Plumbing

1. PLUMBING
INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL ARTS
PREPARED BY: ENGR. RANIEL J. OJANOLA, LPT

2. PLUMBING
Plumbing the art and technique of installing pipes, fixtures,
and other apparatuses in buildings for bringing in the supply
of liquids, substances and/or ingredients and removing
them; and such water, liquid and other carried-wastes
hazardous to health, sanitation, life and property pipes and
fixtures after installation., the 'plumbing system'. (Section
217.6 The Revised National Plumbing Code of the
Philippines 1999)

3. PLUMBING SYSTEM
Plumbing System includes all potable water supply and
distribution pipes, all plumbing fixtures and traps; all
sanitary and storm drainage systems; vent pipes, roof
drains, leaders and downspouts; and all building drains and
sewers, including their respective joints and connections;
devices, receptacles, and appurtenances within the
property; water lines in the premises; potable, tap, hot and
chilled water piping; potable water treating or using
equipment; fuel gas piping; water heaters and vents for
same. (Section 217.12 NPC 1999)

4. Pluming Systems:
1. The water supply and water distribution system
◦ Carries water from the water source, street main or a pump to the building and to
various points in the building at which water is used.
2. The plumbing fixtures
◦ The receptacles that receive the supplied water and allow the occupants of the
building to use the water.
3. The drainage system
◦ The piping network within the building which conveys from the plumbing fixtures all
wastes and fecal matter (sanitary drainage) as well as rainwater (storm drainage) to a
point of disposal or a treatment facility.

5. THE PLUMBER
The plumber is the one who works or
engages in the business of installing in
buildings the pipes fixtures and other
apparatus for bringing in the water
supply and removing liquid and
waterborne wastes.

6. THE PLUMBER
There are three categories of plumbers based upon their graces of experiences.
They are:
1. Apprentice plumber- a beginner at the trade who usually serves for 3 to 5 years
as helper to a journey man.
2. Journeyman plumber- has served his apprenticeship and is competent to perform
the tasks of installing and repairing plumbing.
3. Master plumber- a person technically and legally qualified and licensed to
practice the profession of master plumbing without limitations in accordance with
Republic Act 1378, having passed the examinations conducted by the Professional
Regulation Commission (PRC), has received a certificate of registration from the
board of master plumbing and possesses the current license to practice. (Section
214.5 NPC 200)

7. PLUMBING
Plumbing refers to the system as well as the material
fixtures and the apparatus used inside a building for
supplying water, removing the used water with other liquid
and water-borne wastes as well as the connected ventilating
system.

8. PLUMBING HAZARDS
Plumbing work involves several hazards that can pose risks to the health and safety of
those involved in the installation, maintenance, and repair of plumbing systems.
1. Exposure to chemicals and hazardous substances
2. Electrical hazards
3. Slips, trips, and falls
4. Exposure to sewage and other waste
5. Burns and scalds
6. Musculoskeletal injuries

9. SAFETY GUIDELINES
Plumbing work involves several hazards that can pose risks to the health and safety
of those involved in the installation, maintenance, and repair of plumbing systems.
1. Wear protective gear 5. Use proper ventilation
2. Turn off the water supply 6. Keep the area clean
3. Use the right tools 7. Use caution with chemicals
4. Follow building codes 8. Seek professional help

10. A. WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
It is responsible for providing clean, safe water to the plumbing system.
Roles of Water Supply System:
1. Providing Clean Water
2. Maintaining Water Pressure
3. Preventing Water Contamination
4. Shutting off water Supply
5. Regulating water pressure
6. Monitoring water usage

11. B. DRAINAGE SYSTEM
It is responsible for removing wastewater from the plumbing system.
Roles of drainage System:
1. Removing Waste Water
2. Preventing backups
3. Maintaining cleanliness
4. Preventing contamination
5. Transporting wastewater
6. Removing gases

12. C. VENTILATION SYSTEM
plays a crucial role in maintaining proper pressure and preventing the buildup
of hazardous gases such as sewer gas.
Roles of VENTILATION System:
1. Removal of sewer gas
2. Maintaining pressure
3. Preventing backflow
4. Removing moisture
5. Improving indoor air quality

13. OBJECTIVE OF PLUMBING
1. To supply water to the different parts of the
building.
2. To remove and discharge human wastes and
other substances out of the building into the
public sewer or sewer tank.

14. CONDITIONS FOR EFFECTIVE
WATER SUPPLY
1. To provide sufficient amount of water supply
to each fixture
2. To prevent backflow of used water into the
water supply system.

15. COMMON TERMINOLOGIES
1. Sewer - an underground tunnel that carries off the
drainage and waste matter from a house or town.
2. Sewerage - the system of sewers or drainage of a town.
3. Fixtures - any of the fixed plumbing items in a household
or building such as lavatories, shows, bathtubs, etc.

16. COMMON TERMINOLOGIES
4. Trap - is a fitting or device so designed as to provide when
properly vented a liquid seal that will prevent the backflow or
passage of air without materially affecting the flow of sewerage
through it.
5. Septic Tank - is a concrete structure under the ground level
designed to hold and deposit solid and liquid waste of a building.
6. Check Valve - a type of backflow preventer installed on a pipe so
that the water is allowed to flow on one direction only.

17. PLUMBING TOOLS AND
MATERIALS
TOOLS AND MATERIALS PICTURE FUNCTION
PIPE WRENCH Type of tools used for loosening and
tightening pipes.
ADJUSTABLE WRENCH Is used to tighten or loosen hexagonal
fittings.
PIPE VISE Used in holding pipes for cutting and
threading.

18. PLUMBING TOOLS AND
MATERIALS
TOOLS AND MATERIALS PICTURE FUNCTION
PIPE THREADER Tools used in making teeth on pipes
TUBE/PIPE CUTTER This is wrench and blade setting used to cut
metal tubes and pipes. The head is generally
adjustable according to the width of the
tube or pipe
BASIN WRENCH Used for tightening and loosening nuts on
faucets and other plumbing fixtures in tight
spaces

19. PLUMBING TOOLS AND
MATERIALS
TOOLS AND MATERIALS PICTURE FUNCTION
VISE GRIP Used to temporarilyu hold objects
BENCH VISE A mechanical apparatus used to secure an
object that is to be worked on.
HACKSAW Used for cutting metal pipes

20. PLUMBING TOOLS AND
MATERIALS
TOOLS AND MATERIALS PICTURE FUNCTION
TEFLON TAPE
(PTFE tape)
Used for creating a watertight seal on
threaded pipe connection
PLUNGER Used for clearing clogs in drains and toilets
AUGER OR PLUMBER SNAKE Also known as a plumber snake, it is used for
clearing stubborn clogs in drains

21. TYPES OF PIPES
1. PVC PIPE (Poly Vinyl Chloride)
This is the most common pipe for plumbing system. is a plastic
material that is lightweight, affordable, and easy to install. It is
commonly used for drain, waste, and vent (DWV) systems, as well
as cold water supply lines.
2. PVC-U (Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride)
This are pipes are a type of plastic pipe made from rigid PVC that
does not contain plasticizers, which makes them stronger and
more durable than flexible PVC pipes. They are widely used in
both residential and commercial applications for water supply,
drainage, and sewage systems. is the most common PVC type for
pipes and fittings.

22. TYPES OF PIPES
3. PVC-O (Oriented Polyvinyl Chloride)
This are pipes that is an excellent choice for
high-pressure applications due to their high
strength and impact resistance. The
manufacturing process of PVC-O pipes
involves orienting the molecules of the PVC
material in a specific direction, which results
in a pipe that is stronger and more durable
than traditional PVC pipes.

23. TYPES OF PIPES
5. PVC-HI (High Impact)
These pipes are specifically designed to withstand impact and resist damage, making them
ideal for use in applications where there is a risk of impact or damage. PVC-HI is a material
of choice for natural gas networks.
4. C-PVC (Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride)
This pipe is a type of plastic piping made from PVC material
that has been chlorinated to improve its temperature and
chemical resistance. C-PVC pipes are commonly used in hot
and cold-water supply systems in residential, commercial, and
industrial applications. High temperature resistance up to
93°C (200°F) Hot and cold-water supply systems for
residential, commercial, and industrial buildings

24. TYPES OF PIPES
6. PE PIPE (Polyethylene)
This pipe refers to Polyethylene Plastic
material intended for long span water
system installation.
7. CI PIPE (Cast Iron)
is a heavy metal made of casting on
molds to make fixtures. such as sink, tubs
and lavatories, covered with a porcelain
enamel coating.

25. TYPES OF PIPES
8. GI PIPE (Galvanized Iron)
widely used for conveying raw water
& distribution of treated water in
majority of rural water supply
schemes.