The document discusses strategies for reducing electricity usage through increased energy efficiency, with a focus on lighting and appliances. It states that shifting to CFLs and LEDs for lighting could cut worldwide electricity usage for lighting from 19% to 7%, saving enough electricity to avoid building 705 new coal-fired power plants. Similarly, it asserts that efficiency gains in lighting and appliances alone could replace the need for all new coal plants projected to be built by 2020. The document outlines additional efficiency strategies for buildings, transportation systems, and other sectors.
ACHIEVE NET ZERO CO2 BY 2050 or an Economic Depression
ECONOMICS (GDP)
- Increasing climate extremes cost $390 billion in 2020.
- Present trends indicate a 10%-GDP-decrease depression
-Carbon Fee Plus Dividend solution
NON-CARBON EMITTING TECHNOLOGIES:
Electric Vehicles (EVs) charged by
Next generation nuclear reactors
PLAN B NO BS - M. IV REPLACE CARBON Sprint toward Wind and Sun, Eliminating E...Start Loving
Plan B calls for a massive buildout of wind generating capacity to replace coal and oil for electricity generation. It would require doubling wind capacity every two years to reach 3,000 gigawatts by 2020, costing $4.5 trillion but creating jobs. Pairing wind with hybrid electric vehicles that can be charged from the grid would dramatically reduce oil use and emissions. The technologies exist to implement Plan B and transition to a renewable energy economy that avoids catastrophic climate change.
This document provides an overview of chapters in an eBook about renewable energy's impact on hydrocarbon dominance. Chapter 1 discusses the current dominance of coal, crude oil, and natural gas globally. Chapter 2 examines renewable energy development and investment among G20 nations. Chapter 3 outlines various renewable technologies including wind, solar, hydroelectric, geothermal, tidal, biomass and biofuels. Chapter 4 profiles 5 major companies influencing renewable energy: Google, NextEra Energy Resources, Siemens, GE Energy, and Waste Management. The conclusion notes projections that coal and oil use will increase significantly by 2020 despite rising renewable adoption.
This document discusses strategies for transitioning to a carbon-free global economy by 2020 and beyond. It proposes using "enhanced incumbent" technologies like hydrogen hybrids, fuel additives, and natural gas from 2013-2020 to allow carbon-based technologies to continue with less environmental impact while carbon-free technologies are developed. After 2020, the focus shifts to stabilized wind, solar and ocean energy with battery storage and microgrids providing dispatchable base load production. Fuel cells, waste to energy and electric vehicles supported by solar and battery charging stations are also mentioned as part of the carbon-free economy.
The document discusses Florida Power & Light's plans to build large-scale solar energy plants in Florida, including the DeSoto Next Generation Solar Energy Center. It notes that this solar facility will be the largest in North America when completed later in 2009. The document also mentions that Florida aims to become the second largest solar power producing state in the country through these solar plants. Additionally, it discusses small-scale residential solar energy systems and programs from utilities to promote energy efficiency and renewable energy.
1) The document discusses the generation of solar power in the US and the technological, economic, political, environmental, and social issues involved.
2) It describes how solar photovoltaic panels and solar thermal collectors work to harness energy from the sun and convert it to electrical or thermal energy.
3) While solar power provides a renewable source of energy, the high initial costs of solar panels have limited their widespread adoption in the US compared to fossil fuels, which remain the primary energy source due to being more cost effective currently.
ACHIEVE NET ZERO CO2 BY 2050 or an Economic Depression
ECONOMICS (GDP)
- Increasing climate extremes cost $390 billion in 2020.
- Present trends indicate a 10%-GDP-decrease depression
-Carbon Fee Plus Dividend solution
NON-CARBON EMITTING TECHNOLOGIES:
Electric Vehicles (EVs) charged by
Next generation nuclear reactors
PLAN B NO BS - M. IV REPLACE CARBON Sprint toward Wind and Sun, Eliminating E...Start Loving
Plan B calls for a massive buildout of wind generating capacity to replace coal and oil for electricity generation. It would require doubling wind capacity every two years to reach 3,000 gigawatts by 2020, costing $4.5 trillion but creating jobs. Pairing wind with hybrid electric vehicles that can be charged from the grid would dramatically reduce oil use and emissions. The technologies exist to implement Plan B and transition to a renewable energy economy that avoids catastrophic climate change.
This document provides an overview of chapters in an eBook about renewable energy's impact on hydrocarbon dominance. Chapter 1 discusses the current dominance of coal, crude oil, and natural gas globally. Chapter 2 examines renewable energy development and investment among G20 nations. Chapter 3 outlines various renewable technologies including wind, solar, hydroelectric, geothermal, tidal, biomass and biofuels. Chapter 4 profiles 5 major companies influencing renewable energy: Google, NextEra Energy Resources, Siemens, GE Energy, and Waste Management. The conclusion notes projections that coal and oil use will increase significantly by 2020 despite rising renewable adoption.
This document discusses strategies for transitioning to a carbon-free global economy by 2020 and beyond. It proposes using "enhanced incumbent" technologies like hydrogen hybrids, fuel additives, and natural gas from 2013-2020 to allow carbon-based technologies to continue with less environmental impact while carbon-free technologies are developed. After 2020, the focus shifts to stabilized wind, solar and ocean energy with battery storage and microgrids providing dispatchable base load production. Fuel cells, waste to energy and electric vehicles supported by solar and battery charging stations are also mentioned as part of the carbon-free economy.
The document discusses Florida Power & Light's plans to build large-scale solar energy plants in Florida, including the DeSoto Next Generation Solar Energy Center. It notes that this solar facility will be the largest in North America when completed later in 2009. The document also mentions that Florida aims to become the second largest solar power producing state in the country through these solar plants. Additionally, it discusses small-scale residential solar energy systems and programs from utilities to promote energy efficiency and renewable energy.
1) The document discusses the generation of solar power in the US and the technological, economic, political, environmental, and social issues involved.
2) It describes how solar photovoltaic panels and solar thermal collectors work to harness energy from the sun and convert it to electrical or thermal energy.
3) While solar power provides a renewable source of energy, the high initial costs of solar panels have limited their widespread adoption in the US compared to fossil fuels, which remain the primary energy source due to being more cost effective currently.
The document discusses energy conservation in India. It notes that while India has 5% of the world's population, it accounts for 26% of global energy use. Improving energy efficiency through technologies like compact fluorescent light bulbs, solar water heating, better insulation, and higher efficiency appliances can significantly reduce energy costs for Indian households while cutting carbon emissions. Energy conservation has already saved India an estimated $12 billion per year in avoided electricity costs compared to continuing higher usage trends, but further opportunities remain in buildings, transportation, and industry.
This document summarizes a presentation given by Tom-Pierre Frappé-Sénéclauze on developing a comprehensive energy retrofit strategy for buildings in British Columbia. The presentation outlines policy context and goals for reducing emissions from buildings, barriers to retrofits at scale, and key strategies to accelerate retrofits, including benchmarking and disclosure requirements, incentives and financing programs, and integrating supply chains to deliver deep retrofits. The final section highlights an integrated retrofit model from the Netherlands called Energiesprong that has achieved net zero energy retrofits at scale.
This document summarizes a presentation about implementing the BC Energy Step Code given on February 14, 2018. It discusses how the Step Code establishes consistent energy efficiency standards for new construction across BC to meet the province's target of net-zero energy ready buildings by 2032. It provides an overview of the Step Code's requirements for building envelopes, equipment, and testing. Case studies demonstrate how to meet Step 3 in different climate zones. Local governments are adopting the Step Code into bylaw or consulting with stakeholders. Resources and incentives are being developed to support industry compliance.
Energy consumption and economic wellbeingnanditasarker
This document discusses energy consumption trends globally and by various countries and sectors. It makes three key points:
1. Energy is essential for improving living standards and powering economic development as countries industrialize. Energy supplies will need to expand to meet growing demand.
2. Total energy consumption and per capita energy usage has increased significantly in recent decades, especially in developing countries like China, and is projected to continue rising to support economic growth.
3. Transportation, industry, and residential sectors account for the majority of energy consumption, with natural gas and oil being the dominant fuel sources globally and in most countries. Improving energy efficiency can reduce costs for economies.
The Global Energy Challenges on Role Of Nuclear Energy and Climate ChangeMahfuzur Rahman Titu
The document summarizes the objectives and key topics discussed at the 5th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering and Renewable Energy (ICMERE-2019). The conference focused on studying current global energy consumption and the role of different energy sources like fossil fuels, nuclear power, and renewables. It discussed challenges like meeting increasing demand through low-cost and low-carbon sources. Presentations analyzed energy resources, generation and consumption trends over time for different fuels. The impact of various energy sources on climate change and their economic costs were also evaluated. The conference emphasized the need for sustainable energy solutions to address future challenges.
The document is an op-ed arguing against a proposed renewable portfolio standard (RPS) that would require a certain percentage of electricity to come from renewable sources like wind and solar. It summarizes that an RPS would functionally operate like carbon emissions caps by restricting access to more economical fossil fuels and inflating electricity costs. It also argues that an RPS would strengthen lobbying from the renewable industry and likely grow over time into higher requirements. The op-ed urges Republicans in the Senate to reject compromises like the proposed RPS in order to avoid distorting energy markets and increasing costs for consumers.
Renewable energy a viable option sp gonchaudhuriIPPAI
The document discusses renewable energy as a viable option for power generation. It notes that worldwide renewable energy capacity and potential is large, but current consumption is still low, especially for new renewables like solar and wind. However, the scenario is changing rapidly as these sources are being aggressively adopted due to factors like rising fossil fuel prices, environmental pressures, and the need to electrify rural areas. The document uses India as a case study, where over half a billion people lack electricity access. It argues that solar and biomass power are already financially viable options in many remote areas compared to conventional fuels. The projected cost of coal power is also increasing more than previously estimated, suggesting grid parity between coal and solar could be achieved by 2015
The document discusses solar power prospects. It notes that while solar power production is growing rapidly, it still accounts for less than 1% of U.S. electricity output. Solar is among the fastest growing renewable energy technologies but remains more expensive than conventional sources. The document explores when solar power may reach grid parity and be able to compete with other energy sources without subsidies.
The document discusses various options for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and addressing climate change issues. It examines the feasibility and environmental impacts of different energy sources. It notes that substantial reductions in carbon dioxide emissions can only be achieved by switching away from fossil fuels to alternative energy sources like solar, wind, hydrogen fuel cells and biofuels which emit no greenhouse gases. It also discusses the role of urban planning and building design in reducing emissions through efficient land use and construction techniques.
India’s energy scenario in 2015 Nitish Sharma (Renewable Sources, Non - ren...Nitish Sharma
This document summarizes energy resources and consumption in India. It finds that renewable sources like solar, wind and hydro currently contribute less than coal and other non-renewable sources. Solar and wind energy potential exists across India, while major hydro plants are located in states like Odisha. Coal reserves are highest in states like Odisha, while crude oil comes from offshore fields and states like Gujarat and Rajasthan. It concludes that India needs sustainable energy options to support development due to constraints on domestic resources and climate issues, and recommends policies to promote energy efficiency and conservation.
Electricity is the life blood of Economic development of any country. The success of any country is only possible with the availability of it. The people of Afghanistan desperately need it for their socio economic development. All major polls show that Afghans wants electricity more than anything else.
The decades of war have left the country's infrastructure unfortunately spifflicated as well as the power grid badly damaged so it becomes more difficult to get electricity out there fast by using conventional cheap electricity generation methods.
The provision of renewable energy power plants to Afghan villages is a feasible speedy solution which can provide the electricity in few days with no fuel cost. Sustainable energy can be provided and the dream comes true.
Energy can be provided by the burning fossil fuel but the main drawback associated with it is the unfortunate security issues in the country. So for time being production of energy from renewable such as solar, wind, bio gas seems only the feasible solution.
Firstly, an on grid provision of electricity may be established for Afghans further it may be extended to off grid solution with step by step installation at selected vicinity on the basis of good maintenance of current grid system.
The first quarter of 2009 has ushered in a new era for the alternate energy market in the US. This has resulted in a visible increase in interest on alternate energy technologies. Most would think the attention to alternate energy has come just in time, especially with the rise in fossil fuel prices, stringent environmental regulations, and significant changes in preferences among consumers.
The document discusses India's energy needs and roadmap. It notes that India is both a major energy producer and consumer, but is still a net importer due to its large oil consumption. It highlights India's growing energy demand and dependence on imports as major concerns. The document outlines India's current energy sources and proposes various options to meet future demand, including fossil fuels, hydrogen, nuclear, biomass, and renewable energy. It emphasizes the need for a sustainable energy pathway to ensure India's energy security.
Renewable energy realities in the united states finalDeepa Sanyal
Renewable energy sources generated 11.73% of US energy in early 2011, projected to reach 15% by 2035 if federal subsidies expire as planned. In 2012, focus will shift to state policies like renewable portfolio standards as federal action is unlikely in an election year. Key federal incentives that support renewable projects expire in 2012-2016, so the industry outlook is cautious without extensions. Solar continues advancing towards grid parity while targeting new applications, and geothermal and biomass also see some growth potential depending on policy clarity.
heavily on fossil fuel
Need to shift toward renewable energy
Government take initiative to increase share of
renewable energy
R&D and technology advancement help to make
renewable energy economical
Public private partnership play a crucial role
With proper policy and planning, India can meet
energy demand from renewable energy sources
This document discusses India's energy sector. It notes that India relies heavily on fossil fuels but is seeking to increase its use of renewable energy. Some key points made include:
- India relies on fossil fuels for 80% of its energy needs but resources are limited and cause pollution.
- Renewable energy development is increasing, with solar and wind being major focuses. The National
This document contains talking points from the Competitive Enterprise Institute on climate-related amendments to the Senate energy bill. It criticizes the Lieberman-McCain amendment to regulate carbon dioxide emissions as enormously costly. It also criticizes the proposed 10% renewable portfolio standard and Senator Bingaman's climate title, arguing they would raise energy prices and build support for energy rationing.
Discusses 7 or 8 energy myths and provides statistics to refute these myths. Presentation give at the 2011 APES Reading professional night by Susan Postawko
Ensuring energy for development of bangladeshImran Subho
Ensuring energy security is essential for Bangladesh to achieve its goal of becoming a middle income country by 2021. Energy security drives a country's growth and its lack can compromise sustainable development. Bangladesh has adopted policies and goals to increase power generation through coal and nuclear plants as well as renewable sources like solar to meet rising energy demand and reduce reliance on natural gas. However, continued efforts are needed such as reducing transmission losses, strengthening regulatory oversight, and exploring additional generation sources to fully ensure energy security for powering Bangladesh's economic and social development.
Pakistan has faced an ongoing energy crisis for years due to rising demand outpacing supply. The gap between demand and supply reached 4,500MW in 2008, indicating a 40% deficit. While some short-term measures were taken, long-term solutions were not pursued aggressively. Pakistan has significant untapped hydropower and renewable energy potential but projects like Kalabagh Dam and Neelum-Jehlum were delayed, increasing costs. Alternative energy sources like solar and wind could power much of the country if developed properly. However, circular debt issues, line losses, lack of infrastructure investments, and insufficient focus on large-scale projects have impeded progress in resolving the crisis.
PLAN B NO BS - N. IV, III Minimize CARBON, RESOURCES, in Cities where 50% of ...Start Loving
The document proposes several strategies for improving urban sustainability, including redesigning transport systems to be more bike and pedestrian friendly, implementing water recycling and composting toilets to reduce water usage, and promoting urban agriculture. It also discusses examples of cities that have successfully implemented these kinds of sustainability programs, such as Bogota, Curitiba, and Singapore.
PLAN B NO BS - B. Creation Collapsing as I POVERTY, II POPULATION, III RESOUR...Start Loving
The document discusses several issues facing the world including poverty, population growth, environmental degradation, and their interaction and effects. Key points include:
1) Life expectancy has declined in some areas due to HIV/AIDS and hunger. There are also large gaps between countries and regions.
2) Environmental pollution is causing health issues in places like China where cancer deaths have surpassed others.
3) Poverty, disease, and lack of resources reinforce one another and are overwhelming some national governments. Problems will continue to worsen if not addressed.
The document discusses energy conservation in India. It notes that while India has 5% of the world's population, it accounts for 26% of global energy use. Improving energy efficiency through technologies like compact fluorescent light bulbs, solar water heating, better insulation, and higher efficiency appliances can significantly reduce energy costs for Indian households while cutting carbon emissions. Energy conservation has already saved India an estimated $12 billion per year in avoided electricity costs compared to continuing higher usage trends, but further opportunities remain in buildings, transportation, and industry.
This document summarizes a presentation given by Tom-Pierre Frappé-Sénéclauze on developing a comprehensive energy retrofit strategy for buildings in British Columbia. The presentation outlines policy context and goals for reducing emissions from buildings, barriers to retrofits at scale, and key strategies to accelerate retrofits, including benchmarking and disclosure requirements, incentives and financing programs, and integrating supply chains to deliver deep retrofits. The final section highlights an integrated retrofit model from the Netherlands called Energiesprong that has achieved net zero energy retrofits at scale.
This document summarizes a presentation about implementing the BC Energy Step Code given on February 14, 2018. It discusses how the Step Code establishes consistent energy efficiency standards for new construction across BC to meet the province's target of net-zero energy ready buildings by 2032. It provides an overview of the Step Code's requirements for building envelopes, equipment, and testing. Case studies demonstrate how to meet Step 3 in different climate zones. Local governments are adopting the Step Code into bylaw or consulting with stakeholders. Resources and incentives are being developed to support industry compliance.
Energy consumption and economic wellbeingnanditasarker
This document discusses energy consumption trends globally and by various countries and sectors. It makes three key points:
1. Energy is essential for improving living standards and powering economic development as countries industrialize. Energy supplies will need to expand to meet growing demand.
2. Total energy consumption and per capita energy usage has increased significantly in recent decades, especially in developing countries like China, and is projected to continue rising to support economic growth.
3. Transportation, industry, and residential sectors account for the majority of energy consumption, with natural gas and oil being the dominant fuel sources globally and in most countries. Improving energy efficiency can reduce costs for economies.
The Global Energy Challenges on Role Of Nuclear Energy and Climate ChangeMahfuzur Rahman Titu
The document summarizes the objectives and key topics discussed at the 5th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering and Renewable Energy (ICMERE-2019). The conference focused on studying current global energy consumption and the role of different energy sources like fossil fuels, nuclear power, and renewables. It discussed challenges like meeting increasing demand through low-cost and low-carbon sources. Presentations analyzed energy resources, generation and consumption trends over time for different fuels. The impact of various energy sources on climate change and their economic costs were also evaluated. The conference emphasized the need for sustainable energy solutions to address future challenges.
The document is an op-ed arguing against a proposed renewable portfolio standard (RPS) that would require a certain percentage of electricity to come from renewable sources like wind and solar. It summarizes that an RPS would functionally operate like carbon emissions caps by restricting access to more economical fossil fuels and inflating electricity costs. It also argues that an RPS would strengthen lobbying from the renewable industry and likely grow over time into higher requirements. The op-ed urges Republicans in the Senate to reject compromises like the proposed RPS in order to avoid distorting energy markets and increasing costs for consumers.
Renewable energy a viable option sp gonchaudhuriIPPAI
The document discusses renewable energy as a viable option for power generation. It notes that worldwide renewable energy capacity and potential is large, but current consumption is still low, especially for new renewables like solar and wind. However, the scenario is changing rapidly as these sources are being aggressively adopted due to factors like rising fossil fuel prices, environmental pressures, and the need to electrify rural areas. The document uses India as a case study, where over half a billion people lack electricity access. It argues that solar and biomass power are already financially viable options in many remote areas compared to conventional fuels. The projected cost of coal power is also increasing more than previously estimated, suggesting grid parity between coal and solar could be achieved by 2015
The document discusses solar power prospects. It notes that while solar power production is growing rapidly, it still accounts for less than 1% of U.S. electricity output. Solar is among the fastest growing renewable energy technologies but remains more expensive than conventional sources. The document explores when solar power may reach grid parity and be able to compete with other energy sources without subsidies.
The document discusses various options for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and addressing climate change issues. It examines the feasibility and environmental impacts of different energy sources. It notes that substantial reductions in carbon dioxide emissions can only be achieved by switching away from fossil fuels to alternative energy sources like solar, wind, hydrogen fuel cells and biofuels which emit no greenhouse gases. It also discusses the role of urban planning and building design in reducing emissions through efficient land use and construction techniques.
India’s energy scenario in 2015 Nitish Sharma (Renewable Sources, Non - ren...Nitish Sharma
This document summarizes energy resources and consumption in India. It finds that renewable sources like solar, wind and hydro currently contribute less than coal and other non-renewable sources. Solar and wind energy potential exists across India, while major hydro plants are located in states like Odisha. Coal reserves are highest in states like Odisha, while crude oil comes from offshore fields and states like Gujarat and Rajasthan. It concludes that India needs sustainable energy options to support development due to constraints on domestic resources and climate issues, and recommends policies to promote energy efficiency and conservation.
Electricity is the life blood of Economic development of any country. The success of any country is only possible with the availability of it. The people of Afghanistan desperately need it for their socio economic development. All major polls show that Afghans wants electricity more than anything else.
The decades of war have left the country's infrastructure unfortunately spifflicated as well as the power grid badly damaged so it becomes more difficult to get electricity out there fast by using conventional cheap electricity generation methods.
The provision of renewable energy power plants to Afghan villages is a feasible speedy solution which can provide the electricity in few days with no fuel cost. Sustainable energy can be provided and the dream comes true.
Energy can be provided by the burning fossil fuel but the main drawback associated with it is the unfortunate security issues in the country. So for time being production of energy from renewable such as solar, wind, bio gas seems only the feasible solution.
Firstly, an on grid provision of electricity may be established for Afghans further it may be extended to off grid solution with step by step installation at selected vicinity on the basis of good maintenance of current grid system.
The first quarter of 2009 has ushered in a new era for the alternate energy market in the US. This has resulted in a visible increase in interest on alternate energy technologies. Most would think the attention to alternate energy has come just in time, especially with the rise in fossil fuel prices, stringent environmental regulations, and significant changes in preferences among consumers.
The document discusses India's energy needs and roadmap. It notes that India is both a major energy producer and consumer, but is still a net importer due to its large oil consumption. It highlights India's growing energy demand and dependence on imports as major concerns. The document outlines India's current energy sources and proposes various options to meet future demand, including fossil fuels, hydrogen, nuclear, biomass, and renewable energy. It emphasizes the need for a sustainable energy pathway to ensure India's energy security.
Renewable energy realities in the united states finalDeepa Sanyal
Renewable energy sources generated 11.73% of US energy in early 2011, projected to reach 15% by 2035 if federal subsidies expire as planned. In 2012, focus will shift to state policies like renewable portfolio standards as federal action is unlikely in an election year. Key federal incentives that support renewable projects expire in 2012-2016, so the industry outlook is cautious without extensions. Solar continues advancing towards grid parity while targeting new applications, and geothermal and biomass also see some growth potential depending on policy clarity.
heavily on fossil fuel
Need to shift toward renewable energy
Government take initiative to increase share of
renewable energy
R&D and technology advancement help to make
renewable energy economical
Public private partnership play a crucial role
With proper policy and planning, India can meet
energy demand from renewable energy sources
This document discusses India's energy sector. It notes that India relies heavily on fossil fuels but is seeking to increase its use of renewable energy. Some key points made include:
- India relies on fossil fuels for 80% of its energy needs but resources are limited and cause pollution.
- Renewable energy development is increasing, with solar and wind being major focuses. The National
This document contains talking points from the Competitive Enterprise Institute on climate-related amendments to the Senate energy bill. It criticizes the Lieberman-McCain amendment to regulate carbon dioxide emissions as enormously costly. It also criticizes the proposed 10% renewable portfolio standard and Senator Bingaman's climate title, arguing they would raise energy prices and build support for energy rationing.
Discusses 7 or 8 energy myths and provides statistics to refute these myths. Presentation give at the 2011 APES Reading professional night by Susan Postawko
Ensuring energy for development of bangladeshImran Subho
Ensuring energy security is essential for Bangladesh to achieve its goal of becoming a middle income country by 2021. Energy security drives a country's growth and its lack can compromise sustainable development. Bangladesh has adopted policies and goals to increase power generation through coal and nuclear plants as well as renewable sources like solar to meet rising energy demand and reduce reliance on natural gas. However, continued efforts are needed such as reducing transmission losses, strengthening regulatory oversight, and exploring additional generation sources to fully ensure energy security for powering Bangladesh's economic and social development.
Pakistan has faced an ongoing energy crisis for years due to rising demand outpacing supply. The gap between demand and supply reached 4,500MW in 2008, indicating a 40% deficit. While some short-term measures were taken, long-term solutions were not pursued aggressively. Pakistan has significant untapped hydropower and renewable energy potential but projects like Kalabagh Dam and Neelum-Jehlum were delayed, increasing costs. Alternative energy sources like solar and wind could power much of the country if developed properly. However, circular debt issues, line losses, lack of infrastructure investments, and insufficient focus on large-scale projects have impeded progress in resolving the crisis.
PLAN B NO BS - N. IV, III Minimize CARBON, RESOURCES, in Cities where 50% of ...Start Loving
The document proposes several strategies for improving urban sustainability, including redesigning transport systems to be more bike and pedestrian friendly, implementing water recycling and composting toilets to reduce water usage, and promoting urban agriculture. It also discusses examples of cities that have successfully implemented these kinds of sustainability programs, such as Bogota, Curitiba, and Singapore.
PLAN B NO BS - B. Creation Collapsing as I POVERTY, II POPULATION, III RESOUR...Start Loving
The document discusses several issues facing the world including poverty, population growth, environmental degradation, and their interaction and effects. Key points include:
1) Life expectancy has declined in some areas due to HIV/AIDS and hunger. There are also large gaps between countries and regions.
2) Environmental pollution is causing health issues in places like China where cancer deaths have surpassed others.
3) Poverty, disease, and lack of resources reinforce one another and are overwhelming some national governments. Problems will continue to worsen if not addressed.
PLAN B NO BS - F. I. AVERT MASS POVERTY Increase– Feed 8 billion well. C9 V1Start Loving
1. Farmers are faced with challenges like shrinking irrigation water supplies, diminishing returns from fertilizer, and rising temperatures that are challenging world grain production.
2. Measures to address this include breeding more drought-tolerant crops, expanding multicropping, and improving irrigation efficiency in places like Africa through practices like planting leguminous trees.
3. Securing land ownership, raising irrigation efficiency, and establishing local water user groups can boost productivity by encouraging investment and better management of water resources.
Plan b no bs f. i. avert mass poverty increase– feed 8 billion well. c9 v1Start Loving
This document discusses strategies for increasing food production efficiency to address rising global population and food demand. It recommends breeding more drought and cold tolerant crops, increasing multi-cropping, additional fertilization in Africa, securing land ownership, raising irrigation efficiency, moving to more efficient animal protein production, aquaculture such as fish polyculture, and using crops and land more productively.
The document discusses the importance of developing a business plan to help operate and grow a business successfully. It provides guidance on the essential components of an effective business plan, including describing the business, market, management team, marketing strategy, and financial projections. The business plan should then be used as a management tool and benchmark for progress as adjustments are made based on market conditions.
PLAN B NO BS - A. Deathbed - Earth, ALL Creation but A final Chance Remains -...Start Loving
The document warns that humanity's extinction is imminent due to accelerating environmental collapse caused by climate change, resource depletion, and pollution. Key points include glacial and ice sheet melting raising sea levels by over 6 feet this century and displacing 600 million people, as well as collapsing ecosystems, forests, fisheries, and water supplies due to market failures to incorporate environmental costs. The author argues that urgent action is needed to transition off fossil fuels and stabilize population to avoid an irreversible extermination of humanity.
Handbook of fundamental social change.
TRANSCRIPT, TEXT, VIDEOS HERE: http://jesusgodgoodetcnjay.blogspot.com/2012/02/occupy-dc-guide-to-accelerated-high.html
More at http://jesusgodgoodetcnjay.blogspot.com/
¿Energía sostenible para el mundo?
Por Sir Christopher Llewellyn Smith, Director de Investigación Energética en la Universidad de Oxford y Ex director general del CERN.
GREEN ENERGY’S ECONOMIC PROGRESS
Reducing carbon missions by 51% in 2030
-Environmental, social, and governance funds have more than tripled to reach $2 Trillion.
-Three new “Mean Green” board members are forcing Exxon to clean up its act.
-GM is betting big on batteries for electric vehicles with a new $2.3 billion plant in Ohio.
-Advances in electric vehicles and next-generation nuclear reactors are helping the US achieve its goal of reducing carbon emissions to net zero by 2050.
Solar has strong long-term growth potential due to falling costs and increasing government support. Solar costs have already fallen 85% since 2010 and are projected to drop another 71% by 2050, making solar competitive with or cheaper than fossil fuel electricity sources. The solar industry is growing rapidly at a 21% annual rate, led by China, India, the US and Japan. Pairing solar with battery storage provides a robust 24/7 renewable energy solution as battery costs also continue to decline sharply. The MAC Global Solar Energy Index tracks the performance of publicly traded solar companies and provides a diversified way to invest in the global solar sector through an exchange traded fund.
The document discusses how government CIOs can help make Canada a world leader in the next industrial transformation by building a zero carbon economy through information and communication technologies (ICT). It outlines challenges like rising ICT carbon emissions and costs of carbon taxes. It proposes using ICT and new network architectures that follow renewable energy sources to provide reliable services and share infrastructure costs. This could create economic benefits while helping transition to renewable energy and a carbon-positive economy through "gCommerce" rewards rather than taxes.
Infographic: Buildings and Climate Change ECFoundation
The Fifth Assessment Report from the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is the
most comprehensive and relevant analysis of our
changing climate. It provides the scientific fact base
that will be used around the world to formulate
climate policies in the coming years.
This document is one of a series synthesizing the most pertinent findings
of AR5 for specific economic and business sectors. It was born of the belief
that the agriculture sector could make more use of AR5, which is long and
highly technical, if it were distilled into an accurate, accessible, timely,
relevant and readable summary.
Although the information presented here is a ‘translation’ of the key
content relevant to this sector from AR5, this summary report adheres to
the rigorous scientific basis of the original source material.
Grateful thanks are extended to all reviewers from both the science and
business communities for their time, effort and invaluable feedback on
this document.
The basis for information presented in this overview report can be found
in the fully-referenced and peer-reviewed IPCC technical and scientific
background reports at: www.ipcc.ch
The need for expanded nuclear energy is urgent. Global energy demand is expected to grow by at least 50% by 2035, with electric demand in the developing world expected to triple.
Presently, more than one billion people completely lack electricity access and billions more consume one tenth or less of the electricity per capita consumed in the OECD. Much of that supply is intermittent.
At the same time, 81% of the world’s energy, and two thirds of the world’s electricity, is derived from fossil fuels, while emissions from fossil fuel combustion are a major factor driving global climate change.
This document summarizes a technical seminar on biomass power. It discusses increasing global population and energy demand, the role of alternative energies, and implications for the future. Key points include that demand for oil is projected to grow 30-50% in the next two decades; biomass has potential as a viable fuel but major infrastructure changes would be needed; and providing stable, affordable energy for a growing population will require utilizing all available energy sources including fossil fuels, nuclear, and renewables. The conclusions are that all forms of energy production will be needed to meet demand.
This document discusses the benefits of solar energy generation over fossil fuels for electricity production in the UK. It notes that solar energy is an abundant and renewable resource, while coal, oil, and natural gas reserves are depleting. The UK government has implemented a Feed-in Tariff program to encourage more individuals and businesses to install small-scale solar panel systems. This program pays participants for all electricity generated by their solar systems and helps the UK make progress toward its goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 80% by 2050. Installing a solar panel system can provide a tax-free income from the Feed-in Tariff for 25 years and lower electricity bills.
This document discusses issues with centralized power generation and promotes distributed and renewable energy alternatives. It notes that centralized power is inefficient due to wasted heat from remote power plants and transmission losses over long distances. Large centralized projects also often run over budget and time. Distributed generation using renewable sources like solar and wind at the local level is presented as more efficient and reliable, while also allowing individuals more control over their energy supply through technologies like solar water heating and photovoltaics. Demand management through energy efficiency and conservation is also advocated to reduce energy usage and costs.
The document discusses the potential impacts of information and communication technologies (ICT) on climate change and the environment. It notes that ICT carbon emissions are growing rapidly and could match the aviation industry's emissions by 2020 if no action is taken. However, ICT also provides an opportunity to build a zero-carbon economy if infrastructure like data centers, networks, and devices are designed to be more energy efficient and powered by renewable energy. The document advocates transitioning to an "information internet" model that relies more on cloud services and content distribution networks rather than traditional end-to-end connectivity.
The document discusses the investment case for solar energy. It notes the following key points:
1) Solar has impressive long-term growth potential with forecasts of $4.2 trillion in spending on solar equipment through 2050 and solar PV generating 38% of global electricity by 2050, up from 11% today.
2) The levelized cost of electricity from solar has already plunged 85% since 2010 due to technology advances and economies of scale, and is projected to plunge another 71% by 2050, making solar one of the lowest cost electricity solutions.
3) Government support continues to benefit the solar industry, though solar has become a self-sustaining industry due to lower costs and no longer needs
Wind Energy in Dominican Republic ProposalCarlos Rymer
This document discusses the potential for wind energy development in the Dominican Republic. It notes that the country has an estimated wind energy potential of 24,600 GWh per year using 3% of the country's land area. Various economic scenarios are presented comparing the costs of wind energy development versus coal plant development. Under scenarios that place a tax on carbon emissions, wind energy is shown to have a cost advantage over coal. The document recommends that the Dominican government pass laws committing the country to obtaining 30% of its electricity from wind by 2020 and fund the development through a 2% tax on tourism sector transactions. This would help develop a clean energy industry and reduce electricity costs while creating many jobs.
1. Ontario relies on a diverse mix of energy sources including nuclear, hydroelectric, natural gas and renewables like wind and solar.
2. While renewables like wind and solar are growing, they currently only provide a small portion of Ontario's energy due to their intermittent nature.
3. The mining and production of materials for renewables like rare earth metals used in wind turbines causes significant environmental problems, particularly in China which dominates global rare earth supply.
Week 8 -The Future of Renewable Energy Systems in Ontario.pptxlovepreetsingh874057
Ontario's energy system relies primarily on nuclear and hydroelectric generation. Nuclear provides most of the province's baseload supply through reactors like the CANDU system. As nuclear plants age, there is debate around extending their operations or replacing capacity. Renewables like wind and solar provide some intermittent supply but integration challenges remain. Natural gas plants help balance the grid during fluctuations in renewable output. Energy storage and new demand for electricity are areas of focus as the grid transitions further towards lower-carbon sources. Nuclear waste management and public perception of risk also influence energy planning debates.
The document summarizes key findings from an Accenture analysis of how demand for different energy sources may change between now and 2035. It identifies five portfolio plays that could help oil and gas companies succeed in the changing energy landscape: 1) Growing natural gas demand, especially in Asia. 2) Producing oil at the lowest possible cost. 3) Developing carbon capture and industrial efficiency technologies. 4) Producing "blue" hydrogen from natural gas with carbon capture. 5) Winning in biofuels and low-carbon products like bio-lubricants. The analysis projects continued overall energy demand growth but significant changes in the fuel mix across regions and sectors.
UN-HABITAT is working to promote urban planning as a way to mitigate climate change because well-planned cities provide a better foundation for sustainable development. The UK government aims to make the majority of newly built homes zero-carbon by 2016 by exempting them from stamp duty for a limited time starting this year. However, critics argue this may increase costs and the government has not explained how the goal will be achieved. UN-HABITAT deals with climate change and urban development, including through urban planning, as part of its mandate from the UN.
Bristol Energy Cooperative Bond Offer July 2017Andy O'Brien
Bristol Energy Cooperative (BEC) launches a new crowdfund to continue its journey to become a major generator of community-owned clean energy.
The crowdfund target of £1,150,000 will enable BEC to repay previous loans and invest in new micro-renewable generation and storage schemes. These include a 100kW Tesla battery storage project at a new sustainable housing site.
This bond offer builds on the popularity of BEC’s energy schemes where surplus profits are reinvested into the community. BEC has a proven track record of funding and developing renewables, including raising the ambitious sum of £10m last year.
Find out more in Director Andy O'Brien's presentation detailing BEC's plans for the future.
The document discusses various efforts to address global warming through reducing carbon emissions, including incentives for more fuel efficient vehicles, developing renewable energy sources, and taxing carbon emissions. It also provides examples of current and developing green technologies like solar panels, wind turbines, geothermal systems, algae biofuels, and carbon credits. The costs of alternative fuels are compared to traditional sources like coal and policies to promote green jobs are mentioned.
Similar to PLAN B NO BS - L. IV, III OBSOLETE CARBON Coal, and the Squandering of RESOURCES, with Effeciency Gains. C11 V1 (20)
PLAN B NO BS - C. Saving Creation - Bottom Line Summary, Budget of Plan B. C7...Start Loving
The document outlines a plan to address several global issues through investments in areas like renewable energy, education, health, population stabilization, and environmental restoration. The key points are:
1. It proposes investing over $100 billion per year to fund initiatives to transition to renewable energy, universal education, universal health care including family planning, and debt relief for developing nations.
2. An additional $77 billion per year would be needed to accelerate the shift to smaller families and fill funding gaps in education, health, and reducing population growth.
3. Investing $113 billion annually in environmental restoration initiatives including reforestation, soil conservation, restoring fisheries and rangelands, and expanding protected areas.
PLAN B NO BS - D. Global Marshall Plan to Save Creation. C13 V1Start Loving
This document discusses the need to shift taxes and subsidies away from environmentally destructive activities and towards more sustainable practices. It argues that the current economic system fails to accurately account for environmental costs, and proposes several policy changes to internalize these externalities, such as:
1. Implementing carbon taxes on fossil fuels and other polluting industries to reflect the true social costs of environmental damage and climate change.
2. Shifting taxes from income to carbon emissions, through higher gasoline taxes and vehicle taxes, to incentivize renewable energy and more sustainable transportation options.
3. Eliminating over $700 billion in annual global subsidies that currently support activities like fossil fuel production, deforestation, and overfishing.
PLAN B NO BS - E. I. ERADICATE POVERTY, II. STABILIZE POPULATION. C7 V1Start Loving
1. The document outlines various policies and programs to reduce poverty and accelerate development, including universal primary education, teacher training, scholarships, literacy programs, school lunch programs, and expanding access to reproductive healthcare.
2. It notes that investments in education and health are cornerstones of human capital development and population stabilization.
3. Achieving the goals outlined would require an additional $77 billion in funding per year.
PLAN B NO BS - G. III RESOURCE RAPE - WATER. Western Affloholic Rape and Plun...Start Loving
Lake Chad has shrunk 96% in 40 years due to declining rainfall and water use for irrigation. Aquifer overpumping has led to falling water tables around the world, including in major grain producers like China, India, and the US. As water scarcity grows due to population increase, many rivers are running dry or disappearing, including the Yellow River in China, the Indus River that supplies much of Pakistan's irrigation, and the Aral Sea in Central Asia, which has lost 80% of its volume.
PLAN B NO BS - H. III RESOURCE RAPE Natural Systems Under Terminal Stress. C5 V1Start Loving
- Soil erosion and degradation are causing widespread environmental and agricultural problems around the world. As soils are depleted, agricultural production declines and millions face hunger and malnutrition. Deforestation is a major driver of soil loss, as it removes protective vegetation and disrupts water cycles. If not addressed, soil erosion risks creating new "dust bowls" that can destroy livelihoods and ecosystems. Reversing these trends is critical to global food security and the environment.
PLAN B NO BS - I. III. RESTORE, LIVE WITHIN Earth RESOURCES. C8 V1Start Loving
1. Restoring the earth will require massive reforestation efforts, conservation of soils, restoration of fisheries and rangelands, and protection of biodiversity.
2. Achieving this will require investments totaling approximately $113 billion per year through activities like retiring erodible farmland, adopting conservation tillage practices, and reforesting degraded lands.
3. Reforestation costs approximately $400 per hectare including seedlings and labor, so planting 150 million hectares over 10 years would cost around $6 billion annually.
PLAN B NO BS - J. IV CARBON Oil - 20th Century's Fatal Seductress. C2 V1Start Loving
- Oil production has increased 180-fold over the 20th century, fueling population growth and modern civilization. However, the world's largest oil fields have already been discovered and global production is now in decline.
- Alternative sources like tar sands require much more energy to produce and are highly polluting. As conventional oil supplies dwindle, global competition and conflict over remaining reserves is likely to intensify.
- Agriculture has also become heavily dependent on oil to power machinery, transport food, and produce fertilizers. Declining oil supplies threaten the ability to feed the world's population in the coming decades. Difficult system-wide changes will be needed to transition to post-oil sustainable farming.
PLAN B NO BS - K. IV CARBON Coal, Oil Drowning, Frying, Killing us. C3 V1Start Loving
1. Climate change is causing glaciers and ice sheets to melt rapidly, which will raise sea levels and force many coastal dwellers to relocate.
2. Rising temperatures are also causing more frequent and intense heat waves, droughts, and wildfires, reducing agricultural production and threatening global food security.
3. The climate is changing much faster than anticipated due to human emissions, and further warming of 2-11°F this century is virtually certain unless carbon emissions are quickly reduced.
PLAN B NO BS - O. Repeat, Saving Creation - Bottom Line Summary, Budget of Pl...Start Loving
The document outlines a plan to address several global issues through investments in areas like renewable energy, education, health, population stabilization, and environmental restoration. The key points are:
1. It proposes investing over $100 billion per year to fund initiatives to transition to renewable energy, universal education, universal health care including family planning, and debt relief for developing nations.
2. An additional $77 billion per year would be needed to accelerate the shift to smaller families and fill funding gaps in education, health, and reducing population growth.
3. Investing $113 billion annually in environmental restoration initiatives including reforestation, soil conservation, restoring fisheries and rangelands, and expanding protected areas.
This document summarizes key points from Lester Brown's book "Plan B 3.0: Mobilizing to Save Civilization". The book outlines four overriding goals: stabilizing the climate, stabilizing population, eradicating poverty, and restoring ecosystems. It argues that we must cut carbon emissions 80% by 2020 through raising efficiency, renewable energy, and reforestation. However, it notes that we are in a race between tipping points in the environment and building sufficient political will for action. The challenges are great but the technologies exist to transition our energy system if political leadership can be mobilized.
Chapter 2 deteriorating food and oil securityStart Loving
The document summarizes how peak oil and rising food prices threaten global food security. It notes that the world is increasingly dependent on oil for food production and transportation, but global oil production is peaking while demand rises. As a result, food and fuel prices are increasingly linked, with grain prices rising to oil equivalents. This diversion of food crops to fuel and higher input costs reduces the global food supply at a time when population is growing. The convergence of these trends risks increasing hunger, conflict, and state failures in vulnerable countries.
1. Global temperatures are rising due to climate change caused by human carbon emissions, melting glaciers and ice sheets.
2. Rising temperatures are causing more extreme weather events like heat waves and droughts, reducing crop yields and endangering food security.
3. Melting mountain glaciers and snowpack threaten to reduce water supplies for hundreds of millions depending on rivers fed by glacial melt.
Chapter 6 failing states and other early signs of declineStart Loving
Early signs of decline are emerging in many parts of the world. In sub-Saharan Africa, life expectancy has fallen by 10 years due to HIV/AIDS. Other problems include rising inequality, environmental degradation, and failing governments overwhelmed by complex problems. Pollution is also damaging health worldwide, with air pollution alone causing 3 million deaths each year.
Ch 7 eradicating poverty and stabilizing populationStart Loving
This document discusses strategies for eradicating poverty and stabilizing global population growth. It notes that China and India have lifted millions out of poverty through strong economic growth rates over recent decades. However, sub-Saharan Africa is facing increasing poverty, hunger, disease, and population growth that could undermine anti-poverty goals. Key strategies discussed include universal primary education, better access to reproductive healthcare and family planning, and nutrition programs like school lunches to improve education and reduce population growth. Iran is cited as an example of a country that rapidly reduced its population growth rate through a comprehensive national family planning program.
This document discusses the need to restore the earth by protecting and restoring forests, reducing pressure on forests through reducing wood use and increasing recycling, conserving and rebuilding soils through practices like no-till farming, protecting plant and animal diversity through increasing protected areas and addressing threats like climate change, and planting trees to sequester carbon and help address climate change. Specific examples are provided from countries like South Korea, China, the US, and others of programs and policies that have helped restore forests and landscapes. The overall message is that a large, global effort is needed to restore the earth's health and support both environmental and economic systems.
This document discusses feeding the world's growing population in a sustainable way. It summarizes that China has gone from widespread hunger to becoming a major food aid donor through agricultural reforms. World grain production has tripled since 1950 due to new crops and fertilizers, but faces challenges from limited resources. Raising water and land productivity, producing protein more efficiently, and dietary changes can help meet future needs.
Urbanization is increasing rapidly, with more than half of people now living in cities. Many cities are facing problems with pollution, traffic, and resource use that impact livability. Some cities are redesigning transport systems to be more multi-modal and pedestrian-friendly, reducing car usage and increasing options like biking and public transit. Cities are also working to reuse water and implement composting toilets to reduce their environmental footprint and dependence on distant resources.
The document discusses the growth of renewable energy sources like wind and solar. It notes that new electrical capacity from renewable sources exceeded conventional sources in Europe in 2006, making it the first continent to enter the new renewable energy era. Wind generating capacity increased significantly in the US and Texas in 2006. The document outlines growth in various countries' use of wind, solar, and geothermal energy. It argues that harnessing renewable energy on a large scale can help reduce carbon emissions by 80% and discusses plans to rapidly expand wind and solar energy generation globally by 2020 through large investments.
This document discusses the need for a massive global mobilization to combat climate change similar to the US mobilization during WWII. It argues we must rapidly restructure the global economy to be powered by renewables, shift from fossil fuels to EVs, end deforestation, and incorporate environmental costs into pricing. Specific policies proposed include carbon taxes, ending subsidies for coal/oil, boosting renewables, and shifting retirement service overseas. Failure to act could lead to economic and societal collapse as environmental tipping points are passed.
Plan B 3.0 Ch 5 Natural Systems Under StressStart Loving
Plan B 3.0 Audio Book here - http://www.youtube.com/user/StartLoving4#grid/user/96C0AF186A6025E2 PDF http://www.earth-policy.org/images/uploads/book_files/pb3book.pdf
The Microsoft 365 Migration Tutorial For Beginner.pptxoperationspcvita
This presentation will help you understand the power of Microsoft 365. However, we have mentioned every productivity app included in Office 365. Additionally, we have suggested the migration situation related to Office 365 and how we can help you.
You can also read: https://www.systoolsgroup.com/updates/office-365-tenant-to-tenant-migration-step-by-step-complete-guide/
AppSec PNW: Android and iOS Application Security with MobSFAjin Abraham
Mobile Security Framework - MobSF is a free and open source automated mobile application security testing environment designed to help security engineers, researchers, developers, and penetration testers to identify security vulnerabilities, malicious behaviours and privacy concerns in mobile applications using static and dynamic analysis. It supports all the popular mobile application binaries and source code formats built for Android and iOS devices. In addition to automated security assessment, it also offers an interactive testing environment to build and execute scenario based test/fuzz cases against the application.
This talk covers:
Using MobSF for static analysis of mobile applications.
Interactive dynamic security assessment of Android and iOS applications.
Solving Mobile app CTF challenges.
Reverse engineering and runtime analysis of Mobile malware.
How to shift left and integrate MobSF/mobsfscan SAST and DAST in your build pipeline.
zkStudyClub - LatticeFold: A Lattice-based Folding Scheme and its Application...Alex Pruden
Folding is a recent technique for building efficient recursive SNARKs. Several elegant folding protocols have been proposed, such as Nova, Supernova, Hypernova, Protostar, and others. However, all of them rely on an additively homomorphic commitment scheme based on discrete log, and are therefore not post-quantum secure. In this work we present LatticeFold, the first lattice-based folding protocol based on the Module SIS problem. This folding protocol naturally leads to an efficient recursive lattice-based SNARK and an efficient PCD scheme. LatticeFold supports folding low-degree relations, such as R1CS, as well as high-degree relations, such as CCS. The key challenge is to construct a secure folding protocol that works with the Ajtai commitment scheme. The difficulty, is ensuring that extracted witnesses are low norm through many rounds of folding. We present a novel technique using the sumcheck protocol to ensure that extracted witnesses are always low norm no matter how many rounds of folding are used. Our evaluation of the final proof system suggests that it is as performant as Hypernova, while providing post-quantum security.
Paper Link: https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/257
[OReilly Superstream] Occupy the Space: A grassroots guide to engineering (an...Jason Yip
The typical problem in product engineering is not bad strategy, so much as “no strategy”. This leads to confusion, lack of motivation, and incoherent action. The next time you look for a strategy and find an empty space, instead of waiting for it to be filled, I will show you how to fill it in yourself. If you’re wrong, it forces a correction. If you’re right, it helps create focus. I’ll share how I’ve approached this in the past, both what works and lessons for what didn’t work so well.
In the realm of cybersecurity, offensive security practices act as a critical shield. By simulating real-world attacks in a controlled environment, these techniques expose vulnerabilities before malicious actors can exploit them. This proactive approach allows manufacturers to identify and fix weaknesses, significantly enhancing system security.
This presentation delves into the development of a system designed to mimic Galileo's Open Service signal using software-defined radio (SDR) technology. We'll begin with a foundational overview of both Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and the intricacies of digital signal processing.
The presentation culminates in a live demonstration. We'll showcase the manipulation of Galileo's Open Service pilot signal, simulating an attack on various software and hardware systems. This practical demonstration serves to highlight the potential consequences of unaddressed vulnerabilities, emphasizing the importance of offensive security practices in safeguarding critical infrastructure.
The Department of Veteran Affairs (VA) invited Taylor Paschal, Knowledge & Information Management Consultant at Enterprise Knowledge, to speak at a Knowledge Management Lunch and Learn hosted on June 12, 2024. All Office of Administration staff were invited to attend and received professional development credit for participating in the voluntary event.
The objectives of the Lunch and Learn presentation were to:
- Review what KM ‘is’ and ‘isn’t’
- Understand the value of KM and the benefits of engaging
- Define and reflect on your “what’s in it for me?”
- Share actionable ways you can participate in Knowledge - - Capture & Transfer
Dandelion Hashtable: beyond billion requests per second on a commodity serverAntonios Katsarakis
This slide deck presents DLHT, a concurrent in-memory hashtable. Despite efforts to optimize hashtables, that go as far as sacrificing core functionality, state-of-the-art designs still incur multiple memory accesses per request and block request processing in three cases. First, most hashtables block while waiting for data to be retrieved from memory. Second, open-addressing designs, which represent the current state-of-the-art, either cannot free index slots on deletes or must block all requests to do so. Third, index resizes block every request until all objects are copied to the new index. Defying folklore wisdom, DLHT forgoes open-addressing and adopts a fully-featured and memory-aware closed-addressing design based on bounded cache-line-chaining. This design offers lock-free index operations and deletes that free slots instantly, (2) completes most requests with a single memory access, (3) utilizes software prefetching to hide memory latencies, and (4) employs a novel non-blocking and parallel resizing. In a commodity server and a memory-resident workload, DLHT surpasses 1.6B requests per second and provides 3.5x (12x) the throughput of the state-of-the-art closed-addressing (open-addressing) resizable hashtable on Gets (Deletes).
What is an RPA CoE? Session 1 – CoE VisionDianaGray10
In the first session, we will review the organization's vision and how this has an impact on the COE Structure.
Topics covered:
• The role of a steering committee
• How do the organization’s priorities determine CoE Structure?
Speaker:
Chris Bolin, Senior Intelligent Automation Architect Anika Systems
LF Energy Webinar: Carbon Data Specifications: Mechanisms to Improve Data Acc...DanBrown980551
This LF Energy webinar took place June 20, 2024. It featured:
-Alex Thornton, LF Energy
-Hallie Cramer, Google
-Daniel Roesler, UtilityAPI
-Henry Richardson, WattTime
In response to the urgency and scale required to effectively address climate change, open source solutions offer significant potential for driving innovation and progress. Currently, there is a growing demand for standardization and interoperability in energy data and modeling. Open source standards and specifications within the energy sector can also alleviate challenges associated with data fragmentation, transparency, and accessibility. At the same time, it is crucial to consider privacy and security concerns throughout the development of open source platforms.
This webinar will delve into the motivations behind establishing LF Energy’s Carbon Data Specification Consortium. It will provide an overview of the draft specifications and the ongoing progress made by the respective working groups.
Three primary specifications will be discussed:
-Discovery and client registration, emphasizing transparent processes and secure and private access
-Customer data, centering around customer tariffs, bills, energy usage, and full consumption disclosure
-Power systems data, focusing on grid data, inclusive of transmission and distribution networks, generation, intergrid power flows, and market settlement data
High performance Serverless Java on AWS- GoTo Amsterdam 2024Vadym Kazulkin
Java is for many years one of the most popular programming languages, but it used to have hard times in the Serverless community. Java is known for its high cold start times and high memory footprint, comparing to other programming languages like Node.js and Python. In this talk I'll look at the general best practices and techniques we can use to decrease memory consumption, cold start times for Java Serverless development on AWS including GraalVM (Native Image) and AWS own offering SnapStart based on Firecracker microVM snapshot and restore and CRaC (Coordinated Restore at Checkpoint) runtime hooks. I'll also provide a lot of benchmarking on Lambda functions trying out various deployment package sizes, Lambda memory settings, Java compilation options and HTTP (a)synchronous clients and measure their impact on cold and warm start times.
"Choosing proper type of scaling", Olena SyrotaFwdays
Imagine an IoT processing system that is already quite mature and production-ready and for which client coverage is growing and scaling and performance aspects are life and death questions. The system has Redis, MongoDB, and stream processing based on ksqldb. In this talk, firstly, we will analyze scaling approaches and then select the proper ones for our system.
9. * Cutting net carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions 80
percent by 2020.
* This will halt the rise in atmospheric CO2,
stabilizing it below 400 parts per million
(ppm), up only modestly from the 384 ppm in
2007.
* Will also help keep future temperature rise to
a minimum.
*
10. * Includes stopping deforestation and an,
* Even more ambitious effort to cut fossil fuel
use,
* Raising energy efficiency to offset all projected
demand growth,
* Developing the earth's rich array of renewable
energy resources in order to close down all
coal- and oil-fired power plants.
*
11. * Extremely high costs.
* Lack of investor interest.
* Rea-son to doubt that carbon sequestration will
be economically viable on a meaningful scale
by 2020.
*
12. * We do not count on a buildup in nuclear power.
* Our assumption is that new openings of nuclear
power plants worldwide will simply offset the
closing of aging plants.
* If we use full-cost pricing - requiring utilities
to absorb the costs of
1. Disposing of nuclear waste,
2. Decommissioning the plant when it is worn
out,
3. Insuring the reactors against possible accidents
and terrorist attacks, then
*Building nuclear plants in a
competitive electricity market is
simply not economical.
*
13. * 66% came from fos-sil fuels
* 40 percent from coal,
* 6 percent from oil, and
* 20 percent from natural gas.
* 15 percent from nuclear,
* 16 percent from hydropower,
* 2 percent or so from other renewables.
* Average U.S. Home uses roughly .00001 giga-
watt hours of elec-tricity per year.
*
14. * Supplies 40 percent of the world's electricity.
* 70 percent of the electrical sector's CO2
emissions.
* First priority is to reduce demand enough to
avoid con-structing any new coal-fired power
plants.
* Ger-many has cut coal use 37 percent since
1990.
* United Kingdom has cut coal use 43 percent,
largely by replacing it with north sea natural
gas.
*
15. * Public opposition began to mount.
* California, which imports 20 percent of its
electricity, prohibited the signing of any new
contracts to import electrici-ty produced with
coal.
* Other states, including Florida, Texas,
Minnesota, Washington, and Kansas, followed,
refusing licenses for coal-fired power plants or
otherwise preventing their construction.
*
16. * U.S. Senate majority leader harry Reid of
Nevada, who had been opposing three coal-
fired power plants planned for his own
state, announced that he was extend-ing his
opposition to building coal-fired power plants
anywhere in the world.
* Investment analysts and political leaders are
now beginning to see what has been obvious
for some time to scien-tists such as NASA's
James Hansen, who says that it makes no sense
to build coal-fired power plants when we will
have to bull-doze them in a few years.
*
17. * Perhaps the quickest, easiest, and most
profitable way to reduce electricity use
worldwide—thus cutting carbon emissions—is
simply to change light bulbs.
* Replacing the inefficient incandes-cent light
bulbs that are still widely used today with new
com-pact fluorescents (CFLs) can reduce
electricity use by three fourths.
*
18. *Over its lifetime, each standard (13 watt)
CFL will reduce electricity bills by roughly
$30.
*The energy saved by replacing a 100-watt
incandescent bulb with an equivalent CFL
over its lifetime is sufficient to drive a
Toyota Prius hybrid car from New York to
San Francisco.
*Each one reduces energy use by the
equivalent of 200 pounds of coal over its
lifetime.
*
19. * 2007 Australia announced it would phase out
the sale of incandescent light bulbs by 2010.
* Canada soon fol-lowed, saying it would phase
out incandescents sales by 2012.
* U.S. Coalition of environmental groups joined
with Philips lighting to launch an initiative to
shift to more-efficient bulbs in all of the
country's estimated 4 billion light sockets by
2016.
*
20. * By mid-2007, some 15 states either had passed
or were con-sidering legislation to restrict or
ban the sale of incandescent light bulbs.
* The proposed legislation in New York, for
example, would phase out incandescents by
2012.
* With a dozen or so others restricting or proposing
to restrict use in one way or another, pressure is
building to pass legislation making this shift
nationwide.
* NOTE 12/19/11: Congress voted this week
to DELAY national legislation mandating the
switch to C.F.L’s. HOW COULD YOU ALLOW
THIS!??!!?
*
21. * Brazil, hit by a nationwide electricity shortage
in 2000-02, responded with an ambitious
program to replace incandescents with C.F.L.s.
* An estimated half of its light sockets now contain
these efficient bulbs.
* China—working with the global environment
facility—announced a plan to replace all its
incandescents with more efficient lighting
within a decade, 10 years.
*
22. * C.F.L.'s use only one fourth, 25%, as much
electricity as incandescent light bulbs.
* LED's use one fifth as much electricity as the
old-fash-ioned incandescent bulbs, 20% less
even than C.F.L.s.
* New York City has replaced traditional bulbs
with LEDs in many of its traffic lights, cutting
its annual bill for maintenance and electricity
by $6 million.
* LED costs are still high, however, discouraging
widespread con-sumer use.
*
23. There are numerous technologies for reducing
electricity used for lighting, including:
* Motion sensors that turn lights off when spaces are
unoccupied, such as in washrooms, hallways, and
stairwells.
* In cities, dimmers can be used to reduce street light
intensity, and timers can turn off outside lights that
illuminate monuments or other landmarks when
people are asleep.
* Dim-mers can also be used to take advantage of day
lighting to reduce the intensity of interior lighting.
*
24. 1. Shifting to CFLs in homes, to the most
2. advanced linear fluorescents in office buildings,
commercial outlets, and factories, and to
3. LEDs in traffic lights would cut the world share of
elec-tricity used for lighting from 19 percent to 7
percent. This would save enough electricity to
avoid building 705 coal-fired power plants.
4. By way of comparison, today there are 2,370
coal-fired plants in the world
*Save enough electricity to
avoid building 705 coal-
fired power plants, 30%.
25. * Huge efficiencies exist for many house-hold appliances, such
as refrigerators.
* U.S. Energy policy act of 2005 can prevent 66 more plants:
* Rise in effi-ciency standards that will reduce electricity
demand enough to avoid building 29 coal-fired power plants.
* Other provisions in the act—such as tax incentives that
encourage the
* adoption of energy-efficient technologies, a shift to
* more combined heat and power generation, and the
* adoption of real-time pricing of elec-tricity (a measure that will
discourage optional electricity use during peak demand
periods)—would
* cut electricity demand enough to avoid building an additional 37
coal-fired power plants.
* Altogether, these measures will reduce consumer electricity
and gas bills in 2020 by over $20 billion.
*For every $1 invested in more-efficient
appliances, consumers will save over $4
on their electricity and gas bills.
*
26. * 1980 its appliance manufacturers produced
only
* 50,000 refriger-ators, virtually all for domestic
use.
* 2004 they produced
* 30 million refrigerators, 73 million color TVs, and
24 million clothes washers, many of which were
for export.
* The extraordinary growth of industry, raised
China's electricity use sevenfold from 1980
to 2004.
*
27. *On average use roughly half as much
electricity as Americans or Canadians.
*They still have a large potential for
reducing their usage.
*Refrigerator in Europe uses roughly half as
much electricity as one in the United
States, 50%.
*The most efficient refrigerators on the
market today use only one fourth as
much electricity as the average
refrigerator in Europe,
*AN 88% REDUCTION VS US.
*
28. * That consumed when the appliance is not being used,
* Is up to 10 percent of total electricity consumption.
* Some governments are capping the amount of standby
power used by TV sets, computers, microwaves, DVD
players, and so on at 1 watt per appliance. South
Korea, for example, is mandating a 1-watt limit on
standby levels for many appliances by 2010. Australia
is doing the same for nearly all appliances by 2012.
* A US Study estimates that roughly 5 percent of U.S.
Resi-dential electricity use is consumed by
appliances in standby mode.
* If this figure dropped to 1 percent, which could be
done easily, it would reduce electricity use enough to
avoid building 17 coal-fired power plants.
*
29. * The principal reason that consumers do not buy
the most energy-efficient appliances is because
the improved design and insulation increase
the upfront costs.
* If, however, societies adopt a carbon tax
reflecting the health care costs of breathing
pollut-ed air and the costs of climate
change, the more efficient appli-ances would
be economically much more attractive.
* But also, it is a moral duty. Thou shalt not kill.
*
30. * A worldwide set of appliance efficiency
standards keyed to the most efficient models
on the market would lead to energy sav-ings in
the appliance sector approaching or exceeding
the 12 percent of world electricity savings from
more efficient lighting.
* Gains in lighting and appliance efficiencies
alone would enable us to avoid building
1,410 coal-fired power plants—more than the
1,382 new coal-fired power plants pro-jected
by the international energy agency (IEA) to
be built by 2020.
*Lighting and appliance
efficiency could replace
all new coal plants.
31. * United States, buildings—commercial and
residen-tial—account for 70 percent of
electricity use and over 38 percent of CO2
emissions
* Worldwide, building construction accounts for
40 percent of materials use.
* An energy retro-fit of an older inefficient
building can cut energy use by 20-50 percent
* The next step, shifting entirely to carbon-free
electricity, either generated onsite or
purchased, to heat, cool, and light the building
completes the job. Presto! A zero-carbon
building.
*
32. * Growing sense of "the looming obsoles-cence of
non-green buildings," one that is driving a wave
of reform in both construction and real estate.
Further, Davis Langdon says, "going green is
future-proofing your asset.―
*
33. * Voluntary certification program sets standards so
high that
* It has eclipsed the U.S. Government energy star
certification program for buildings.
* Four certification levels—certified, silver, gold, and
platinum.
* Are attractive to buyers because they have
a. Lower operating costs,
b. higher lease rates, and
c. happier, healthier occupants than traditional
buildings do
*
34. * Site selection - locating the building close to public
transport, such as light rail or buses.
* Energy efficiency, incl. Must maximize the exposure
to daylight, with minimum daylight illu-mination for
75 percent of the occupied space.
* Water efficiency,
* Materials used, and
* Indoor environmental quality.
* Higher cer-tification depends on provision of bicycle
racks and shower facilities for employees.
*
35. * With energy, exceeding the high level of
efficiency required for basic certification earns
additional points. Further points are awarded
for the use of
* Renewable energy,
* Including rooftop solar cells to generate
electricity,
* Rooftop solar water and space heaters, and
* The purchase of green power.
*
36. * Chesapeake Bay Foundation's office building for
its 100 staff members near Annapolis,
Maryland:
* Ground source heat pump for heating and
cooling, a
* Rooftop solar heater for hot water, and
* Sleekly designed composting toilets that produce
a rich humus used to fertilize the landscape
sur-rounding the building.
* Toyota's north American office in Torrance,
California - houses 2,000 employees:
* Large solar-electric generating facility,
* The combination of waterless urinals and
rainwater recycling enable it to operate with 94
per-cent less water than a conventionally
designed building of the same size.
*
37. * 54-story Bank of America tower in New York:
* Its own co-generation power plant and will
* Collect rainwater,
* Reuse waste water, and
* Use recy-cled materials in construction
* New buildings at the world trade center site is
being designed to achieve gold certification.
* 60-story office building in Chicago:
* Use river water to cool the building in
summer, and the
* Rooftop will be covered with plants to reduce
runoff and heat loss.
* Energy-conserving measures will save the owner
$800,000 a year in energy bills.
*
38. * Certi-fication raised construction costs by $4
per square foot.
* The standard- and silver-certified buildings
earned a profit over the first 20 years of $49
per square foot.
* The gold- and platinum-certified buildings
earned $67 per square foot.
*
39. * Today's architectural concepts and construction
technologies enable architects to easily design
new buildings with half the energy
requirements of today's buildings.
* Among the design technologies are:
* Natural day-lighting,
* Rooftop solar-electric cells,
* Natural ventilation,
* Glazed win-dows,
* Reduced water use,
* More-efficient lighting technologies, and
* Motion sensors for lighting.
*
40. * Compelling reasons for countries every-where
to restructure their transport systems:
1. Stabilize atmospheric CO2 lev-els,
2. Prepare for falling oil production,
3. Alleviate traffic conges-tion,
4. Reduce air pollution.
* The U.S. Car-centered trans-portation
model, with three cars for every four people
will not likely be viable over the long term
even for the United States.
*
41. *Transition from a predominantly rural
global soci-ety to a largely urban one:
*By 2020 close to 55 percent of us will be
living in cities, where the role of cars is
diminishing.
*In Europe, where this process is well
along, car sales in almost every country
have peaked and are falling.
*
42. * Will not be enough economically recoverable
oil.
* Oil shocks are now a major security risk.
* US where 88 percent of the 133 million
working people travels to work by car, is
dangerously vulnerable.
*
43. * London –
* A daily $16 toll on cars entering central London.
* Possibly a $50-per-day charge on sport utility
vehicles entering the city because of their high
CO2 emissions.
* Proposal enjoys the sup-port of Londoners by a
three to one margin.
* NY –
* Considering a tax on cars entering the city.
*
44. * New York and San Francisco:
* Taxis in their cities will be hybrids by 2012.
* New York goal is to replace the 13,000 existing
taxis that get roughly 14 miles per gallon with
cars that will get 30-50 miles per gallon, a 3
times improvement.
* Reduce CO2 emissions, fuel use, and local air
pollution.
*
45. * In city - lies with a mix of light rail, buses,
bicycles, cars, and walking.
* Intra-city - over distances of 500 miles or less
belongs to high-speed trains.
* Operating at speeds up to 190 miles per hour.
* Japan's bullet trains carry almost a million
pas-sengers a day.
* On some of the heavily used intercity high-speed
rail lines, trains depart every three minutes.
* Japan's high-speed rail network now stretches for
1,360 miles, linking nearly all its major cities.
*
46. * Early 2007 there were 3,034 miles of high-speed rail
operating in Europe.
* 1,711 more miles to be added by 2010.
* The Paris-to-Brussels link,
* A distance of 194 miles that is
* Covered by train in 85 minutes, when it opened,
* The share of those traveling between the two cities
by train rose from 24 percent to 50 percent, 2
times..
* The car share dropped from 61 percent to 43
percent, a 30% reduction, and
* C02-intensive plane travel virtually disappeared.
*Carbon dioxide emissions per passenger
mile on Europe's high-speed trains are
one third those of its cars and only one
fourth those of its planes.
*
47. * In the Plan B economy, CO2 emissions from
trains will essentially be zero, since they will
be powered by green electricity.
* In addition to being comfortable and
con-venient, these rail links
* Reduce air pollution,
* Congestion, noise, and
* Accidents.
* They also free travelers from the frustrations of
traffic congestion and long airport security check
lines.
* The Economist notes, "Europe is in the grip of a
high speed rail revolution.
*
48. * There is a parallel need to develop an
electrified national rail freight net-work that
would greatly reduce the need for long-haul
trucks.
* Any meaningful global effort to cut transport
co2 emissions begins with the United States,
which consumes more gasoline than the next
20 countries combined, including Japan, China,
Russia, Germany, and Brazil.
* The United States—with 238 mil-lion vehicles
out of the global 860 million, or roughly 28
percent of the world total—not only has the
largest automobile fleet but is near the top in
miles driven per car and near the bottom in
fuel efficiency.
*
49. * 1. Is putting the cost of the carbon in the pump
price –
* Phasing in a gasoline tax of 40 cents per gallon
per year for the next 12 years (for a total rise of
$4.80 a gallon) and offsetting it with a reduction
in income taxes would raise the U.S. Gasoline tax
to the $4-5 per gallon prevailing today in Europe
and Japan.
* 2. Raising the fuel-efficiency standard from the
22 miles per gallon of cars sold in 2006 to 45
miles per gallon by 2020. Reaching our CO2
reduction goal depends on a
* Heavy shift of transportation funds from
highway construction to urban transit and
intercity rail construction.
*
50. * The production, processing, and disposal of
material in our modern throwaway economy
wastes not only material but ener-gy as well.
In nature, one-way linear flows do not survive
long.
* The throwaway economy that has been
evolving over the last half-century is an
aberration, now itself headed for the junk
heap of history.
*
51. * Pioneered in Germany in the early 1990’s.
* Then Schmidt-Bleek, who founded the factor
ten institute in France, showed that raising
resource productivity even more—by a factor of
10—was well within the reach of existing
technology and management, given the right
policy incentives
* In 2002, American architect William McDonough
and German chemist Michael Braungart
coauthored Cradle to Cradle: remaking the
way we make things. They concluded that
waste and pollution are to be avoided entirely.
* "Pollution," said McDonough, "is a symbol of
design failure."
*
52. * Including the production of
plastics, fertilizers, steel, cement, and paper.
* Petrochemical industry, which produces products
such as plastics, fertilizers, and detergents, is the
biggest consumer of energy in the manufacturing
sector, accounting for about 1/3 of worldwide
industrial energy use, 10% of total energy use.
* A large part of industry fossil fuel use is for
feedstock, to manufacture plastics and other
materials, increased recycling can reduce feedstock
needs.
* Worldwide, increasing recycling rates and moving to
the most efficient manufacturing systems in use
today could reduce energy use in the
petrochemical industry by 32 percent, 3% world
total.
*
53. * Producing over 1.2 billion tons in 2006,
* Accounting for 19 percent of industrial energy
use, 6% of world total.
* Energy efficiency measures, such as adopting
the most efficient blast furnace systems in use
today and
* The complete recovery of used steel,
* Could reduce energy use in the steel industry
by 23 percent, about 1.5% of world total.
*
54. * Reducing materials use means recycling steel,
the use of which dwarfs that of all other
metals combined.
* Steel use is dominated by three industries—
1. Automobile,
2. Household appli-ances, and
3. Construction.
*
55. * In the United States, virtually all cars are
recycled, effectively 100%.
* U.S. Recycling rate for household appliances is
estimated at 90 percent.
* Steel cans it is 60 per-cent.
* Construction steel it is
* 97 percent for steel beams and girders
* Only 65 percent for reinforcement steel.
* The steel discarded each year is enough to
meet the needs of the U.S. Automobile
industry.
*
56. * Steel recycling started climbing more than a
generation ago with the advent of the electric
arc furnace.
* Produces steel from scrap using only one fourth
the energy it would take to produce it from
virgin ore, 75% reduction.
* Now account for half or more of steel
production in more than 20 countries, 50%.
* If three fourths of steel production were to
switch to electric arc furnaces using scrap,
energy use in the steel industry could be cut by
almost 40 percent, about 2.4% world total.
*
57. * Turning out 2.3 billion tons in 2006.
* Accounting for 7 percent of industrial energy
use.
* China:
* Close to half of world production, 50%,
* Manufactures more cement than the next top 20
countries combined.
* Does so with extraordinary inefficiency.
* With modern technology could reduce its energy
consumption for cement production by 45
percent.
* Worldwide, if all cement producers used the
most efficient dry kiln process in use today,
energy use in the cement industry could drop
42 percent, about 2.9% world total.
*
58. * Improving urban transit means that one 12-ton
bus can replace 60 cars weighing 1.5 tons
each, or
* 90 tons, a
* 87% reduction in weight and
* Steel use.
* Every time someone decides to replace a car
with a bike, material use is reduced by 99
percent.
*
59. * Virtually all paper products can now be
recycled, including cereal boxes, junk mail, and
paper bags in addition to newspa-pers and
magazines.
* So too can glass, most plastics, aluminum, and
other materials from buildings being torn down.
* Metals such as steel and aluminum can be used
and reused indef-initely.
* Advanced economies such as Europe and
Japan, can rely primarily on the stock of
materials already in the economy rather than
*Recycling uses a
using virgin raw materials.
fraction of energy vs
raw materials.
60. * Metals such as steel and aluminum can be used
and reused indef-initely.
* To encourage recycling adopt a landfill tax.
* New Hampshire adopted a "pay-as-you-throw"
program .
* In one NH town a landfill tax raised the share of
garbage recycled from 13 percent in 2005 to 52
percent in 2006, a 4 times increase.
*
61. * San José, California
* Diverting 62 percent of its municipal waste from
landfills for reuse and recycling,
* Now focusing on the large flow of trash from
construction and dem-olition sites.
* One of two dozen spe-cialist recycling firms in the
city,
* Skill-fully separated into recyclable piles of
concrete, scrap metal, wood, and plastics,
* From only about 100,000 tons per year to 500,000
tons of the city's mixed construction and demolition
materials, a 5 times increase.
* By deconstructing a building instead of simply
demolishing it, most of the materi-al in it can be
reused or recycled, thus dramatically reducing
energy use, materials, and carbon emissions.
*
62. * 1998 Japan law prohibits discarding
household appliances, such as washing
machines, TV sets, or air conditioners. With
* Consumers bearing the cost of disassembling
appliances in the form of a disposal fee to
recycling firms, which can come to $60 for a
refrigerator or $35 for a washing machine, the
* Pressure to design appliances so they can be
more easily and cheaply disas-sembled is
strong.
*
63. * Caterpillar has emerged as a leader.
* Recycles some 17 truckloads of diesel engines a
day at one plant.
* Disassembled by hand by workers who do not
throw away a single component.
* Reassembled with all worn parts repaired.
* Remanufacturing division is racking up $1
billion a year in sales and growing at 15
percent annually.
*
64. * Boeing and Air-bus now vying to see who can
dismantle them most efficiently.
* First step is to strip the plane of its marketable
components, such as engines, landing
gear, galley ovens, and hundreds of other
items.
* Up to $4 million per jet.
* Final dismantling and recycling of
aluminum, copper, plastic, and other
materials.
* The goal is to recycle 90 percent of the
plane, and perhaps one day 95 percent or
more.
* More than 3,000 airliners already put out to
*
pasture, and more coming – an aluminum mine.
65. * Becoming obsolete every few years.
* Need to be able to quickly disassemble and
recycle them.
* Euro-pean law requires that manufacturers
pay for the collection, dis-assembly and
recycling of toxic materials.
* IT equipment, manufacturers have begun to
focus on how to disassemble everything from
computers to cell phones.
*
66. * Patagonia is now recycling not only the
polyester garments it sells but also those that
are sold by its competitors.
* Patagonia estimates that a garment made from
recycled polyester, which is indistinguishable
from the initial polyester made from
petrole-um, uses less than one fourth as much
energy, a 75% reduction.
* Patagonia is beginning to work on
* nylon garments and plans also to recycle
* cotton and
* wool clothing.
*
67. * Finland, for example, has banned the use of
one-way soft drink containers.
* Canada's prince Edward island has adopted a
similar ban on all nonrefillable beverage
containers.
* A refillable glass bottle used over and over
requires about 10 percent as much energy per
use as an aluminum can that is recy-cled.
* Cleaning, sterilizing, and re-labeling a used
bottle.
* Requires little energy compared with recycling
cans made from alu-minum,
* Banning nonrefillables is a quintuple win option—
cutting material use, carbon emissions, air
pollution, water pollution, and garbage flow to
landfills.
*
68. * The gold and bottled water industries are
prime examples.
* Processing 500 million tons of ore con-sumes a
huge amount of energy—and emits as much
CO2 as 5.5 million cars.
* In the United States and Europe there are more
standards regulating the quality of tap water
than of bottled water.
* For people in developing coun-tries where
water is unsafe, it is far cheaper to boil or
filter water than to buy it in bottles.
*
69. * Nearly 28 billion plastic bottles used to
package water in the United States alone.
* Requires 17 million barrels of oil.
* Including the energy for hauling 1 billion
bottles of water every two weeks from bottling
plants to supermarkets or convenience stores
for sale,
* U.S. Bottled water industry consumes roughly
50 million barrels of oil per year.
* Costs 1,000 times as much as the tap water
that is already available in city build-ings.
*
70. * This begins with the major metals—
steel, aluminum, and copper.
* Recy-cling requires only a fraction of the energy.
* It continues with the design of cars, household
appliances, and other products so they are
eas-ily disassembled into their component parts
for reuse or recy-cling.
* The energy savings potential is vast.
*
72. *One easy way to achieve these gains is
through the imposi-tion of a carbon tax
that would help reflect the full cost of
burn-ing fossil fuels.
*We recommend increasing the
carbon tax by $20 per ton
each year over the next 12
years, for a total of $240.
*It does not come close to covering the
indirect costs of burning fossil fuels.
*