The document discusses pneumatic structures, which are buildings stabilized by compressed air pressure rather than rigid frames. It describes three main types - air supported, air inflated, and hybrid structures. It provides details on air supported structures, which have air pressure higher than atmospheric pressure to support the envelope. An example is given of the United States Pavilion at Expo 67, which had a 30-story high air-filled "pumpkin" serving as the roof. The document outlines some history of pneumatic structures and discusses construction materials, advantages like lower costs, and disadvantages like needing continuous fan operation.

1. PNEUMATIC
STRUCTURES
INTRUDUCTION , TYPES ,HISTORY,CONSTRUCTION DETATIL
,BUILDING MATERIALS , ADVANTAGES /DISADVANTAGES ,
ASPECT RATIO.
SUBMITTED BY:-
Rahul Verma 75166027
Shyshant 75166031
SUBMITTED TO:-
AR. Gurdeep Singh

2. INTRODUCTION
• Membrane structures that are stabilized by pressure of compressed
air.
• Pressure difference between the enclosed space and the exterior
are responsible for giving the building its shape and its stability.
• The pressure should be uniformly distributed for structural integrity.
• TYPES
• Air Supported structures
• Air inflated structures.
• Hybrid structures.

3. AIR SUPPORTED STRUCTURES
• They HAVE AIR HIGHER THAN THE ATMOSHPHERIC PRESSURE
SUPPORTING THE ENVELOPE.
• Air locks or revolving doors help to maintain the internal
pressure.

4. UNITED STATES PAVILION
Air Supported Structures
• They have air higher than the
atmospheric pressure supporting
the envelope.
• Air locks or revolving
doors help to maintain the
internal pressure.
• Air must be constantly
provided.
• Life span of 20 – 25 years.

5. MODEL DETAILS
• UNITED STATES PAVILION
• The united states pavilion would be the world’s first air
filled structure.
• The architecture firm Davis Brody presented a design,
which consisted of a 30story high.
• Air filled pumpkin to serve as the roof of the pavilion.
• The original idea was to project images and video to the
inner surface.
• The David Geiger was a brilliant man born in 1935. in
Philadelphia,

7. HISTORY
• THE CONCEPT OF PNEUMATIC STRUCTURES WERE
DEVELOPED DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HOT AIR
BALLONS.
• DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR, AFTER THE INVENTION
OF NYLON THESE STRUCTURES WERE WIDELY USED IN MILI

8. Air pressure
• The interior air pressure required for air-supported structures
is not as much as most people expect and certainly not
discernible when inside.
• The amount of pressure required is a function of the weight of
the material - and the building systems suspended on it
(lighting, ventilation, etc.) - and wind pressure. Yet it only
amounts to a small fraction of atmospheric pressure.
• Internal pressure is commonly measured in inches of
water, inAq, and varies fractionally from 0.3 inAq for minimal
inflation to 3 inAq for maximum, with 1 inAq being a standard
pressurization level for normal operating conditions.
• In terms of the more common pounds per square inch, 1 inAq
equates to a mere 0.037 psi (2.54 mBar, 254 Pa)

9. Materials:-
• The materials used for air-supported structures are similar to
those used in tensile structures, namely synthetic fabrics such
as fibreglassand polyester.
• In order to prevent deterioration from moisture
and ultraviolet radiation, these materials are coated with
polymers such as PVC and Teflon.
• Depending on use and location, the structure may have inner
linings made of lighter materials for insulation or acoustics.
• Materials used in modern air supported structures are usually
translucent, therefore the use of lighting system inside the
structure is not required during the daytime

10. Advantages:
• Can be engineered to attach to a pre-existing structure[5]
• Considerably lower initial cost than conventional buildings
• Lower operating costs due to simplicity of design (wholly air-
supported structures only)
• Easy and quick to set up, dismantle, and relocate (wholly air-
supported structures only)[6]
• Unobstructed open interior space, since there is no need for
columns
• Able to cover almost any project
• Custom fabric colors and sizes, including translucent fabric, allowing
natural sunlight in

11. Disadvantages:
• Continuous operation of fans to maintain pressure, often
requiring redundancy or emergency power supply.
• Dome collapses when pressure lost or fabric
compromised
• Cannot reach the insulation values of hard-walled
structures, increasing heating and cooling costs
• Limited load-carrying capacity
• Conventional buildings have longer lifespan