This document discusses planning and the planning process. It defines planning as thinking ahead about what to do, how to do it, when to do it, and who will do it. The planning process involves setting objectives, developing premises, identifying alternative courses of action, evaluating alternatives, selecting an alternative, implementing the plan, and follow up action. There are two main types of plans: standing plans that provide continuous guidance and are used repeatedly, and single use plans that provide guidance for specific non-recurring problems. Examples of different types of plans include objectives, strategies, policies, procedures, methods, rules, budgets, and programs.

1. UNIT - 4
PLANNING

2. TOPICS COVERED
Planning
 Concept,
 Importance
 Limitations
Planning Process
Types of Plans
 StandingandSingleusePlans
• Objectives
• Strategies
• Policy
• Procedure
• Method
• Rule
• Budget
• Programme

3. PLANNING
“Planning is Thinking before Hand

4. Planning is deciding in advance
 what todo,
 howtodoit,
 when todoit,and
 who istodoit.
•
- KoontzandO'Donnell

5. FEATURES OF PLANNING
Focuses onAchieving Objectives
PrimaryFunctionof Management
Pervasive
Continuous
Futuristic
Involves DecisionMaking
Mental Exercise

6. TOPICS COVERED
Provides Direction
Reduces Risk of Uncertainty
Reduces Overlapping&Wasteful Activities
Promotes InnovativeIdeas
Facilitates DecisionMaking
Establishes Standardfor Controlling

7. LIMITATIONS
Creates Rigidity
Internal Inflexibility
External Inflexibility
Does not Works in Dynamic
Environment
Reduces Creativity
Costly
Time Consuming Process
No Guarantee of Success

8. 1. SettingObjectives
2. DevelopingPremises
3. IdentifyingAlternativeCourses of Action
4. EvaluatingAlternativeCourses
5. SelectinganAlternative
6.ImplementingaPlan
7. FollowupAction
P
R
O
C
E
S
S

9. PLANNING PROCESS
SettingObjectives:
 Endpointswhich istobeattained
Developing Premises:
 Internal Premises ,egmoney,material,machine,etc
 External Premises,eg. govt. policies,tax rate,competition,
etc.
Identifying AlternativeCourses of Action:
 Discovering thealternativecourseof doingaparticular
work

10. PLANNING PROCESS
Evaluating Alternative Courses:
All those alternative courses which are up to the
expectations of minimum preliminary criteria are selected
for intensive study
Selecting an Alternative:
Selecting the best alternative after careful analysis of all
the alternatives
Implementing the Plan:
Chief Plan and Subsidiary Plans are finally implemented
Follow up Action:
Constant review of plans so as to ensure success in the
uncertain future

11. STANDING AND SINGLE USE PLANS
Standing Plans:
 FormulatedOnceandUsedRepeatedly
Features:
 ProvideContinuous GuidancetotheManager
 StandingGuideof theRecurring Problems
It Includes:
 Objective
 Strategy
 Policy
 Procedure
 Method

12. STANDING AND SINGLE USE PLANS
SingleUsePlans
 FormulatedtoMeet Non-recurring Problems
Features:
 ProvideGuidancefor theSpecific Problems
 Usedfor Non-recurring Problems
It Includes:
 Budgets
 Programmes

13. SINGLE USE PLANS VS. STANDING PLANS
Basis of
Difference
Single Use Plans Standing Plans
Meaning A plan which fulfills the need
of a special situation
A plan which goes on in an
uninterrupted succession.
Objective To manage certain special
activities successfully
To effect similarity in the
decisions.
Scope Narrow Wide
Stability Instable Stable
Example The budget for the annual
general meeting of a
company
The process of recruitment
and selection

14. TYPES OF PLANS
1Objective
2. Strategy
3. Policy
4. Procedure
5. Method
6. Rule
7. Programmes
8. Budget

15. TYPES OF PLANS
Objectives:
Objective is a special target to be achieved by an
organization
Strategies:
Plan which take into account the environmental
opportunities, threat and the organizations strength and
weakness and provide an optimal match between the
organization and the environment
Policies:
General Statements which are decided for the guidance
of employees while taking decisions

16. TYPES OF PLANS
Procedures:
 Planthat determines thesequenceof any work
performance
Methods:
 Planthat determines howdifferent activitiesof work are
completed
Rules:
 Planthat tellswhat istobedoneandwhat not tobedone
inaparticular situation

17. TYPES OF PLANS
Programmes:
Plan that covers a relatively larger organizational
activities and specifies main steps, their order and
timing and the department responsible for each step
Budget:
Quantitative expression of the plan of action

18. Please be free to write query at:
Dr. Ramesh C Sharma
rameshchandersharma@gmail.com
http://rameshchandersharma.blogsspot.in
+91-94180-45154