This document discusses plasma physics and its applications. It provides an introduction to plasma physics, noting that plasma is the fourth state of matter and is present in stars and fusion reactors. It then covers several topics in more depth, including the occurrence of plasma in the early universe and various locations today. It also discusses several applications of plasma physics, such as magnetohydrodynamic power generation, thermonuclear fusion reactors, and various technologies. The document concludes by mentioning some ways plasma is produced in laboratories and considerations for plasma as a career path in research.

1. PLASMA PHYSICS AND ITS
APPLICATION
 Grouop No : 6
 Group Members:
 1. Rabeya Akter Rabu
 2. Mahmudul Hasan Shoron
 3. S.M. Hasibul Hoque
 4. Rahnuma Shahrin Rishta

2. Topics:
 1. Introduction of plasma physics
 2. Plasma in Early universe
 3. Occurence of plasma
 4. Application of plasma
 5.Prodution of plasma
 6.Research carrier of plasma

3. 4 States of
Matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma (which may makeup 99.99 %ofthe
entire Universe)

4. What is
plasma?
plasma :
1.fourth state of matter
2. highly electrified collection of
nuclei and free electrons.
3. distinct from solid or liquid or gas
4. present in stars and fusion reactors.
5.gasbecomes aplasma when it is
heated until the atoms lose all their electrons.

5. 5

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13. 1st State of
Matter?
• Technically, plasma should be called the 1st
state of matter, asit is what all the other
states arise from.
• Plasmaasaconcept is not taught in schools
which is odd asit comprises much of our
world. Most people have no idea what it is.

14. Plasma OperationModes
• Dark Current Mode- ionospheres(plasma
sheaths)of planets–strengthof current is
extremely low–
 doesnot usuallyemitlight
• Normal Glow Mode–strongerelectric current
–entire plasmaglows–neonsigns,auroras,
comettails, sun’s corona
• Arc Mode-verystrongcurrent- forms twisting
filaments electric welders,lightning,sparks,
sun’sphotosphere
• The stronger the current, the brighter the
plasma
-

15. •Wasthe first to “discover”plasma
in 1879, in aCrookesTube
•Called it “radiantmatter”
Sir William
Crookes
Crooke’sTube

16. •Coined the term plasma becauseit
reminded him of blood plasma(1927)
•Recognized the wave forms in plasma-
called Langmuir waves
•Developed Langmuir probe for exploringproperties
of plasmas
•Made first plasmawelder
Irving
Langmuir
Langmuirprobe

17. •Played acentral role in the
development of modernplasma
physics
•Won Nobel prize in 1970 for his workwith
plasmas
•Regardedasaperson with unorthodox views –
work wasmet with resistance frompeers
Hannes
Alfven

18. Present Day Plasma
Proponents
• Wal Thornhill
• Co-Author “TheElectric
Universe”
• Most well knowncurrent
proponent of Electric
Universe theory
• Donald Scott
• Author of “TheElectric
Sky”
• Distinguished electrics
professor who is alsoan
amateur astronomer-

19. Plasma in early universe

20.  Occurrence of plasma

21. Plasma is
everywhere!
• TheHubble telescope and other spaceprobes
havebeen providing uswith lots ofinformation
about plasma in the lastdecade.
• Plasmacanbe easily produced in alab, andits
behavior isscalable
• Numerous technologies make
useof plasma
• People haveknown about it for
over 130years!

22. OurSun

23. TheSolarwind

24. Interstellar and Interplanetary Space
Spaceis not an empty vacuum. It is full ofplasma,
which conducts wavesof electricity andsound.

27. Northern lights

29. Tesla Globes or Plasma
Balls

30. Other plasmas

31. 1. Density Ne – number of electrons in volume, 1/cm3.
2. Temperature T,[eV]. 1eV =11606 K~104K.
eU[J] eU[eV] kT[J] T[eV]
3. Langmuir frequency- plasma frequency:
Main parameters of plasma
e U   kT
22
mv2
3
31

32. APPLICATION OF PLASMA
PHYSICS
32
1. Magnetohydrodynamc
Generator
2. Thermonuclear fusion
reactor
3. Space physics
4. Modern Astrophysics
5. Gas lasers

33. 1.Magneto hydrodynamic
Generator
• MHD power generation uses the
interaction of an electrically conducting
fluid with a magnetic field to convert part
of the energy of the fluid directly into
electricity
• Converts thermal or kinetic energy
into electricity
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34. Where
Lorentz Force L•awF:is the force of the acting particle
(vector)
F = Qv•BV is the velocity of the particle (vector)
• Q is the charge of the particle (scalar)
• B is the magnetic field (vector) 121aziz_muhd33@yahoo.co.in

35. Conversion
Efficiency
• MHD generator alone: 10-20%
• Steam plant alone: ≈ 40%
• MHD generator coupled with a steam plant:
up to 60%
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36. Losses
• Heat transfer to walls
• Friction
• Maintenance of magnetic
field
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37. 2. Thermonuclear fusion
reactor
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40. Passive and active generation
40
of plasma
1.Passive generation of plasma:
Thermal ionization and chemical
processes.
2.Active generation of plasma:
Ionization of atoms & molecules
by external active energysource.

42. Vacuum plasma
42
Vacuum plasma
Large cross
section
High purity
matter
Materials
science &
technology
New state
of matter
Generation
of beams
Microwave
and pulsed
power
technologies
Positive Problem
Clusters and
fractal
technologies
Instrumentation
& diagnostics

43. Non thermal or cold
plasmas
• Stable at coolertemperatures
• Being used in medicine and foodpacking
• Acts asasterilizing agent

45. Atmosphere plasma
45
1. Corona discharge.
2. Barrier Dielectric Discharge
3. Arc.
4. Pulsed discharge.
5. Gliding discharge.

46.  Production of plasma

47. Pulsed High Voltage
47
Generators
1.Nanosecondgenerator with high
repetition.
2.Picosecondgenerators with
high repetition.

48. C L
SWITCHE
S
CHARG
E
POWER
SUPPLY
PLASMA
Types of pulsed
plasma
48
generators
HIGH
VOLTAGE
POWER
SUPPLY
SWITCH
HVD
CURRENT
TRANSFORMER
C
R
PLATE
ELECTRODE
PIN
ELECTRODE
Rcur
SCOPE
C L
SWITCH
CHARGE
POWER
SUPPLY
METAL PLATEDIELECTRIC
METAL
ELECTRODE
METAL
GRID

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53. Some things to think
about• What are the cosmological implications of an
electrically connected plasma universe with regardsto
education?
• What powers our biology? Everythought,being
neuron based, is an electrical event. Indeed, all ofour
perceptions are electricalevents
• If you look at the universe this way, what is intuition?
What is synchronicity? What iscoherence?
• Teachingand learning are basedon the socialexchange
of energy andinformation
• Education becomes about connectivity andenergy
flow- shared power betweenindividuals

54. What is the consequence of the
general population not knowingabout
plasma?
• Life is perceived aschaotic, cold andmeaningless.
“we’re arock in avacuum spinning through
nothingness, the consequence of impersonal
cosmic forces”.
• People haveayearning for asenseof connection-
in an environment where everything is perceived
asseparate and separated, including bodies in
space.

55. Resources/Referenc
esEverythingiselectric.com
Plasma-universe.com
Holoscience.com
Thunderbolts.info
Electric-cosmos.org
Scott, Donald, The ElectricSky
Thornhill, Wallace, The ElectricUniverse
Alfred, Jay,Our InvisibleBodies
Hay,David, Something There:the Biology of theHuman
Spirit