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Plant Nutrition Basics
This document discusses plant nutrient basics, including macro and micro nutrients, nutrient interactions, mobility, deficiency and toxicity symptoms, and susceptibility of different crops. It provides information on the natural roles of nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur. It also outlines mobility of nutrients in plants and soils. Optimum ranges and deficiency/toxicity symptoms are described for various nutrients. Finally, it discusses how different food crops are susceptible to deficiencies in specific micronutrients like boron, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum and zinc.
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Plant Nutrition Basics
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- 2. Nutrient Basics Natural Nutrients C–H–O A N T A I Macro Nutrients N–P–K N G O T N E I R Z Secondary Nutrients Ca – Mg – S A E C T Micro Nutrients B – Cl – Co - Cu – Fe – Mo – Mn – Na – Ni - Si - Zn www.Satyajit.co
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- 4. Nutrients v/s SoilpH www.Satyajit.co
- 5. Nutrient Mobility • Nitrate Nitrogen very mobile Nutrient • Sulfate Sulfur Boron Mobility • Ammonium Nitrogen moderately • Calcium Molybdenum mobile • Magnesium Potassium in Plants • Organic Nitrogen • Phosphorus Manganese immobile • Copper Iron Zinc * Except in chelated form • Nitrogen Phosphorus very mobile Nutrient • Potassium Magnesium Mobility • Copper Iron moderately • Manganese Molybdenum mobile • Sulfur Zinc in Soils • Calcium immobile • Boron www.Satyajit.co
- 6. Optimum Nutrition LESS Deficiency ! MORE Toxicity ! www.Satyajit.co
- 7. Nitrogen • Yellowing of older leaves at bottom of plant • Foliage overall is light green • Yellowing of stem & it becomes spindly Deficiency • 0.5 – 6.0 % Optimum Concentration • Dark green foliage • Susceptible to drought, diseases, insect invasion • Fruit & seed crop may fail to yield Toxicity www.Satyajit.co
- 8. Phosphorus • Small leaves may take on a reddish purple tint • Leaf tips can look burnt & older leaves look black • Reduced fruit or seed production Deficiency • 0.15 – 0.5 % Optimum Concentration • May cause micronutrient deficiency mainly Fe & Zn Toxicity www.Satyajit.co
- 9. Potassium • Older leaves may look scorched around edges or wilted • Development of interveinal chlorosis (yellowing between leaf veins) Deficiency • 0.8 – 8.0 % Optimum Concentration • May cause secondary micronutrient deficiency mainly Ca & Mg Toxicity www.Satyajit.co
- 10. Calcium • New leaves are distorted or hook shaped • The growing tip may die Deficiency • 0.1 – 6.0 % Optimum Concentration • May cause deficiency mainly K & Mg Toxicity Rice www.Satyajit.co
- 11. Magnesium • Slow growth & leaves turn pale yellow, sometime on the outer edges • New growth may be yellow with dark spots Deficiency • 0.05 – 1.0 % Optimum Concentration • Higher concentration tolerated by plant; however, imbalance with K & Ca may reduce growth Toxicity www.Satyajit.co
- 12. Sulphur • New growth turns pale yellow • Older growth stays green • Stunts growth Deficiency • 0.1 – 1.5 % Optimum Concentration • Premature dropping of leaves Toxicity www.Satyajit.co
- 13. Boron • Poor stem & root growth • Terminal buds may die • Witches brooms sometimes form Deficiency • 0.2 – 800 ppm Optimum Concentration • Leaf tips become yellow followed by necrosis • Leaves get a scorched appearance & later fall-off Toxicity www.Satyajit.co
- 14. Copper • Stunted growth • Leaves can become limp, curl or drop • Seed stalks also become limp & bend over Deficiency • 2.0 – 50 ppm Optimum Concentration • No known toxicity symptoms Toxicity www.Satyajit.co
- 15. Iron • Intervenial chlorosis of youngest leaves • Evolves into an overall chlorosis & end as totally bleached leaves Deficiency • 20 – 600 ppm Optimum Concentration • Possible bronzing of leaves with tiny brown spots Toxicity Interveinal Chlorosis Rice www.Satyajit.co
- 16. Manganese • Growth slows, younger leaves turn pale yellow, often starting between veins • May develop dark or dead spots • Leaves, shoots & fruit get diminished in size, failure to bloom Deficiency • 10 – 600 ppm Optimum Concentration • Older leaves have brown spots surrounded by a chlorotic circle or zone Toxicity www.Satyajit.co
- 17. Zinc • Yellowing between veins of new growth • Terminal leaves may form a rosette Deficiency • 10 – 250 ppm Optimum Concentration • May cause Fe deficiency in some plants Toxicity Rice www.Satyajit.co
- 18. Molybdenum • Older leaves yellow, remaining foliage turns light green • Leaves can become narrow & distorted Deficiency • 0.1 – 10 ppm Optimum Concentration • No known toxicity symptoms Toxicity www.Satyajit.co
- 19. Synopsis Nitrogen Uniform over leaf, small leaves Sulphur if symptoms also Chlorosis on young leaves Interveinal or Magnesium blotchy Old & mature leaves Tip or edge scorch, interveinal Phosphorous yellowing/browning Necrosis Interveinal or bloctchy, varying Magnesium shades of color www.Satyajit.co
- 20. Synopsis Sulphur, Uniform over leaf Iron Leaf edges purple, Chlorosis interveinal Sulphur yellowing, cupping Interveinal or Zinc, Manganese, blotchy Iron, Copper Young leaves Interveinal blotches and leaf edge Calcium scorching Necrosis Yellow to brown interveinal areas, Boron red to purple, curled, torn leaves www.Satyajit.co
- 21. Susceptibility Micronutrients Food/Crops Boron Copper Iron Manganese Molybdenum Zinc Bananas M - - - - - Barley - H M M - M Chick peas - - - - M - Coconuts M - - - - Field beans - - H H M H Groundnuts H - H - M M Maize M M - - M H Oats - H - H M - Pigeon peas - - - - M - Potato M - - H - M Rice - - M M - H Sorghum - M H H - H Soya Bean - - H H H H Sugar beet H M - H M Wheat - H M H M M H – High Susceptibility M – Medium Susceptibility www.Satyajit.co
- 22. Reach us Satyajit ChemicalsPvt Ltd 306, Devavrata, Sector 17, Vashi, Navi Mumbai 400703 INDIA Tel : +91-22-61331900 Fax : +91-22-61331999 info@satyajitchemicals.com www.Satyajit.co