The document defines motivation as stimulating action to achieve goals according to several authors. It discusses types of motivation including positive motivation using rewards and negative motivation using fear. Motivation theories covered include Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Vroom's expectancy theory, McClelland's need for achievement theory, and Herzberg's two-factor theory distinguishing between motivators and hygiene factors. The document also compares McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y assumptions about human motivation.

1. MOTIVATION

2. DEFINATIONOFMOTIVATION
 MOTIVATION HAS BEEN DEFINED BY MICHAEL J.
JUICUS “THE ACT OF STIMULATING SOMEONE
OR ONESELF TO GET A DESIRED COURSE OF
ACTION”
 IN THE WORDS OF LEWIS ALLEN – “MOTIVATION
IS THE WORK A MANAGER PERFORMS TO
INSPIRE.ENCOURAGE 7 IMPEL PEOPLE TO TAKE
REQUIRED ACTION.”
 ACCORDING TO WILLIAM G. SCOTT –
“MOTIVATION MEANS A PROCESS OF
STIMULATING PEOPLE TO ACTION TO
ACCOMPLISH DESIRED GOALS.”

3. TYPES OF MOTIVATION
 IF A MANAGER WANTS TO GET WORK DONE BY HIS EMPLOYEES,HE MAY
EITHER HOLD OUT A PROMISE OF A REWARD [POSITIVE MOTIVATION] OR
HE MAY INSTALL FEAR [NEGATIVE MOTIVATION] . BOTH THESE TYPES ARE
WIDELY USED BY MANAGEMENTS.
 POSITIVE MOTIVATION –
 PRAISE & CREDIT FOR WORK DONE .
 WAGES & SALARIES .
 APPRECIATION .
 A SINCERE INTEREST IN SUBORDINATES AS INDIVIDUALS .
 DELEGAION OF AUTHORITY & RESPONSIBILITY .
 NEGATIVE MOTIVATION –
 INVOLVES THE POSSIBILITY OF DECTREASED MOTIVE SATISFACTION.
 IT ALSO CREATES A HOSTILE STATE OF MIND 7 AN UNFAVOURABLE
ATTITUDE TO THE JOB.

4. NATURE&CHARACTERISTICSOFMOTIVATION
 MOTIVATION IS AN INTERNAL FEELING.
 MOTIVATION IS RELATED TO NEEDS.
 MOTIVATION PRODUCES GOAL DIRECTED
BEHAVIOUR.
 MOTIVATION CAN BE EITHER POSITIVE OR
NEGATIVE.

5. THEORY OF MOTIVATION
 COMPRAISE OF THEORY X & THEORY Y.
 MASLOW’S NEED HIERARCHY THEORY OF
MOTIVATION.
 VICTOR VROOM’S EXPECTANCY THEORY.
 MC CLELLAND’S NEED FOR ACHIVEMENT
THEORY.
 HERZBERG’S THEORY OF MOTIVATION.

6. COMPARISON OF THEORY X & THEORY Y
THEORY X THEORY Y
 THEORY X ASSUMES HUMAN
BEINGS INHERENTLY DISLIKE
WORK 7 DISTASTEFUL TOWARDS
WORK.
 THEORY X EMPHASIZES THAT
PEOPLE DO NOT HAVE
AMBITIONS & THEY SHIRK
RESPONSIBILITY.
 THEORY X ASSUMES THAT
PEOPLE CREATIVITY.
 PEOPLE LACK SELF MOTIVATION.
 THEORY X EMPHASIZES UPON
CENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITY
IN DECISION MAKING PROCESS.
 THEORY Y ASSUMES THAT WORK
IS AS NATURAL AS PALY OR REST.
 THEORY Y ASSUME JUST THE
REVERSE.
 ACCORDING TO THEORY Y THE
GENERAL HAVE LITTLE CAPACITY
FOR IS WIDELY DISTRUBUTED IN
THE POPULATION CREATIVITY.
 WHILE IN THEORY Y PEOPLE ARE
CREATIVE
 THEORY Y EMPHASIZES
DECENTRALLSATION 7 GREATER
PARTICIPATION.

7. Maslow's NEED-HIERARCHY THEORY
OF MOTIVATION
 PEOPLE HAVE A WIDE RANGE OF NEEDS WHICH MOTIVATE THEM
TO STRIVEFOR FULFILMENT.
 HUMAN NEEDS CAN BE DEFINITELY CATEGORIZED INTO FIVE
TYPES:
i. PHYSICAL NEED
ii. SAFETY
iii. AFFILIATION OR SOCIAL NEEDS
iv. ESTEEM NEEDS
v. SELF ACTUALISATION.
 A SATISFIED NEED DOES NOT MOTIVATE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR.IT
ONLY TRINGGERS OR ACTIVATES THE URGE FOR THE NEXT
HIGHER LEVEL OF NEEDS.
 RALATIVE SATISFACTION OF LOWER LEVEL NEED IS NECESSARY
TO ACTIVATE THE NEXT HIGHER LEVEL NEED.

8. VICTORVROOM’SEXPECTANCYTHEORY
 HUMAN BEHAVIOUR DEPENDS ON PEOPLE’S
EXPECTIONS CONCERNING THEIR ABILITY
TO PERFROM TASKS & RECEIVE DESIRED
REWARD.
i. VALANCE
ii. INSTRUMENTALITY
iii. EXPECTANCY

9. MC CLELLAND’SNEEDFORACHIEVEMENT
THEORY
 SELF ACTUALISATION
 ESTEEM SELF RESPECT
 SOCIAL ASSOCIATION WITH OTHERS
 SECURITY
 PHYSCIOLOGY

10. HERZBERG’S THEORY OF MOTIVATION
 A THEORY OF MOTIVATION ON THE PREMISE
THAT HUMAN NATURE HAS TWO SEPARATE
ELEMENTS – THE MOTIVATION
&MAINTENANCE FACTORS.

11. PRESENTEDBY
INDRANIL DAS
2ND YEAR
B.H.M.C.T