The document describes different types of poetry including lyric poetry such as sonnets, odes, and elegies. It also discusses narrative poetry genres like epics and ballads. Additionally, it covers dramatic poetry forms such as dramatic monologues, soliloquies, and orations. Specific poetry styles like haiku, cinquain, name poems, and free verse are also defined. In the second part, key terms are matched to their poetic genre descriptions.
2. The Elements of Drama
The elements of drama, by which dramatic works can be analyzed and evaluated, can be categorized into three major areas:
- literary element
- technical Element
- performance element
3. Aristotle’s Six Elements of Drama--Literary Elements--
4. plot
5. theme
6. character
7. dialogue
8. music/rythm and spectacle
9. Elements of Drama in The Modern Theater
--Literary Elements--
10. convention, genre, audience
11. --Technical Elements--
12. scenery set, costume and properties
13. light, sound and make up
14. --Performance Elements--
15. acting, character motivation, character analysis and empathy
17. conclusion
These tips will help you make an important transition:
away from writing poetry to celebrate, commemorate, or capture your own feelings (in which case you, the poet, are the center of the poem’s universe)
towards writing poetry in order to generate feelings in your reader (in which case the poem exists entirely to serve the reader).
2. The Elements of Drama
The elements of drama, by which dramatic works can be analyzed and evaluated, can be categorized into three major areas:
- literary element
- technical Element
- performance element
3. Aristotle’s Six Elements of Drama--Literary Elements--
4. plot
5. theme
6. character
7. dialogue
8. music/rythm and spectacle
9. Elements of Drama in The Modern Theater
--Literary Elements--
10. convention, genre, audience
11. --Technical Elements--
12. scenery set, costume and properties
13. light, sound and make up
14. --Performance Elements--
15. acting, character motivation, character analysis and empathy
17. conclusion
These tips will help you make an important transition:
away from writing poetry to celebrate, commemorate, or capture your own feelings (in which case you, the poet, are the center of the poem’s universe)
towards writing poetry in order to generate feelings in your reader (in which case the poem exists entirely to serve the reader).
Classifications of Poetry
I. Narrative Poems.
1. Tells a story. (Series of events.)
A. Ballad
1.) very short story
2.) folk product – regular people
3.) simple plot and language
4.) has dialogue
B. Metrical Tale
1.) short story in verse
2.) more descriptions
3.) poet expresses attitudes and opinions
C. Epic
1.) extremely long. (Novel length story in verse.)
2.) about national heroes, kings, great warriors, etc.
3.) elevated tone, lofty style. Language is highly poetic.
II. Lyric Poems.
1. Expresses an emotion. Does not tell a story.
2. Shares a moment – does not explain it.
3. Keys to understand – refer to “Understanding Traditional Poetry.”
a.) Logical content – what the writing actually says.
b.) Emotive content – feeling the writing produces.
A. Reflective Lyric: 99% of school poems fall in this category!!!
1.) Emotional response through recall/ reflection (past tense.)
2.) Usually calm
B. Elegy:
1.) Expresses grief at death.
2.) Usually dignified.
3.) Formal language and structure.
C. Ode:
1.) Any sustained lyric poem of exalted theme.
2.) Often commemorating some important event.
3.) Dignified formal language / irregular structure
D. Sonnet:
1.) Dignified subject matter
2.) FIXED FORM !
a.) Italian (Petrarchan)
abba
abba
cdc, cdc or cdcdcd
b.) English (Shakespearean)
abab
cdcd
efef
gg
III. Dramatic Poetry.
A. Dramatic Narrative: Tells a story by the person involved.
B. Dramatic Monologue: One speaking to others on stage. They listen, character speaks.
C. Soliloquy: One character on stage speaking alone (to himself.)
References:
www.poetrysoups.com
www.allpoetry.com
www.wisegeek.org
www.yourdictionary.com
www.bartleby.com
www.olypen.com
www.goole.com
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
3. LYRIC POETRY
•is a short poem which has the characteristics of
a song. It pertains to a single mood or feeling
and is more personal in nature.
4. • Example: “The Pains of Sleep” by Samuel Taylor
Coleridge
“ERE on my bed my limbs I lay,
It hath not been my use to pray
With moving lips or bended knees;
But silently, by slow degrees,
My spirit I to Love compose,
In humble trust mine eye-lids close,
With reverential resignation,
No wish conceived, no thought exprest,
Only a sense of supplication.”
5. SONNET
The word sonnet is derived from the Italian word “sonetto,”
which means a “little song” or small lyric. In poetry, a sonnet has
14 lines, and is written in iambic pentameter. Each line has 10
syllables. It has a specific rhyme scheme, and a volta, or a
specific turn. Generally, sonnets are divided into different groups
based on the rhyme scheme they follow. The rhymes of a sonnet
are arranged according to a certain rhyme scheme.
6. Sonnet 29: When, in disgrace with fortune and men’s eyes
BY WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE
When, in disgrace with fortune and men’s eyes,
I all alone beweep my outcast state,
And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries,
And look upon myself and curse my fate,
Wishing me like to one more rich in hope,
Featured like him, like him with friends possessed,
Desiring this man’s art and that man’s scope,
With what I most enjoy contented least;
Yet in these thoughts myself almost despising,
Haply I think on thee, and then my state,
(Like to the lark at break of day arising
From sullen earth) sings hymns at heaven’s gate;
For thy sweet love remembered such wealth brings
That then I scorn to change my state with kings.
7. ELEGY
An elegy is a mournful poem, usually written in
remembrance of a lost one for a funeral or as a lament.
An elegy tells the traffic story of an individual, or an
individual’s loss, rather than the collective story of a
people, which can be found in epic poetry. An elegy
generally combines three stages of loss: first there is
grief, then praise of the dead one, and finally
consolation.
8. O Captain! my Captain! our fearful trip is done,
The ship has weather’d every rack, the prize we sought is won,
The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting,
While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring;
But O heart! heart! heart!
O the bleeding drops of red,
Where on the deck my Captain lies,
Fallen cold and dead.
(“O Captain! My Captain!” by Walt Whitman, 1891)
The famous poem “O Captain! My Captain” is an elegy
that Walt Whitman wrote for Abraham Lincoln. Whitman brilliantly combines a sense of loss,
praise, and solace all in this first stanza of the poem. The solace and praise comes from the
fact that every prize has been one and the people are “all exulting,” yet the hard truth of the
matter is that Lincoln has “fallen cold and dead.”
9. ODE
Ode is a literary technique that is lyrical in nature, but not
very lengthy. You have often read odes in which poets praise
people, natural scenes, and abstract ideas. Ode is derived
from a Greek word aeidein, which means to chant or sing. It
is highly solemn and serious in its tone and subject matter,
and usually is used with elaborate patterns of stanzas.
However, the tone is often formal. A salient feature of ode is
its uniform metrical feet, but poets generally do not strictly
follow this rule though use highly elevated theme.
10. Ode to Spring (By Thomas Gray)
“The untaught harmony of spring …
Still is the toiling hand of Care:
The panting herds repose:
Yet hark, how thro’ the peopled air
The busy murmur glows!
Some lightly o’er the current skim,
Some show their gaily-gilded trim
Quick-glancing to the sun.”
This is another good example of an ode. The speaker is
talking about the spring season, and praises its beauty,
expressing lofty and noble sentiments about it.
12. NARRATIVE
A narrative poem in literature is a poem which tells a story.
It has a full storyline with all the elements of a traditional
story. These elements include characters, plot, conflict and
resolution, setting and action. Although a narrative poem
does not need a rhyming pattern, it is a metered poem with
clear objectives to reach a specific audience. These poems
have been borrowed from oral poetic narratives from
different cultures. Narrative poems include old epics, lays
and ballads.
13. EPIC
• This is a long and narrative poem that
normally tells a story about a hero or an
adventure.
• Epics can be oral stories or can be poems in
written form.
• 1. Popular or ancient poetry is usually
without definite author and slow in the
development.
• 2. Modern epic poetry has a definite author.
14. •Beowulf by Anonymous - This is an Old
English language heroic epic poem of
anonymous authorship, dating as recorded
in the Nowell Codex manuscript from
between the 8th to the 11th century and
relates events described as having
occurred in what is now Denmark and
Sweden.
15. BALLAD
A ballad is a type of poem that is
sometimes set to music. Ballads have a
long history and are found in many
cultures. The ballad actually began as a folk
song and continues today in popular music.
Many love songs today can be considered
ballads.
16. THE BALLAD OF THE OYSTERMAN
Oliver Wendell Holmes
IT was a tall young oysterman lived by the river-side,
His shop was just upon the bank, his boat was on the tide;
The daughter of a fisherman, that was so straight and slim,
Lived over on the other bank, right opposite to him.
It was the pensive oysterman that saw a lovely maid,
Upon a moonlight evening, a-sitting in the shade;
He saw her wave her handkerchief, as much as if to say,
"I'm wide awake, young oysterman, and all the folks away."
Then up arose the oysterman, and to himself said he,
"I guess I'll leave the skiff at home, for fear that folks should
see;
I read it in a story-book, that, for to kiss his dear,
Leander swam the Hellespont,--and I will swim this here."
…
17. SOCIAL POEM
This is either purely comic or tragic and
pictures the life of today. It may aim to
bring changes in social conditions.
18. • Drama on Social Media
With every passing day
and every passing hour
world comes closer,
globe contracts
with silvery lustre
of social media.
Some, call this media
a social monster,
others, addicted badly,
few, known for moderate use
for purpose and reason.
It is the platform of continuous drama
of uniting friends and foes,
art and the artists,
leaders and the bidders,
entertainers and commoners,
gossipers and chatters.
….
20. DRAMATIC POETRY
•Has elements related closely to the
drama. It uses a dramatic technique
and may unfold a story. It emphasize
the character rather than the
narrative.
21. DRAMATIC MONOLOGUE
Dramatic monologue means self-conversation,
speech or talks which includes interlocutor
presented dramatically. It means a person, who is
speaking to himself or someone else speaks to reveal
specific intentions of his actions. However, in
literature, it is a poetic form or a poem that presents
the speech or conversation of a person in a dramatic
manner.
22. “Lady Lazarus” by Sylvia Plath
I have done it again.
One year in every ten
I manage it—
A sort of walking miracle, my skin
Bright as a Nazi lampshade,
My right foot
A paperweight,
My face a featureless, fine
Jew linen.
This extract is from the famous monologue of Sylvia Plath’s “Lady
Lazarus.” It also highlights her psychological state of mind about her act
of committing suicide and subsequent failure. She has likened this act to
the Holocaust to create her own powerful monologue.
23. SOLILOQUY
A soliloquy is a popular literary device often used in
drama to reveal the innermost thoughts of a character. It
is a great technique used to convey the progress of
action of the play, by means of expressing a character’s
thoughts about a certain character or past, present, or
upcoming event, while talking to himself without
acknowledging the presence of any other person.
24. Romeo and Juliet (By William Shakespeare)
“O Romeo, Romeo! Wherefore art thou
Romeo?
Deny thy father and refuse thy name;
Or, if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love,
And I’ll no longer be a Capulet.”
Juliet was thinking aloud about the
traditional enmity
between Romeo’s clan and her family,
expressing her
hopelessness about the success of their
love.
25. CHARACTER SKETCH
In a character sketch, you are letting the reader know
many things about the character in a few lines of poetry or,
as in a story, in a paragraph or two. It is like drawing a
quick pencil sketch rather than doing a full portrait. The
reader should get a general idea about the nature of this
person, and know something about how they look and
how they live in the world.
26. he is dressed in army surplus
–a wrinkled gray-green canvas hat
holds down his wiry salt and pepper hair
he moves in small quick jerks
wary of the watching people
he stuffs his jacket and khaki shorts
with tooth-picked cubes of holiday ham
27. ORATION
• This is a formal address elevated in tone and
usually delivered on some notable occasion.
• An oration is a speech delivered in a formal
and dignified manner. A skilled public
speaker is known as an orator. The art of
delivering speeches is called oratory.
28. (from Julius Caesar, spoken by Marc Antony)
Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your
ears;
I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him.
The evil that men do lives after them;
The good is oft interred with their bones;
So let it be with Caesar. The noble Brutus
Hath told you Caesar was ambitious:
If it were so, it was a grievous fault,
And grievously hath Caesar answer’d it.
…
30. HAIKU
Haiku, unrhymed poetic form consisting of 17 syllables
arranged in three lines of 5, 7, and 5 syllables
respectively. The haiku first emerged in Japanese
literature during the 17th century, as a terse reaction to
elaborate poetic traditions, though it did not become
known by the name haiku until the 19th century.
31. • The best-known Japanese haiku is Bashō's "old
pond":
fu-ru-i-ke ya (5)
ka-wa-zu to-bi-ko-mu (7)
mi-zu no o-to (5)
Translated
old pond . . .
a frog leaps in
water’s sound
32. CINQUAIN
A cinquain poem is a verse of five lines that do not rhyme. The
cinquain poem was created by Adelaide Crapsey.
• What is the structure of a cinquain?
A cinquain consists of five unrhymed lines.
Each line has a set number of syllables see below:
Line 1: 2 syllables
Line 2: 4 syllables
Line 3: 6 syllables
Line 4: 8 syllables
Line 5: 2 syllables
33. • An example of a Cinquain Poem
My mum (2 syllables)
Is so caring (4 syllables)
She is always helpful (6 syllables)
She is so beautiful and kind (8
syllables)
Love you. (2 syllables)
34. NAME POEM
• A special type of poetry belong to descriptive
poetry that use an adjective to describe a
person that begins with each letter of that
person's name.
35. • Taylor
Taylor likes each sentiment to be
Appropriate to its own time and place.
Years may roll like waves across her
shore,
Leaving none of what there was before,
Obliterating every sign of grace.
Reason not, says Taylor, with the sea!
36. FREE VERSE
Free verse is a literary device that can be defined as poetry that
is free from limitations of regular meter or rhythm, and does
not rhyme with fixed forms. Such poems are without rhythm
and rhyme schemes, do not follow regular rhyme scheme rules,
yet still provide artistic expression. In this way, the poet can
give his own shape to a poem however he or she desires.
However, it still allows poets to use alliteration, rhyme,
cadences, and rhythms to get the effects that they consider are
suitable for the piece.
37. Features of Free Verse
• Free verse poems have no regular meter or rhythm.
• They do not follow a proper rhyme scheme; these
poems do not have any set rules.
• This type of poem is based on normal pauses and
natural rhythmical phrases, as compared to the
artificial constraints of normal poetry.
• It is also called vers libre, which is a French word
meaning “free verse.”
38. Example #1: A Noiseless Patient Spider (By Walt Whitman)
“A noiseless patient spider,
I mark’d where on a little promontory it stood isolated,
Mark’d how to explore the vacant vast surrounding,
It launch’d forth filament, filament, filament, out of itself,
Ever unreeling them, ever tirelessly speeding them.
And you O my soul where you stand,
Surrounded, detached, in measureless oceans of space…
Till the bridge you will need be form’d, till the ductile anchor hold,
Till the gossamer thread you fling catch somewhere, O my soul.”
39.
40. IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF POETRY DESCRIBED.
__________1. Letting the reader know many things about the character in a
few lines of poetry.
__________2. A special type of poetry belong to descriptive poetry that use an
adjective to describe a person that begins with each letter of that person's
name.
__________3. Unrhymed poetic form consisting of 17 syllables arranged in
three lines of 5, 7, and 5 syllables respectively.
__________4. It means a person, who is speaking to himself or someone else
speaks to reveal specific intentions of his actions.
__________5. This is a long and narrative poem that normally tells a story
about a hero or an adventure.
41. __________6. It has 14 lines, and is written in iambic pentameter. Each line
has 10 syllables.
_________7. It is often used in drama to reveal the innermost thoughts of a
character.
_________8. This is either purely comic or tragic and pictures the life of
today. It may aim to bring changes in social conditions.
_________9. It is a mournful poem, usually written in remembrance of a
lost one for a funeral or as a lament.
_________10. Such poems are without rhythm and rhyme schemes, do not
follow regular rhyme scheme rules, yet still provide artistic expression.
42.
43. IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF POETRY DESCRIBED.
1. Letting the reader know many things about the character in a few lines of
poetry. Character Sketch
2. A special type of poetry belong to descriptive poetry that use an adjective
to describe a person that begins with each letter of that person's name. Name
poem
3. Unrhymed poetic form consisting of 17 syllables arranged in three lines of
5, 7, and 5 syllables respectively. Haiku
4. It means a person, who is speaking to himself or someone else speaks to
reveal specific intentions of his actions. Dramatic monologue
5. This is a long and narrative poem that normally tells a story about a hero or
an adventure. Epic
44. 6. It has 14 lines, and is written in iambic pentameter. Each line has 10
syllables. Sonnet
7. It is often used in drama to reveal the innermost thoughts of a character.
Soliloquy
8. This is either purely comic or tragic and pictures the life of today. It may
aim to bring changes in social conditions. Social poem
9. It is a mournful poem, usually written in remembrance of a lost one for a
funeral or as a lament. Elegy
10. Such poems are without rhythm and rhyme schemes, do not follow
regular rhyme scheme rules, yet still provide artistic expression. Free
Verse