This document discusses planning, organizing, and directing as key management functions. It defines planning as determining objectives and courses of action to achieve them. Important aspects of planning include flexibility and being goal-oriented. Organizing involves dividing work among individuals and coordinating efforts to achieve objectives. Principles of organizing include unity of objectives, specialization, and coordination. Directing means getting things done by providing leadership and a supportive environment for subordinates.

1. PLANNING,ORGANISING
&
DIRECTING

2. DEFINATIONOFPLANNING
oA PLAN IS THEN A PROJECTED COURSE
OF ACTION.CONCERNED WITH THE
DETERMINATION OF THE OBJECTIVES
TO BE ACHIEVED & COURSE OF ACTION
TO BE FOLLOWED TO ACHIEVE THEM.

3. NATUREOFPLANNING
oPRIMACY OF PLANNING.
oPERVASIVENESS OF PLANNING.
oEEFICIENCY , ECONOMY & ACCURACY.
oLIMITING FACTORS.
oPLANNING IS GOAL-ORIENTED.
oFLEXIBILITY.
oPLANNING IS AN INTELLECTUAL PROCESS.

4. IMPORTANCEOFPLANNING
oTO MANAGE BY OBJECTIVES.
oTO OFF SET UN CERTAINTY & CHANGE.
oTO SECURE ECONOMY IN OPWERATION.
oTO HELP IN CO-ORDINATION.
oTO HELP IN CO-ORDINATION.
oTO MAKE CONTROL EFFECTIVE.

5. ADVANTAGE OFPLANNING
oWASTE OF RESOURCES CAN BE MINIMIZED.
oTO REMAIN COMPETITVE WITH OTHER RIVALS
IN THE INDUSTRY.
oFUTURE CHANGE & MANAGE THE CHANGE
EFFECTIVELY.
oUTILISATION OF AVAILABE RESOURCES &
ENSURES OPTIMUM PRODUCTIVITY & PROFITS.

6. DISADVANTAGEOFPLANNING
oMANY TIMES VERY COSTLY.
oINFELXIBILITY TO CHANGE.
oPLANNING DELAYS ACTION.
oPLANNING ENCOURAGES A FALSE
SENSE OF SECURITY AGAINST RISK OR
UNCERTAINTY.

7. PLANNINGPROCESS
o ANALYSIS OF EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT.
o ANALYSIS OF INTERNAL ENVIROMENT.
o DETERMINATION OF MISSION.
o DETERMINATION OF OBJECTIVES.
o DETERMINING ALTERNATIVE COURSE OF ACTION.
o EVALUATION ALTERNATIVE COUSES.
o ESTABLISHING THE SEQUENCE OF ACTIVITES.
o REVIEWING THE PLANNING PROCESS.

8. ORGANISING
o ORGANISATIONINVOLVES DIVISIONOF WORK
AMONG PEOPLE WHOSE EFFORTS MUST BE CO-
ORDINATEDTO ACHIEVE SPECIFICOBJECTIVES & TO
IMPLEMENTPREDETERMINEDSTRATEGIES.SHELDON
DEFINES- “ORGANISATIONIS THE PROCESS OF SO
COMBINING THE WORK WHICK INDIVIDUALS OR
GROUPS HAVE TOPERFORM WITH FACILITIES
NECESSARY FOR ITS EXECUTION.”

9. PRINCIPLESOFORGANISATION
o CONSIDERATIONOF UNITYOF OBJECTIVES.
o SPECIALISATION.
o CO-ORDINATION.
o CLEAR UNBROKENLINE OF AUTHORITY.
o RESPONSIBILITY.
o DELEGATION.
o UNITYOF COMMAND.
o SPAN OF MANAGEMENT.
o COMMUNICATION

10. DIRECTING
o IN PRACTICE,MANAGEMENT IS ESSENTIALLY THE ART
& PROCESS OF GETTING THINGSDONE.
o ACCODING TO G.R.TERRY : “DIRECTING MEANS TO
ACTION & SUPPLYING STIMULAYIVE POWER TO A
GROUP OF PERSON.”
o PROVIDING EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP
o PROVIDING CLIMATE FOR “SUBORDINATE”
DEVELOPMENT.

11. PRESENTEDBY
oINDRANIL DAS
o2ND YEAR
oB.H.M.C.T