This document discusses various plumbing fixtures, their types, and fittings used in plumbing systems. It describes common fixtures like water closets, lavatories, kitchen sinks, urinals, and bathtubs. It outlines different types of each fixture based on design, make, flushing mechanism, shape, and installation. It also explains common plumbing fittings like elbows, tees, couplings, and their uses in drain, waste, and vent systems.

1. TYPES & CLEARANCE

3. *FIXTURES are receptacles attached to a plumbing system other
than a trap in which water or waste may be collected or retained
for ultimate discharge into the plumbing system.
*TYPES
1. Water Closet
2. Lavatory
3. Kitchen sink/Sink
4. Urinal
5. Bidet
6. Bath tub

4. * It is a plumbing fixture used to
receive human excremental and to
discharge it through a waste pipe,
using water as a conveying medium.
* Water closets are classified
according to design, make, flushing
mechanism, shape and installation.

5. Types as to Design

6. *The least expensive but the
noisiest; only small amount
of standing water susceptible
to fouling, staining and
contamination.
*It is mechanically
satisfactory and is lower in
price. Hence, it is widely
used and entirely
acceptable where price is
the main consideration.

7. *The jet being submerged
introduces its water
underwater so that its
operation is entirely
muffled.
*It has a large amount of
standing water to prevent
fouling. It is mechanically
efficient but expensive.

8. *This type of bowl develops
its flushing action through
the water entering through
diagonal holes around the
rim which creates a swirling
action which forms a vortex
in the center.
*It is considered to be the
most quiet, most efficient
and most sanitary water
closet.

9. *The trap way located at the
rear of the water closet
eliminated the buldge at the
front.
*The design and appearance of
the bowl plus its large water
area and quietness in
operation, make it desirable
than siphon wash down.

10. Types as to Make

11. *The water closet fixture is
manufactured with the bowl
and the flush tank molded
into a single unit. Usually
used in tandem with the
bidet.

12. *A water closet where in the
flush tank is separate but is
attached to the toilet bowl.
It is a two-piece model.

13. *A water closet comprising
only of a bowl without a
flush tank. Flushing action is
obtained only through water
poured from a pail or
bucket.
*This is used in areas where
running water systems are
not available.

14. *A water closet that is
otherwise known as “Eastern
type” since the user assumes
a squatting position rather
than a sitting position.

15. Types as to Flushing Mechanism

16. *It holds a supply of water for
flushing a fixture such as the
water closet. It has a
capacity of 5 to 6 gallons.

17. *A valve designed to supply a
fixed quantity of water for
flushing purposes. It is
activated by direct water
pressure without the use of a
flush tank.
*It is also known as
Flushometer or Flushometer
valve. The flush valve
requires 10 to 20 psi flow
pressure.

18. Types as to shape

19. *It is intended for installation
on a limited space intended
for installation on a limited
space.

20. *It is more comfortable but
occupies a larger space.

21. Types as to Installation

27. * It is a fixture designed for the
washing of the hands or face. It is
also known as wash basin.

28. Types

29. A wall-hung lavatory is a type
of lavoratory sink that is
mounted on the wall.

30. Pedestal sinks are composed of
two pieces: the pedestal (i.e.,
the "leg") and the sink basin.
Pedestal sinks are better suited
to some types of bathrooms over
others. For starters, they work
perfectly in any
bathroom where space is limited.

31. OVER COUNTER
UNDER
COUNTER

33. Types of Faucet

34. * A center set a faucet works with
both single-hole and 3-hole basins;
this is an easy-to-install option. This
style features a deckplate that
contains the handle and spout in
one plate.

35. * Widespread faucets require holes
with a range of 8-inch to 16-inch
centers. Also known as non-
deckplate faucets, widespread
faucets are the most popular
option.

38. * It is a plumbing fixtures usually
consisting of a basin with a water
supply, connected with a drain.

39. Types

45. * A sanitary fixture equipped with a
water supply and drain for flushing
away urine.

46. Types

52. • MINIMUM TRAP DIAMETER AND DFU VALUE
a. Urinal, Wall-mounted 51mm (2”) 6 DFU
b. Urinal, Stall 51mm (2”) 6 DFU
c. Urinal, Trap arm 51mm (2”) 3 DFU
• SIZE OF SUPPLY PIPE AND WSFU VALUE
a. Urinal, Wall-mounted 19mm (3/4”) 5 WSFU
b. Urinal, Stall 19mm (3/4”) 5 WSFU
• MINIMUM SIZE OF VENT
a. The minimum size of vent is 38mmΦ

53. * It is a plumbing fixture used for
washing the middle part of the
body, especially the genitals. It is
also known as the Sitz Bath.

54. • Setting and clearance for bidet shall be
the same as in the water closet.
• - Bidet minimum trap diameter is
38mm and its DFU value is 2.
• - Size of water supply is 12mm and
WSFU is 2 (private) or 4 (public)

55. * It is a tube for bathing, usually a
fixed plumbing installation designed
for one person. It is available in left
outlet and right outlet.

56. • Minimum size of vent is 38mmΦ (1 .”)
• Bathtub minimum trap diameter is
38mm and the DFU value is 2.
• Size of supply pipe is 12mm and WSFU
value is 2 (private) and 4 (public).

57. OTHER TYPES:
*1. SLOP SINK- A deep sink, usually set low and used by janitors
for emptying pails of dirty water and mop cleaning.

58. OTHER TYPES:
*2. DRINKING FOUNTAIN- A fixture consisting of a shallow basin,
together with a water jet designed to provide potable water for
human consumption.

59. OTHER TYPES:
*3. LAUNDRY TUB- A deep wide sink or but used for washing
clothes. It is also known as Laundry Tray or Set Tub.

60. OTHER TYPES:
*4. SHOWER BATH- An apparatus for spraying water on the body,
usually from above. Drain is through the shower bath floor drain.

61. OTHER TYPES:
*5. SCRUB SINK- a plumbing fixture usually located in the
operating room in a hospital to enable personnel to scrub their
hands prior to a surgical procedure; the hot and cold water
supply is activated by a knee-action mixing valve or by wrist or
pedal control.

62. *NOTES ON SHOWER RECEPTOR (NPC 1999)
1. Each shower receptor shall be constructed to have a finished dam,
curb or threshold of at least 25.4 mm lower that the outside floor.

63. *NOTES ON SHOWER RECEPTOR (NPC 1999)
2. The dam or threshold shall not be less than 51mm nor more than 228mm in
depth, when measured from the top of the dam or threshold to the top of the
drain.

65. Shape of Fittings

66. CAP- is closed on one end with female threads or no
threads for a solvent weld connection. Solvent weld
connection is used for unthreaded plastic pipe. Bonded
with cement that is compatible to the type of plastic
being connected. It is used to seal a ruin pipe.
PLUG- is closed on one end with male threads
or no threads for a solvent weld connection. It is
also used to seal ruin pipe.

67. CLEANOUT PLUG-can be added to a tee at the
base of a vertical drain pipe. The plug is
threaded for easy access to the drain. The threaded
fitting for the plug can be added on, or some tee
fittings have the threaded connection built-in.

68. COUPLING- Connects two lengths of pipe.
Has female thread on both ends (for galvanized
pipe) or no threads (for copper, PVC and other
solvent-welded pipe).
REDUCER COUPLING- joins two
different sizes of pipe.

69. ADAPTER COUPLING- joins two different
types of connection types, such as threaded
and solvent weld.
REPAIR COUPLING- or mender coupling, has
no center stop so two lengths of pipe can be fastened
together. Use on unthreaded lengths of pipe.

70. ELBOW-Changes the direction of the pipe,
usually at a 45°, 90° or 22-1/2° angle. Most
common are elbows with female threads or
solvent welds on both ends.
STREET ELBOW- has a female end on
one end and a male end on the other. Also
available for solvent welded products.

71. SWEEP- is a type of elbow that has a longer
curve for a more gradual bend. Available in
long or short versions.
REDUCING ELBOW- change the
size of the pipe.

72. STRAIGHT TEE- all tee has three female
openings in a T shape. It has the same size
openings.
REDUCING TEE- has two openings of
the same size and one of a different size.

73. SANITARY TEE- is used in waste lines.
They have a curved branch designed for a
cleanout plug and are designed to prevent
obstruction of waste.
CROSS TEE-has four female openings
of equal size

74. CLEANOUT TEE- has a threaded
opening to be used in conjunction with a
threaded plug for a cleanout opening on a
drain pipe.
WYE BEND TEE- has three female
openings. Two are straight in a line; the
third is at a 45° angle.

75. NIPPLE-Any length of pipe that is less than
12” and used to extend a run of pipe. Usually
available in increments of 1”, from “close”
(the shortest length, where threads
almost touch) to 12”. Longer lengths of pipe
are considered “cut lengths” and are available
in 24” increments.
FLOOR FLANGE-Connects a pipe to
a wall, floor or any flat surface. Flanges
are threaded onto pipe and tightened.
Four screw holes allow the flange rim to
attach to a flat surface.

76. CLOSET FLANGE- is made to connect
toilets to drain and vent systems. The
adjustable ring on some closet flanges allows
for easier toilet alignment.
OFFSET CLOSET FLANGE- that
is used when the drain pipe has been
incorrectly positioned.

77. DROP EAR ELBOW-Also known as a wing elbow.
Drop ear elbow provides a rigid installation for mounting
an elbow to a wall. Usually used for installing a shower
arm or washer hose valve. Some variations of the drop ear
elbow include fittings that can transition from plastic to
brass or copper
BUSHING-Inserted inside a coupling to
reduce the size of the pipe. Any number
of reductions can be made to reduce and
couple to another size of pipe. Male
threaded on one end with a smaller
diameter female thread on the other.

78. UNION-A three-part fitting that
connects any standard size pipe where it
may be necessary to
disconnect later, such as on a water
heater. Connects to male threaded ends.
TRANSITION UNION- joins
different types of tubing, such as CPVC to
brass.

79. SADDLE TEE- Joins a smaller
drainpipe to a larger one, such as a 1-
1/2” pipe to a 3” pipe. Used when
installing a drain on existing plumbing.
Saves the labor of cutting and rejoining
the main pipe. Some types are made for
joining a PVC pipe to a cast iron drain.

80. *PVC - Used as a cold water supply pipe in many
countries around the world because of the low price
and ease of installation.

81. • CPVC - Used as a hot/cold water
supply pipe in many countries
around the world because of the low
price and ease of installation.

82. *P-Trap
*Used at each plumbing fixture to prevent sewer gasses from escapin
by keeping a water seal in the trap.

83. *Clean-Out
*Must be installed to allow cleaning of the drainage system.

91. * PLUMBING UNIT (Sec. 217.13 NPC 1999)
* The minimum standard quantities of plumbing fixtures that discharge waste into a
* plumbing installation include;
* 1 water meter
* 1 water closet
* 1 lavatory
* 1 shower head and drain for a bathtub or shower stall
* 1 kitchen sink
* 1 laundry tray
* 3 floor drains
* 4 faucets/ hose Bibb
=13 Total numbers of fixtures and fittings that comprise a plumbing
unit

97. *WHIRPOOL
BATHTUB:
The most significant feature
of these bathtubs which set
them apart from the rest is
that they have water motor
jet installed, which rotates
the water in the bath for
relaxation and massage.

98. *KOHLER NUMI
TOILET:
-Tankless integrated design
-Remote controlled
-Auto open seat
-Auto Flush
-Controlled seat temperature

99. *IOTA FOLDING
TOILET:
-Unique folding design to
accommodate space.
-Water reducing technology

100. *WATERFALL SINK:
-temperature control
technology
-joystick control
-controllable sink