This document discusses DNA transcription and folding. It summarizes two studies: one that found a genetic mutation called MAK that causes blindness by disrupting protein production in retinal cells, and another that identified a mechanism by which cigarette smoke can increase fibronectin deposition in lung tissue of COPD patients by activating the NF-kB protein complex. Both studies provide insight into disease pathology and potential future therapies.

1. DNA TRANSCRIPTION Luis Carlos Fuentes Acosta Id: 00172019 Molecular Biology Universidad Pontificia Bolivaria.

2. Folding

3. Folding

4. INTRODUCTION. These studies with transcription and have been very valuable for the contribution of specific genetic level studies of disease explained in the folding

5. U. Iowa research team finds new genetic cause of blindingeyedisease

6. DNA sequences discovered by a defective gene called MAK

7. The researchers generated induced pluripotent stem cells from skin cells of the patient and self-convinced these immature cells to become retinal tissue

8. It was found that the mutation MAK, which involves inserting a large piece of DNA into the MAK gene, disrupts the gene so that cells of the retina loses the ability to make the longer version of the protein MAK .

9. OBSERVATION This study does give hope to patients with this disease as it achieves control bystem cells

10. Researchers identify mechanism underlying COPD disease persistence after smoking cessation

11. The aim was to examine whether cigarette smoke extract alters the ECM deposited primary human lung fibroblasts, and if smoke can alter ECM-induced proliferation and cytokine release

12. The researchers examined the response of human lung tissue from donors withand without EPOC to cigarette smoke extract.

13. Increased deposition of fibronectin was attenuated by an inhibitor of NF-kB (a protein complex that controls transcription of DNA) in the tissue of EPOC.

14. OBSERVATION It is a great study because it shows from a histological point of view changes from the smoke in EPOC patients which might help in the clinic

15. MedicalUtility

16. These studies are very important in modern medicine because they help to develop efficient methods in terms of clinical management

17. Also manage to make some progress in therapy to patients because they areable to discover the initial problem and where in this.

18. These new findings help to give more life expectancy of the patient in case of afatal disease, and should not be helping to increase the welfare

19. BIBLIOGRAPHY U. Iowa research team finds new genetic cause of blindingeyedisease, Todd Scheetz, Sheffield Val, DeLucaAdán, Hoffman y Rebecca Jeremy Johnston, de la interfaz de usuario de Jacobson y Samuel of eyed Scheie, august 9 de 2011, in pubmed. Researchers identify mechanism underlying COPD disease persistence after smoking cessation, American Thoracic Society, July 27, 2011, in pubmed.