Take it one Step at a ...Health Evidence™
An afternoon workshop - held in partnership with the National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools - at the Ontario Public Health Convention April 7, 2011
Use of research to inform public policymakingLavis, John N;Francis.docxdickonsondorris
Use of research to inform public policymakingLavis, John N;Francisco Becerra Posada;Haines, Andy;Osei, Eric
The Lancet; Oct 30-Nov 5, 2004; 364, 9445; ProQuest Central
pg. 1615
SeriesI
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Reproduced
with
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Use of research to inform public policymaking
john N Lavis, Francisco Becerra Posada, Andy Haines, Eric Osei
To improve health and reduce health inequalities, public policymakers need to find the best solutions to the most burdensome health problems, the best ways to fit these solutions into complex and often overstretched and underresourced health systems, and the best ways to bring about the desired changes in health systems. Systematic reviews can inform public policymaking by providing research-based answers to these questions. Public policymakers can encourage more informed policymaking by asking to see systematic reviews on priority issues, commissioning reviews when none exists, and placing more value on such work in their deliberations and in their interactions with stakeholders. Donors and international agencies can encourage more informed public policymaking by supporting national and regional efforts to undertake reviews and assess their local applicability, and by supporting regional or worldwide efforts to coordinate review and assessment processes.
Lancet 2004; 364: 1615- 21
Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis, Department of Clinical
Epidemiology and Biostatistics,
and Department of Political Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
Uohn N Lavis MD); General Coordination for the National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Mexico
(Frtmcisco Becerra Posada MD);
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
Health ministers in low-income and middle-income
countries who take their responsibility to improve health and reduce health inequalities seriously face both many challenges and little support. Quite legitimately in many cases, ministers can criticise the health-research commu nity (especially funders), their political staff and civil servants, and others who seek to advise or influence them for not giving them what they need to be successful. Like clinicians, health ministers can benefit from high quality, locally applicable systematic reviews of research. Unlike clinicians, health ministers can turn to very few systematic reviews of the reports most relevant to them (ie, health systems research) and they cannot rely on advice about how to critically assess the local applicability of reviews.
In this report we describe the challenges tha t public policymakers (ie, health ministers, their political staff, and senior civil servants) face in answering three types of questions relevant to improving health and reducing health inequalities in their countries; outline an approach that public policymakers can use to critically assess the local applicability ...
Evidence for Public Health Decision MakingVineetha K
The presentation gives an overview of evidence based public health with emphasis on the seven steps of EBPH Framework. It also includes the data sources to search for evidence and relevant articles explaining the current trend in decision making. One of the sources of the presentation is from EBPH training series by Rocky Mountain foundation. The link is provided in the end slide. Do contact me if you need any help with the resources.
1
Methods and Statistical Analysis
Name xxx
United State University
Course xxx
Professor xxxx
Date xxx
The Evaluative Criteria
The process of analyzing a healthcare plan to see if it meets its goals takes some time. Because it promotes an evidence-based approach, assessment is crucial in practice consignment. Evaluation can be used to assess the effectiveness of the research. It helps determine what changes could be recommended to improve service delivery and the study's persuasiveness. An impact evaluation analyzes the intervention's direct and indirect, positive and negative, planned and unplanned consequences. If an evaluation fails to deliver fresh recognition regularly, it may result in inaccurate results and conclusions. A healthcare practitioner can utilize the indicators or variables to evaluate programs and determine whether they are legal or not (Dash et al., 2019). The variables are also used to assess if the mediation is on track to meet its objectives and obligations. Participation rates, prevalence, and individual behaviors are among the measures to be addressed.
Individual behaviors are actions taken by individuals to improve their health. People have been denied the assistance and resources they seek because of ethics and plans. In addition, different people have varied perspectives about pressure ulcers treatment. Relevance refers to how the study may contribute to a worthwhile cause (Li et al., 2019). Quality variables give statistics on the precariously rising service consignment while also attempting to provide information on the part of the care that may be changed. The participation rate refers to the total number of people participating in the study.
On the other hand, individuals may be unable to engage in the study due to a lack of cultural knowledge and ineffective consent processes. The overall number of persons in a population who have a health disease at a given time is referred to as prevalence (Li et al., 2019). Although prevalence shows the rate at which new facts arrive, it aids in determining the suitable, complete outcome-positive prestige of people.
Research Approaches
The word "research approaches" refers to techniques and procedures to draw general conclusions concerning data collection, analysis, and explanation methods. In my research, I'll employ both quantitative and qualitative methods. A qualitative research technique will reveal deterrents and hindrances to practicing change by rationalizing the reasons behind specific demeanors (Li et al., 2019). Qualitative research will collect and evaluate non-numerical data to comprehend perspectives or opinions. It will also be utilized to learn everything there is to know about a subject or to develop new research ideologies.
The quantitative method focuses on goal data and statistical or numerical analysis of data collected through a questionnaire. In the healthcare field, quantitative research may develop and execute new or enhanced work meas ...
Agenda SettingA key aspect of the policy process is agendacheryllwashburn
Agenda Setting
A key aspect of the policy process is agenda setting. How do topics get on that agenda? Agenda setting requires the support of stakeholders to move the issue forward. In this week's media presentation, Dr. Kathleen White outlines the policy process and discusses how to move issues into the policy arena through agenda setting. The ultimate goal is to gain the attention of leadership whether at the organizational, local, state, national, or international level.
To prepare:
Review this week’s media presentation, focusing on the insights shared by Dr. White and Dr. Stanley on agenda setting and identification of stakeholders.
Brainstorm clinical practice issues that you believe are worthy of being on your organization’s systematic agenda.
Who are the stakeholders who would be interested in this clinical practice issue?
By tomorrow 03/14/2018 3pm, write a minimum of 550 words in APA format with at least 3 scholarly references from the list of required readings below. Include the level one headings as numbered below”
Post
a cohesive response that addresses the following:
1) In the first line of your posting, identify the clinical practice issue you would like to see on your organization’s systematic agenda.
2) What strategies would you use to inform stakeholders and persuade them of the importance of your identified clinical practice issue?
Required Readings
Hyder, A., Syed, S., Puvanachandra, P., Bloom, G., Sundaram, S., Mahmood, S., ... Peters, D. (2010). Stakeholder analysis for health research: case studies from low- and middle-income countries. Public Health, 124(3), 159–166.
This study demonstrates how the engagement of stakeholders in research and policy making can assist in the successful implementation of policy proposals. The authors propose that by engaging stakeholders, researchers and policy makers are provided with multiple perspectives on proposed policies, which can lead to greater success with policy adoption and implementation.
Lavis, J. N., Permanand, G., Oxman, A. D., Lewin, S., & Fretheim, A. (2009). SUPPORT Tools for evidence-informed health Policymaking (STP) 13: Preparing and using policy briefs to support evidence-informed policymaking. Health Research Policy & Systems, 71–79. doi: 10.1186/1478-4505-7-S1-S13
The purpose of a policy brief is to communicate an issue clearly and definitively to policy makers. The authors of this article propose an outline for policy briefs and also stress the importance of using research when creating a policy brief.
Lowery, B. (2009). Obesity, bariatric nursing, and the policy process: The connecting points for patient advocacy. Bariatric Nursing & Surgical Patient Care, 4(2), 133–138.
This article provides an example of nurse involvement in policy making by examining a bariatric nursing issue. The author stresses that nurses, in their patient-advocacy role, have a responsibility to be involved in the health care ...
This PPT discusses informed consent, health literacy, plain language, and the general concepts for clear document design. It also discusses the legal & regulatory support for adopting clear, health-literate informed consent practices.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Using Evidence Based Public Health Policy to Prevent and Control Cancer
1. Using Evidence Based Public Health Policy to Prevent and Control Cancer Elizabeth Dodson May 19, 2011 ICC Annual Meeting, Indianapolis, IN
2. “Science can identify solutions to pressing public health problems, but only politics can turn most of those solutions into reality.” Thomas Oliver, PhD Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
3. Objectives Understand the definition of evidence-based policy Understand some important barriers and challenges Explore how to overcome some of these barriers Illustrate principles with recent research results
5. Definitions “those laws, regulations, formal and informal rules and understandings that are adopted on a collective basis to guide individual and collective behavior” Policies tend to influence the environment (legal, social, economic, and physical) Importance noted in the definitions of core functions of public health
6. At least 3 types of policy Formal laws, codes, regulations Clean indoor air policy Written standards that guide choices Engineering standards that guide street design Unwritten social norms Not ticketing for speeding 6-7 MPH above limit Harder to evaluate, often culturally driven
7. Policy potential How has health (or other) policy, today, already affected your life?
8. Top 10 public health achievements Examples Vaccination Motor-vehicle safety Safer workplaces Fluoridation of drinking water Recognition of tobacco use as a health hazard Each of these advances involved policy Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Ten great public health achievements--United States, 1900-1999. MMWR 1999 Apr 2;48(12):241-3
10. A simple definition of evidence-based public health “Evidence-based public health is the process of integrating science-based interventions with community preferences to improve the health of populations.” Kohatsu, et al. Am J Prev Med 2004.
13. Why worry about research & policy/practice? “… as the pressure on resources increases, decisions will have to be made explicitly and publicly, those who make decisions will need to be able to produce and describe the evidence on which each decision is based.” (Gray, 1997)
15. Three Fundamental Questions Is there a problem? Do we know how to fix it (intervention)? How much will it cost (financially, politically)? - What do all of these questions mean in the context of where we live and work?
17. Because what you told me is absolutely correct but completely useless Where am I? Yes, how did you know? You must be a researcher Because you don’t know where you are, you don’t know where you’re going, and now you’re blaming me The problem Yes. How did you know? You’re 30 yards above the ground in a balloon You must be a policy maker
18. What are we learning about translating evidence to policy?
19. Examples of Policy Translation Challenges Clash of cultures Poor timing Ambiguous findings Balancing objectivity and advocacy Lack of relevant data From Brownson et al. AJPM 2006
21. Primary Project Goal Increase the dissemination of evidence-based interventions to control cancer focusing on the uptake of effective environmental and policy approaches among state-level policymakers
51. What can you do to bridge the chasm between evidence and policy? Understand the process Find a way to be involved in the process Communicate information more effectively Utilize analytic tools Educate a range of “players” (staffers, advocates) Provide training and education programs
52. Understand the process Vast literature in social psychology suggests policymakers mainly rely on Habit, stereotypes, cultural norms Sender credibility Factors affecting receptivity of policymakers to info-bearers Transparency of methods Plausibility of analysis Experts’ credentials Perceived impartiality Perceived track record Perceived honesty
53. Understand the process Political context policy-making less a rational act than a process of social influence “policy windows open infrequently and do not stay open long” (Kingdon, 1995) important to understand which policy options have the greatest potential for adoption and when small incremental changes are the preferred option use of rhetoric, art of persuasion, and ability to relate to the media (so called media or policy advocacy)
54. Be involved in the process Five key areas predict health policy capacity in public health practice: 1) a well-organized agency including an effective organizational structure and central liaison responsibilities 2) talented staff 3) clear communications between the public health agency and policymakers 4) effective negotiation skills 5) active participation
55. Be involved in the process Consider a continuum of advocacy Raise general awareness Publish an article Present at a professional meeting Communicate findings to policymakers Develop short policy summaries Make data understandable to policymakers Actively lobby for a particular issue Conduct media advocacy
56. Communicate information more effectively “All politics is local.” The policy choices of elected officials are often designed to support their interest in being re-elected or re-appointed Agenda often don’t drive re-election, rather political parties Calculate statistics at the voting district or even precinct level than at the city level Make personal contact Break material down into bulleted or otherwise highlighted text (policy briefs) Use charts or graphs illustrating key points Explore the use of storytelling
57. Better utilize analytic tools (resources) Systematic reviews (like the Community Guide: www.thecommunityguide.org) Cost data Cost-effectiveness data Health impact assessments
58. Educate/advocate with a range of “players” For example, legislative staff members Gatekeepers and opinion shapers Often have a great deal of influence in forming the priorities of an elected official Build their knowledge and understanding of evidence-based approaches to policymaking Legislative staff seem to prefer longer, detailed reports Elected officials prefer short summaries Educate and engage the media
59. Provide training and education programs Most public health training programs focus on more analytic methods Yet lack more applied skills Look for models Many advocacy groups sponsor meeting and trainings to demonstrate the value of academic, industry, and government research Informal approaches may be even more effective One on one meetings What works in your own setting?
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61. To make progress it is important to understand barriers and all three domains of EB policy
62. Try to understand what is reasonable and potentially effective in your local situation
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64. Phase 2: Collaboration with Indiana State Public Health Department Overarching goal: Build capacity to design, implement, and evaluate evidence-based public health policy Indiana’s policy goals and PRC goal-specific activities Goal Comprehensive statewide smokefree air Goal Increase tobacco taxes Goal Complete Streets Goal Increase elementary school PE to 30 minutes/day Activities Create policy briefs for lobby day with Indiana Campaign for Smokefree Air ( ICSA) Working with Indiana Tobacco Prevention and Cessation (ITPC) to create and update several sets of briefs for local settings Activities Activities Working with health department to create policy briefs Activities Working with health department to create policy briefs Activities addressing all goals: 1. Evaluation of five-year health policy work plan 3. Baseline survey to assess: skills and competencies in EBPH, translating science to policy; communicating with media & policymakers/doing advocacy 4. MIYO training for health department 5. Creation/sharing of Netscan tool for partner use
65. Acknowledgements Acknowledgements Project Team Ross Brownson Matt Kreuter Debra Haire-Joshu Doug Luke Tim McBride Katie Stamatakis Mike Elliott Nora Geary Chris Casey Tim Poor Nikki Caito Chris Wintrode Stephanie Chalifour Funding National Cancer Institute Collaborator National Conference of State Legislatures
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Editor's Notes
See our chapter for notes on this
1. Clash of culturesLack of demand driven (practice-based), transdisciplinary research No mechanism to involve policymakers (as partners and/or collaborators) in research development and communicationPriorities often differ (health vs. roads vs. prisons)Poor timingResearch completion: years or decadesPolicy cycle: short and changingLuck (“Luck is what happens when preparation meets opportunity”)3. Ambiguous findingsConfidence intervals vs. point estimatesCaveats that come with presentation of research findings4. Balancing objectivity and advocacyRole of the practitioner(can be controversial)Affect health policy by:conducting researchcommenting on others’ researchserving on groups making recommendationsserving as expert witnesstestifying before governmental bodyworking with a coalition5. Lack of relevant dataPolicymakers often look for data thatshow public support for a particular issuedemonstrate priority for an issue over many othersshow relevance at the local (voting district) levelpersonalize an issue by telling a compelling story of how people’s lives are affected6.
Personal visits: both us and constituents
Remember that these are leadership of health committeesin state legislatures.