This document defines and provides examples of various poetry terms including poetic devices like alliteration, assonance, consonance, rhyme, enjambment, and imagery. It also discusses poetic forms such as the ballad, blank verse, sonnet, haiku, and limerick. Finally, it notes that not all poetry is difficult or emo, as poetry can also be witty and entertaining.
A phrase is a group of words that express a concept and is used as a unit within a sentence. Eight common types of phrases are: noun, verb, gerund, infinitive, appositive, participial, prepositional, and absolute.
A phrase is a group of words that express a concept and is used as a unit within a sentence. Eight common types of phrases are: noun, verb, gerund, infinitive, appositive, participial, prepositional, and absolute.
Sentence Types by Function
Compiled and presented by Belachew W/Gebriel
Jimma University
CSSH
Department of English language and Literature
What is a sentence?
A sentence is a group of words that makes sense.
A sentence expresses a complete thought.
A sentence begins with a capital letter and ends with appropriate terminal punctuation mark.
A sentence has at least one subject and one verb.
There are four types of sentences by function/meaning.
Declarative Sentence – statement
Interrogative Sentence - Question
Imperative Sentence – Command and Request
Exclamatory Sentence
Declarative sentence
A declarative sentence makes a statement.
It is punctuated by a period.
Examples: The concert begins in two hours.
Green is my favorite color.
Addis Ababa is the capital city of Ethiopia.
I love my country.
Dr. Abegaz is the founder of Cardiac Center.
True love never fades with time.
Interrogative Sentence
An interrogative sentence asks a question.
It ends in a question Mark(?)
An indirect question ends with a period(.)
There are four different types of interrogative sentences: Wh-questions, yes or no questions, alternative questions, tag questions
Types of Interrogative Sentences
Wh-Questions
Imperative Sentence
An imperative sentence gives an order or makes a polite request. Imperatives can also express good wish.
It ends with a period or exclamation mark (./!)
Example
Please lower your voice.
Meet me at the town square.
Would you close the door please?
Eat your lunch.
Have a good time at the picnic.
May you live long!
Exclamatory Sentence
An exclamatory sentence expresses strong feelings, great emotion or excitement.
It ends with exclamation mark.
Examples: Wow! That is great news!
The river is rising!
The house is on fire!
Oh, what a great job!
What an interesting story!
Practice Questions
Identify the sentence types.
What Kind of candy do you like?
Wow, you did great!
I love to watch old movies.
Go and bring me some paper.
Practice with key
What Kind of candy do you like?(Interrogative)
Wow, you did great! (Exclamatory)
I love to watch old movies. (Declarative)
Go and bring me some Paper. (Imperative)
Exercise
1) What a silly man!
2) You look so beautiful!
3) Two of my students were absent today.
4) Our math teacher is tall.
5) Watch carefully for pirate ships on the horizon.
6) The trains leaves tomorrow at noon.
7) Have you brushed your teeth today?
8) Stop talking so loudly!
Exercise
9. Shut the door please.
10. The train left an hour ago.
11. How old is your daughter?
12. Do not open the presents until the morning!
Sentence Types by Function
Compiled and presented by Belachew W/Gebriel
Jimma University
CSSH
Department of English language and Literature
What is a sentence?
A sentence is a group of words that makes sense.
A sentence expresses a complete thought.
A sentence begins with a capital letter and ends with appropriate terminal punctuation mark.
A sentence has at least one subject and one verb.
There are four types of sentences by function/meaning.
Declarative Sentence – statement
Interrogative Sentence - Question
Imperative Sentence – Command and Request
Exclamatory Sentence
Declarative sentence
A declarative sentence makes a statement.
It is punctuated by a period.
Examples: The concert begins in two hours.
Green is my favorite color.
Addis Ababa is the capital city of Ethiopia.
I love my country.
Dr. Abegaz is the founder of Cardiac Center.
True love never fades with time.
Interrogative Sentence
An interrogative sentence asks a question.
It ends in a question Mark(?)
An indirect question ends with a period(.)
There are four different types of interrogative sentences: Wh-questions, yes or no questions, alternative questions, tag questions
Types of Interrogative Sentences
Wh-Questions
Imperative Sentence
An imperative sentence gives an order or makes a polite request. Imperatives can also express good wish.
It ends with a period or exclamation mark (./!)
Example
Please lower your voice.
Meet me at the town square.
Would you close the door please?
Eat your lunch.
Have a good time at the picnic.
May you live long!
Exclamatory Sentence
An exclamatory sentence expresses strong feelings, great emotion or excitement.
It ends with exclamation mark.
Examples: Wow! That is great news!
The river is rising!
The house is on fire!
Oh, what a great job!
What an interesting story!
Practice Questions
Identify the sentence types.
What Kind of candy do you like?
Wow, you did great!
I love to watch old movies.
Go and bring me some paper.
Practice with key
What Kind of candy do you like?(Interrogative)
Wow, you did great! (Exclamatory)
I love to watch old movies. (Declarative)
Go and bring me some Paper. (Imperative)
Exercise
1) What a silly man!
2) You look so beautiful!
3) Two of my students were absent today.
4) Our math teacher is tall.
5) Watch carefully for pirate ships on the horizon.
6) The trains leaves tomorrow at noon.
7) Have you brushed your teeth today?
8) Stop talking so loudly!
Exercise
9. Shut the door please.
10. The train left an hour ago.
11. How old is your daughter?
12. Do not open the presents until the morning!
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2. the talk was supposed to be inspirational and seed conversations for the workshop.
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The talk was video-taped, and is accessible here: http://www.birs.ca/events/2016/5-day-workshops/16w5160/videos/watch/201605161034-Eladhari.html
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I have removed the clips, but the presentation still makes sense regardless.
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Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
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This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
3. ASSONANCE & CONSONANCE
• Definitions:
• Assonance: repetition of
vowel sounds in words
near one another
Example: It seems I keep
seeing memes!
• Consonance: repetition
of consonant sounds at
the end of words near
one another
Example: The dove
moved above the waves.
4. RHYME: END RHYME
• Definition: End rhyme is the most common form of
rhyme. The rhyming words end each line.
Example:
It runs through the reeds
And away it proceeds,
Through meadow and glade,
In sun and in shade.
5. RHYME: INTERNAL RHYME
• Definition: a rhyme involving a word in the middle of
a line and another at the end of the line or in the
middle of the next
Example:
“Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary,
Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore,
While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,
As of someone gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door. “
(“The Raven” by Edgar Allan Poe)
6. ENJAMBMENT
• Definition: The continuation of a phrase/sentence
beyond the end of a line of verse
Example:
“A thing of beauty is a joy forever:
Its loveliness increases; it will never
Pass into nothingness but still will keep
A bower quiet for us, and asleep
Full of sweet dreams, and health, and quiet breathing.”
(“Endymion” by John Keats)
7. FOOT
• Definition: The metrical unit by
which a line of poetry is
measured.
• Iambic foot: the more popular foot
used in poetry. This is one unstressed
syllable followed by one stressed
syllable such as in the word “away.”
• Trochaic foot: the less common foot
found in poetry. One stressed
syllable followed by one unstressed
foot such as in the word “lovely.”
8. METER
• Definition: When a rhythmic pattern of stresses
recurs in a poem
• Metrical patterns are determined by the type and
number of feet in a line of verse.
10. IMAGERY
• Definition: an appeal to the senses (you can see it, hear it, feel it,
taste it, smell it)
Example: This is an excerpt from “Preludes,” an imagery poem by T. S. Eliot. You can
almost see and hear the horse steaming and stamping and smell the steaks:
The winter evening settles down
With smell of steaks in passageways.
Six o'clock.
The burnt-out ends of smoky days.
And now a gusty shower wraps
The grimy scraps
Of withered leaves about your feet
And newspapers from vacant lots;
The showers beat
On broken blinds and chimney-pots,
And at the corner of the street
A lonely cab-horse steams and stamps.
And then the lighting of the lamps.
11. METAPHOR
• Definition: Metaphor A metaphor is a figure of
speech that makes a comparison between two
unlike things, without using the word like or as.
15. STANZA
• Definition: In poetry, stanza refers to a grouping of
lines, set off by a space, that usually has a set
pattern of meter and rhyme. (A “paragraph” of
poetry)
• Two line stanza: couplet
• Three line stanza: tercet
• Four line stanza: quatrain
• Five line stanza: cinquain/quintain/quintet
• Six line stanza: sextet/sixain/hexastich/sestet
• Seven line stanza: septet
• Eight line stanza: octave/octet
16. KINDS OF POETRY: CONCRETE
• Concrete Poem: the poem looks like its subject
Example:
17. KINDS OF POETRY: DIAMANTE
• Definition: a single unrhymed and untitled stanza
with a visual structure shaped like a
diamond
18. KINDS OF POETRY
• Ballad: A form of narrative poetry(tells a story)
• Blank Verse: unrhymed iambic pentameter
• Epic: A long narrative poem, told in a formal,
elevated style, that focuses on a serious subject
and chronicles heroic deeds and events important
to a culture or nation.
• Free Verse: poetry that is written without proper
rules about form, rhyme, rhythm, and meter.
19. KINDS OF POETRY
• Lyric poetry: A type of brief poem that expresses the
personal emotions and thoughts of a single speaker
(Other kinds of poetry can come in lyrical form. For
example, a lyrical haiku, a lyrical ode, a lyrical elegy,
etc…)
Elegy: A mournful, contemplative lyric poem written
to commemorate someone who is dead
Ode: A lyrical poem that addresses a particular
subject
20. KINDS OF POETRY: HAIKU
• Definition: A Japanese form of poetry written in
three lines with the syllables 5-7-5.
21. LIMERICK
• Definition: a humorous, frequently bawdy, verse of
three long and two short lines rhyming aabba
22. SONNET
• Definition: A fixed form of lyric poetry that consists of
fourteen lines, usually written in iambic pentameter.
• Italian Sonnet
• abba abba (the remaining six lines are flexible c,d,e)
• Shakespearean (or English) sonnet
• abab cdcd efef gg