Plan B calls for a massive buildout of wind generating capacity to replace coal and oil for electricity generation. It would require doubling wind capacity every two years to reach 3,000 gigawatts by 2020, costing $4.5 trillion but creating jobs. Pairing wind with hybrid electric vehicles that can be charged from the grid would dramatically reduce oil use and emissions. The technologies exist to implement Plan B and transition to a renewable energy economy that avoids catastrophic climate change.
The document discusses the growth of renewable energy sources like wind and solar. It notes that new electrical capacity from renewable sources exceeded conventional sources in Europe in 2006, making it the first continent to enter the new renewable energy era. Wind generating capacity increased significantly in the US and Texas in 2006. The document outlines growth in various countries' use of wind, solar, and geothermal energy. It argues that harnessing renewable energy on a large scale can help reduce carbon emissions by 80% and discusses plans to rapidly expand wind and solar energy generation globally by 2020 through large investments.
The document discusses renewable energy sources in India and whether they are a viable option. It notes that renewable sources currently cannot play a major role in India's power sector without high opportunity costs to consumers and the economy. While renewable energy grew due to concerns over fossil fuel depletion and pollution, the technologies are currently inefficient and uneconomical compared to coal. Significant government subsidies have been required to promote renewable energy in India. The document concludes that India's government spent money promoting renewables without considering statistics, and should instead focus on improving existing power supply through conventional sources using efficient technologies.
The document discusses the UK's commitment to increase renewable energy generation to 30% by 2020, with a focus on wind power. Significant challenges include dealing with wind's unpredictability, constructing and maintaining offshore wind turbines up to 200 miles from land, and installing new turbines at a rate of over one per day for a decade. Offshore wind is growing rapidly but integrating intermittent wind power at large scales will require solutions to balance supply and demand.
Wind power has been used for centuries to grind grains and pump water. Today, over 45,000 wind turbines in the US generate electricity equivalent to powering 14.7 million homes. Wind power production has grown significantly in recent decades and accounted for over 60 gigawatts of electricity in 2012. While wind power has environmental benefits like reducing carbon emissions, it also has impacts like disturbing animal migration patterns. Future uses of wind power may include individual home turbines and powering vehicles. Maximizing wind power production while carefully siting turbines can help address energy needs while limiting environmental effects.
The document provides statistics on electricity production in various countries around the world. It lists the top 20 countries by electricity production and provides 1-3 brief details about each country's electricity sources and production levels. The United States has the highest production at over 4,100 billion kWh, sourced primarily from coal and natural gas plants. China has the second highest production and sources from coal, hydroelectric, and has a geographical mismatch between energy sources and demand centers. Japan sources about a quarter each from coal, gas, oil, and nuclear power.
The document discusses Fairfield, Iowa's current energy usage and budget. It obtains 54% of its energy from coal, 39% from oil, and 6% from natural gas. Each household spends an average of $2,200 annually on energy. The document then proposes ways for Fairfield to transition to renewable energy sources like wind, solar, biomass, and hydro. It suggests installing wind turbines to generate 30% of the town's needs and solar panels on homes and businesses. Combined heat and power from biomass could heat most homes. Micro-hydro projects on the Skunk River are also proposed. The town could become energy independent through cooperative energy projects and serve as an example for others.
Wind Energy in Dominican Republic ProposalCarlos Rymer
This document discusses the potential for wind energy development in the Dominican Republic. It notes that the country has an estimated wind energy potential of 24,600 GWh per year using 3% of the country's land area. Various economic scenarios are presented comparing the costs of wind energy development versus coal plant development. Under scenarios that place a tax on carbon emissions, wind energy is shown to have a cost advantage over coal. The document recommends that the Dominican government pass laws committing the country to obtaining 30% of its electricity from wind by 2020 and fund the development through a 2% tax on tourism sector transactions. This would help develop a clean energy industry and reduce electricity costs while creating many jobs.
The document discusses the growth of renewable energy sources like wind and solar. It notes that new electrical capacity from renewable sources exceeded conventional sources in Europe in 2006, making it the first continent to enter the new renewable energy era. Wind generating capacity increased significantly in the US and Texas in 2006. The document outlines growth in various countries' use of wind, solar, and geothermal energy. It argues that harnessing renewable energy on a large scale can help reduce carbon emissions by 80% and discusses plans to rapidly expand wind and solar energy generation globally by 2020 through large investments.
The document discusses renewable energy sources in India and whether they are a viable option. It notes that renewable sources currently cannot play a major role in India's power sector without high opportunity costs to consumers and the economy. While renewable energy grew due to concerns over fossil fuel depletion and pollution, the technologies are currently inefficient and uneconomical compared to coal. Significant government subsidies have been required to promote renewable energy in India. The document concludes that India's government spent money promoting renewables without considering statistics, and should instead focus on improving existing power supply through conventional sources using efficient technologies.
The document discusses the UK's commitment to increase renewable energy generation to 30% by 2020, with a focus on wind power. Significant challenges include dealing with wind's unpredictability, constructing and maintaining offshore wind turbines up to 200 miles from land, and installing new turbines at a rate of over one per day for a decade. Offshore wind is growing rapidly but integrating intermittent wind power at large scales will require solutions to balance supply and demand.
Wind power has been used for centuries to grind grains and pump water. Today, over 45,000 wind turbines in the US generate electricity equivalent to powering 14.7 million homes. Wind power production has grown significantly in recent decades and accounted for over 60 gigawatts of electricity in 2012. While wind power has environmental benefits like reducing carbon emissions, it also has impacts like disturbing animal migration patterns. Future uses of wind power may include individual home turbines and powering vehicles. Maximizing wind power production while carefully siting turbines can help address energy needs while limiting environmental effects.
The document provides statistics on electricity production in various countries around the world. It lists the top 20 countries by electricity production and provides 1-3 brief details about each country's electricity sources and production levels. The United States has the highest production at over 4,100 billion kWh, sourced primarily from coal and natural gas plants. China has the second highest production and sources from coal, hydroelectric, and has a geographical mismatch between energy sources and demand centers. Japan sources about a quarter each from coal, gas, oil, and nuclear power.
The document discusses Fairfield, Iowa's current energy usage and budget. It obtains 54% of its energy from coal, 39% from oil, and 6% from natural gas. Each household spends an average of $2,200 annually on energy. The document then proposes ways for Fairfield to transition to renewable energy sources like wind, solar, biomass, and hydro. It suggests installing wind turbines to generate 30% of the town's needs and solar panels on homes and businesses. Combined heat and power from biomass could heat most homes. Micro-hydro projects on the Skunk River are also proposed. The town could become energy independent through cooperative energy projects and serve as an example for others.
Wind Energy in Dominican Republic ProposalCarlos Rymer
This document discusses the potential for wind energy development in the Dominican Republic. It notes that the country has an estimated wind energy potential of 24,600 GWh per year using 3% of the country's land area. Various economic scenarios are presented comparing the costs of wind energy development versus coal plant development. Under scenarios that place a tax on carbon emissions, wind energy is shown to have a cost advantage over coal. The document recommends that the Dominican government pass laws committing the country to obtaining 30% of its electricity from wind by 2020 and fund the development through a 2% tax on tourism sector transactions. This would help develop a clean energy industry and reduce electricity costs while creating many jobs.
The document discusses the importance of saving energy due to limited resources and increasing global energy demand and population. It notes that at a 1% annual growth rate of oil consumption, global oil reserves will be exhausted in less than 40 years. Switching to more efficient energy sources like solar and using technologies like frequency inverters and variable speed pumps/fans can significantly reduce energy usage and costs. Conservation and efficiency are key to addressing the global energy challenge.
This document discusses Japan's renewable energy revolution and what it means for businesses in Hokkaido. It provides details on Japan's new feed-in tariff program that guarantees prices for renewable energy producers. While renewable energy projects are advancing, especially solar and wind in Hokkaido, there are still challenges to overcome like regulatory hurdles, opposition from local industries, and ensuring stable energy supplies. Hokkaido has strong potential for renewable energy due to its climate and geography, but local leadership is needed to fully realize this opportunity.
After Britain generated more electricity from solar power than coal for the first time, the solar industry faces an uncertain future. While solar capacity and investment has grown rapidly in recent years due to falling costs and government subsidies, support has now been cut back. This threatens the estimated 10,000 jobs in the UK solar industry as companies struggle without subsidies. Supporters argue solar is now cost competitive and could become self-sufficient in the near future, but the government aims to reduce consumer costs and create a sustainable industry without subsidies. The future of the promising UK solar industry remains unclear as the debate around costs and subsidies continues.
Onshore wind energy involves large wind turbines on land that convert wind power into electrical energy. It is a renewable source of energy found in many countries around the world. While the initial costs of building wind turbines is high, the energy produced does not create pollution and can be a cost-effective source of electricity. The document predicts that the future will include more widespread adoption of onshore wind power.
This document proposes recommendations for General Motors' Fort Wayne Assembly plant to increase its use of renewable energy. It recommends:
1. Installing 14 wind turbines that are 2.5 MW and 100m tall to generate 50% of the plant's energy needs. Based on average wind speeds in the region, this setup could supply half of FWA's electricity.
2. Doubling the landfill gas capacity to achieve the target of 50% on-site power generation. Processing landfill gas into electricity would save $1.7 million annually and have a two-year return on investment.
3. Combining these recommendations could save GM money while further reducing the plant's carbon emissions and solidifying its status
Wind power development in Pakistan has significant potential. The country has an estimated 346,000 MW of untapped wind power potential. To develop this resource, Pakistan has taken several steps to create an enabling environment for wind power projects. This includes providing an attractive feed-in tariff, standardizing project documents, and obtaining an ADB counter guarantee to boost investor confidence. Several initial wind power projects totaling over 500 MW are now under construction. Pakistan aims to attract more investment into the wind sector to help meet its renewable energy target of 9,700 MW by 2020 and reduce dependence on expensive imported fuel.
The document compares the renewable energy scenarios of the USA, Russia, and France by looking at their total renewable energy generation, the amount of renewable energy as a percentage of total power generation, the features of each country's renewable energy scenario, maps showing the source-based renewable energy of each country, examples of commercial renewable energy plants, the energy mix and renewable energy policies of each country, tariffs for renewable energy, and the major risk factors of renewable energy in each location.
The document discusses the long-term bullish outlook for the solar sector based on factors such as room for double-digit growth for decades, falling costs, and grid parity being reached in more markets. It notes that solar could become the world's largest electricity source by 2050 according to the IEA. The solar industry has seen high growth of 44% annually over the last 5 years, led by China, Japan, and the US. The document also provides an overview of solar developments and pricing trends in key markets like China, Japan, Europe and the US.
The document discusses the long-term bullish outlook for the solar sector based on factors such as room for double-digit growth for decades, falling costs, and grid parity being reached in more markets. It notes that solar could become the world's largest electricity source by 2050 according to the IEA. The solar industry has seen high growth of 44% annually over the last 5 years, led by China, Japan, and the US. The document also provides an overview of solar developments and pricing trends in key markets like China, Japan, Europe and the US.
This document discusses the investment case for solar power, outlining long term bullish factors such as projected spending of $3.7 trillion on new solar installs through 2040. It notes solar costs are falling due to improved technology and economies of scale, and grid parity is being reached in more markets. Advantages of solar include being clean, having fixed upfront costs with no fuel costs, and falling installation costs. The document recommends investing in the MAC Solar Index ETF to gain diversified exposure to the growing global solar sector.
Why Use Renewable Energy?
Viable Alternative
Fossil fuel are more expensive
Environmental concerns/Green Technology and sustainability
Multiple/limitless fuel to turn a Renewable Energy Infrastructure like wind, solar and wastes
Increase range of Technologies
Cost effective than its alternative
SINCE October sightseers on the hills above Edinburgh have gawped at a brand new landmark. Across the Firth of Forth, on a test site, stands the biggest wind turbine in Britain. The tips of its blades rise 196m above sea level. Its rotor sweeps an area twice as large as the London Eye. This monster and others like it are bound for the North Sea—part of the biggest and most ambitious offshore wind programme in the world.
The document summarizes the construction of the Knabs Ridge wind farm near Harrogate, North Yorkshire. It discusses the local council initially vetoing the plan for eight 300ft turbines due to environmental concerns, but a government inquiry overruled this decision and approved construction. The airport and local council remained opposed, concerned it could interfere with radar and be an eyesore, while supporters argue it is needed to tackle climate change and create jobs through renewable energy.
Power generation and demand in bangladeshGalib Ghani
Electricity generation in Bangladesh began in 1901 with a small plant installed in Dhaka. Over time, generation capacity increased through additional fossil fuel plants. The Bangladesh Power Development Board was established in 1972 to oversee generation, transmission, and distribution. Currently, generation capacity is 8,525 MW but demand is around 7,500 MW, resulting in regular shortages. Natural gas provides 66% of power but reserves are declining. Future plans include significantly increasing generation from domestic coal, imported coal, LNG, and renewable sources to meet the growing demand and reduce load shedding.
Solar has strong long-term growth potential due to falling costs and increasing government support. Solar costs have already fallen 85% since 2010 and are projected to drop another 71% by 2050, making solar competitive with or cheaper than fossil fuel electricity sources. The solar industry is growing rapidly at a 21% annual rate, led by China, India, the US and Japan. Pairing solar with battery storage provides a robust 24/7 renewable energy solution as battery costs also continue to decline sharply. The MAC Global Solar Energy Index tracks the performance of publicly traded solar companies and provides a diversified way to invest in the global solar sector through an exchange traded fund.
Germany’s success and failure that japan should learn fromKazuo Ishikawa
Germany has made progress expanding renewable energy but also faced challenges. The Energiewende movement increased renewable energy but also costs. Germany's transition from feed-in tariffs to auctions and plans to phase out nuclear power by 2022 have been ambitious but difficult. High energy costs threaten German industry competitiveness compared to nuclear power in France. Germany must still improve its electricity grid and find solutions to integrate renewable energy while ensuring stable, affordable power.
Presentation slides for Indian Professional Association's speaker session by Mr. Shankar Krishnamoorthy which covered the following topics:
– Energy needs and lacunae of a high growth economy
– A brief history of India’s energy sector
– Environmental challenges and recent successes in greening the sector
– Comparison with other countries, notably China
– What the future has in store
India has a growing economy but low per capita energy consumption due to its large population. Currently, oil and gas meet half of India's energy needs, but the government aims to increase renewable sources like solar and wind to 20% of the energy mix by 2022. India has significant coal reserves but is also developing other energy sources like hydropower, biomass, and nuclear power. The presentation outlines India's current energy scenario and renewable potential as the country works to boost access to energy and transition to more sustainable resources.
Энергетика для эпохи глобального потепления. Роальд Сагдеев.Alexander Dubynin
The document discusses the history and impacts of proposals to increase atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. It notes that in 1954, scientist Harrison Brown proposed pumping massive amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere to stimulate plant growth and solve world hunger. Brown calculated doubling atmospheric CO2 would require burning 500 billion tons of coal. Albert Einstein hailed Brown's work. However, increasing CO2 has significantly increased energy costs for German consumers and led to large export losses for Germany's economy.
This document discusses the need for a massive global mobilization to combat climate change similar to the US mobilization during WWII. It argues we must rapidly restructure the global economy to be powered by renewables, shift from fossil fuels to EVs, end deforestation, and incorporate environmental costs into pricing. Specific policies proposed include carbon taxes, ending subsidies for coal/oil, boosting renewables, and shifting retirement service overseas. Failure to act could lead to economic and societal collapse as environmental tipping points are passed.
This document discusses feeding the world's growing population in a sustainable way. It summarizes that China has gone from widespread hunger to becoming a major food aid donor through agricultural reforms. World grain production has tripled since 1950 due to new crops and fertilizers, but faces challenges from limited resources. Raising water and land productivity, producing protein more efficiently, and dietary changes can help meet future needs.
PLAN B NO BS - J. IV CARBON Oil - 20th Century's Fatal Seductress. C2 V1Start Loving
- Oil production has increased 180-fold over the 20th century, fueling population growth and modern civilization. However, the world's largest oil fields have already been discovered and global production is now in decline.
- Alternative sources like tar sands require much more energy to produce and are highly polluting. As conventional oil supplies dwindle, global competition and conflict over remaining reserves is likely to intensify.
- Agriculture has also become heavily dependent on oil to power machinery, transport food, and produce fertilizers. Declining oil supplies threaten the ability to feed the world's population in the coming decades. Difficult system-wide changes will be needed to transition to post-oil sustainable farming.
The document discusses the importance of saving energy due to limited resources and increasing global energy demand and population. It notes that at a 1% annual growth rate of oil consumption, global oil reserves will be exhausted in less than 40 years. Switching to more efficient energy sources like solar and using technologies like frequency inverters and variable speed pumps/fans can significantly reduce energy usage and costs. Conservation and efficiency are key to addressing the global energy challenge.
This document discusses Japan's renewable energy revolution and what it means for businesses in Hokkaido. It provides details on Japan's new feed-in tariff program that guarantees prices for renewable energy producers. While renewable energy projects are advancing, especially solar and wind in Hokkaido, there are still challenges to overcome like regulatory hurdles, opposition from local industries, and ensuring stable energy supplies. Hokkaido has strong potential for renewable energy due to its climate and geography, but local leadership is needed to fully realize this opportunity.
After Britain generated more electricity from solar power than coal for the first time, the solar industry faces an uncertain future. While solar capacity and investment has grown rapidly in recent years due to falling costs and government subsidies, support has now been cut back. This threatens the estimated 10,000 jobs in the UK solar industry as companies struggle without subsidies. Supporters argue solar is now cost competitive and could become self-sufficient in the near future, but the government aims to reduce consumer costs and create a sustainable industry without subsidies. The future of the promising UK solar industry remains unclear as the debate around costs and subsidies continues.
Onshore wind energy involves large wind turbines on land that convert wind power into electrical energy. It is a renewable source of energy found in many countries around the world. While the initial costs of building wind turbines is high, the energy produced does not create pollution and can be a cost-effective source of electricity. The document predicts that the future will include more widespread adoption of onshore wind power.
This document proposes recommendations for General Motors' Fort Wayne Assembly plant to increase its use of renewable energy. It recommends:
1. Installing 14 wind turbines that are 2.5 MW and 100m tall to generate 50% of the plant's energy needs. Based on average wind speeds in the region, this setup could supply half of FWA's electricity.
2. Doubling the landfill gas capacity to achieve the target of 50% on-site power generation. Processing landfill gas into electricity would save $1.7 million annually and have a two-year return on investment.
3. Combining these recommendations could save GM money while further reducing the plant's carbon emissions and solidifying its status
Wind power development in Pakistan has significant potential. The country has an estimated 346,000 MW of untapped wind power potential. To develop this resource, Pakistan has taken several steps to create an enabling environment for wind power projects. This includes providing an attractive feed-in tariff, standardizing project documents, and obtaining an ADB counter guarantee to boost investor confidence. Several initial wind power projects totaling over 500 MW are now under construction. Pakistan aims to attract more investment into the wind sector to help meet its renewable energy target of 9,700 MW by 2020 and reduce dependence on expensive imported fuel.
The document compares the renewable energy scenarios of the USA, Russia, and France by looking at their total renewable energy generation, the amount of renewable energy as a percentage of total power generation, the features of each country's renewable energy scenario, maps showing the source-based renewable energy of each country, examples of commercial renewable energy plants, the energy mix and renewable energy policies of each country, tariffs for renewable energy, and the major risk factors of renewable energy in each location.
The document discusses the long-term bullish outlook for the solar sector based on factors such as room for double-digit growth for decades, falling costs, and grid parity being reached in more markets. It notes that solar could become the world's largest electricity source by 2050 according to the IEA. The solar industry has seen high growth of 44% annually over the last 5 years, led by China, Japan, and the US. The document also provides an overview of solar developments and pricing trends in key markets like China, Japan, Europe and the US.
The document discusses the long-term bullish outlook for the solar sector based on factors such as room for double-digit growth for decades, falling costs, and grid parity being reached in more markets. It notes that solar could become the world's largest electricity source by 2050 according to the IEA. The solar industry has seen high growth of 44% annually over the last 5 years, led by China, Japan, and the US. The document also provides an overview of solar developments and pricing trends in key markets like China, Japan, Europe and the US.
This document discusses the investment case for solar power, outlining long term bullish factors such as projected spending of $3.7 trillion on new solar installs through 2040. It notes solar costs are falling due to improved technology and economies of scale, and grid parity is being reached in more markets. Advantages of solar include being clean, having fixed upfront costs with no fuel costs, and falling installation costs. The document recommends investing in the MAC Solar Index ETF to gain diversified exposure to the growing global solar sector.
Why Use Renewable Energy?
Viable Alternative
Fossil fuel are more expensive
Environmental concerns/Green Technology and sustainability
Multiple/limitless fuel to turn a Renewable Energy Infrastructure like wind, solar and wastes
Increase range of Technologies
Cost effective than its alternative
SINCE October sightseers on the hills above Edinburgh have gawped at a brand new landmark. Across the Firth of Forth, on a test site, stands the biggest wind turbine in Britain. The tips of its blades rise 196m above sea level. Its rotor sweeps an area twice as large as the London Eye. This monster and others like it are bound for the North Sea—part of the biggest and most ambitious offshore wind programme in the world.
The document summarizes the construction of the Knabs Ridge wind farm near Harrogate, North Yorkshire. It discusses the local council initially vetoing the plan for eight 300ft turbines due to environmental concerns, but a government inquiry overruled this decision and approved construction. The airport and local council remained opposed, concerned it could interfere with radar and be an eyesore, while supporters argue it is needed to tackle climate change and create jobs through renewable energy.
Power generation and demand in bangladeshGalib Ghani
Electricity generation in Bangladesh began in 1901 with a small plant installed in Dhaka. Over time, generation capacity increased through additional fossil fuel plants. The Bangladesh Power Development Board was established in 1972 to oversee generation, transmission, and distribution. Currently, generation capacity is 8,525 MW but demand is around 7,500 MW, resulting in regular shortages. Natural gas provides 66% of power but reserves are declining. Future plans include significantly increasing generation from domestic coal, imported coal, LNG, and renewable sources to meet the growing demand and reduce load shedding.
Solar has strong long-term growth potential due to falling costs and increasing government support. Solar costs have already fallen 85% since 2010 and are projected to drop another 71% by 2050, making solar competitive with or cheaper than fossil fuel electricity sources. The solar industry is growing rapidly at a 21% annual rate, led by China, India, the US and Japan. Pairing solar with battery storage provides a robust 24/7 renewable energy solution as battery costs also continue to decline sharply. The MAC Global Solar Energy Index tracks the performance of publicly traded solar companies and provides a diversified way to invest in the global solar sector through an exchange traded fund.
Germany’s success and failure that japan should learn fromKazuo Ishikawa
Germany has made progress expanding renewable energy but also faced challenges. The Energiewende movement increased renewable energy but also costs. Germany's transition from feed-in tariffs to auctions and plans to phase out nuclear power by 2022 have been ambitious but difficult. High energy costs threaten German industry competitiveness compared to nuclear power in France. Germany must still improve its electricity grid and find solutions to integrate renewable energy while ensuring stable, affordable power.
Presentation slides for Indian Professional Association's speaker session by Mr. Shankar Krishnamoorthy which covered the following topics:
– Energy needs and lacunae of a high growth economy
– A brief history of India’s energy sector
– Environmental challenges and recent successes in greening the sector
– Comparison with other countries, notably China
– What the future has in store
India has a growing economy but low per capita energy consumption due to its large population. Currently, oil and gas meet half of India's energy needs, but the government aims to increase renewable sources like solar and wind to 20% of the energy mix by 2022. India has significant coal reserves but is also developing other energy sources like hydropower, biomass, and nuclear power. The presentation outlines India's current energy scenario and renewable potential as the country works to boost access to energy and transition to more sustainable resources.
Энергетика для эпохи глобального потепления. Роальд Сагдеев.Alexander Dubynin
The document discusses the history and impacts of proposals to increase atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. It notes that in 1954, scientist Harrison Brown proposed pumping massive amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere to stimulate plant growth and solve world hunger. Brown calculated doubling atmospheric CO2 would require burning 500 billion tons of coal. Albert Einstein hailed Brown's work. However, increasing CO2 has significantly increased energy costs for German consumers and led to large export losses for Germany's economy.
This document discusses the need for a massive global mobilization to combat climate change similar to the US mobilization during WWII. It argues we must rapidly restructure the global economy to be powered by renewables, shift from fossil fuels to EVs, end deforestation, and incorporate environmental costs into pricing. Specific policies proposed include carbon taxes, ending subsidies for coal/oil, boosting renewables, and shifting retirement service overseas. Failure to act could lead to economic and societal collapse as environmental tipping points are passed.
This document discusses feeding the world's growing population in a sustainable way. It summarizes that China has gone from widespread hunger to becoming a major food aid donor through agricultural reforms. World grain production has tripled since 1950 due to new crops and fertilizers, but faces challenges from limited resources. Raising water and land productivity, producing protein more efficiently, and dietary changes can help meet future needs.
PLAN B NO BS - J. IV CARBON Oil - 20th Century's Fatal Seductress. C2 V1Start Loving
- Oil production has increased 180-fold over the 20th century, fueling population growth and modern civilization. However, the world's largest oil fields have already been discovered and global production is now in decline.
- Alternative sources like tar sands require much more energy to produce and are highly polluting. As conventional oil supplies dwindle, global competition and conflict over remaining reserves is likely to intensify.
- Agriculture has also become heavily dependent on oil to power machinery, transport food, and produce fertilizers. Declining oil supplies threaten the ability to feed the world's population in the coming decades. Difficult system-wide changes will be needed to transition to post-oil sustainable farming.
This document discusses the need to restore the earth by protecting and restoring forests, reducing pressure on forests through reducing wood use and increasing recycling, conserving and rebuilding soils through practices like no-till farming, protecting plant and animal diversity through increasing protected areas and addressing threats like climate change, and planting trees to sequester carbon and help address climate change. Specific examples are provided from countries like South Korea, China, the US, and others of programs and policies that have helped restore forests and landscapes. The overall message is that a large, global effort is needed to restore the earth's health and support both environmental and economic systems.
PLAN B NO BS - D. Global Marshall Plan to Save Creation. C13 V1Start Loving
This document discusses the need to shift taxes and subsidies away from environmentally destructive activities and towards more sustainable practices. It argues that the current economic system fails to accurately account for environmental costs, and proposes several policy changes to internalize these externalities, such as:
1. Implementing carbon taxes on fossil fuels and other polluting industries to reflect the true social costs of environmental damage and climate change.
2. Shifting taxes from income to carbon emissions, through higher gasoline taxes and vehicle taxes, to incentivize renewable energy and more sustainable transportation options.
3. Eliminating over $700 billion in annual global subsidies that currently support activities like fossil fuel production, deforestation, and overfishing.
Summary Presentation for World on the Edge: How to Prevent Environmental and ...Earth Policy Institute
The document summarizes the key points from the book "A World on the Edge: How To Prevent Environmental and Economic Collapse" by Lester R. Brown. It outlines the goals of "Plan B" to stabilize the global population, eradicate poverty, restore the environment, and stabilize the climate. It warns that current trends of population growth, food demand, aquifer depletion and climate change threaten to push the world's systems past a tipping point. Immediate action is needed through increased energy efficiency, renewable energy and reforestation to avoid economic and social collapse.
Externalities like pollution are costs not considered by buyers and sellers. This leads markets to produce inefficiently high pollution. Government intervention can correct market failures, but may also fail if it does not use incentive-based policies like effluent taxes and emissions trading rather than command-and-control regulations. The Coase Theorem finds private bargaining can achieve efficiency if property rights and low transaction costs allow negotiations, though obstacles often remain.
PLAN B NO BS - L. IV, III OBSOLETE CARBON Coal, and the Squandering of RESOUR...Start Loving
The document discusses strategies for reducing electricity usage through increased energy efficiency, with a focus on lighting and appliances. It states that shifting to CFLs and LEDs for lighting could cut worldwide electricity usage for lighting from 19% to 7%, saving enough electricity to avoid building 705 new coal-fired power plants. Similarly, it asserts that efficiency gains in lighting and appliances alone could replace the need for all new coal plants projected to be built by 2020. The document outlines additional efficiency strategies for buildings, transportation systems, and other sectors.
ACHIEVE NET ZERO CO2 BY 2050 or an Economic Depression
ECONOMICS (GDP)
- Increasing climate extremes cost $390 billion in 2020.
- Present trends indicate a 10%-GDP-decrease depression
-Carbon Fee Plus Dividend solution
NON-CARBON EMITTING TECHNOLOGIES:
Electric Vehicles (EVs) charged by
Next generation nuclear reactors
The document discusses various efforts to address global warming through reducing carbon emissions, including incentives for more fuel efficient vehicles, developing renewable energy sources, and taxing carbon emissions. It also provides examples of current and developing green technologies like solar panels, wind turbines, geothermal systems, algae biofuels, and carbon credits. The costs of alternative fuels are compared to traditional sources like coal and policies to promote green jobs are mentioned.
2008 Presentation I gave at Grinnell college arguing for renewables and efficiency to replace coal for electrical generation
I give concrete plans for how to transition to renewables for small Iowa communities and do it at a profit
The Energy Picture In A Few Graphics.pptxDanCloutier3
The document provides an overview of global energy sources and usage. It includes the following key points:
- The world consumes vast amounts of energy from various sources on a daily basis, including 98 million barrels of oil and 328 billion cubic feet of natural gas.
- Renewable energy sources like wind and solar currently contribute small percentages to global electricity usage compared to other sources.
- Non-renewable resources like coal, oil, and gas face challenges in meeting increasing future demand due to constraints in supply and environmental concerns.
- Transitioning to renewable or low-carbon energy on a global scale presents major infrastructure and resource requirements that will be difficult to achieve.
The document discusses how the world will run out of oil in 60 years and the impacts of having no energy to power modern life. It then outlines current global energy consumption and projections for increased usage. Several renewable and non-renewable energy sources are presented as alternatives to fossil fuels, including solar, wind, hydroelectric, biomass, natural gas, coal, and nuclear power. The document argues for increased investment in renewable resources and efficiency to sustain energy needs and protect the planet for future generations.
Next steps for the renewable energy industry in the UK: The case of solarJeremy Leggett
The document discusses the renewable energy industry in the UK and proposes next steps. It summarizes the global shift towards solar energy with costs declining significantly. However, the UK picture is incongruent with global trends, with solar installations plummeting after subsidy cuts. The top three things that need to change are: 1) Drop support for fracking due to economic and environmental concerns. 2) Drop nuclear as renewables are now cheaper. 3) Greatly increase support for solar to meet emissions targets, as jurisdictions like California have done.
If the world is to beat climate change and meet the conditions of the Paris agreement, society must see a fundamental transformation in the way we produce, distribute, and consume energy across transportation, heating, and home and business consumption of electricity. There are many ways to achieve this goal, and only time will tell whether we as a society will succeed and by what means.
For the first of the SPARK webinar series, John Armstrong kicks off with his predictions for the future of the energy sector. He’ll look at 10 key areas which are due to see radical change.
is John right? Has he been too bold, or not bold enough?
There are many new opportunities in technology and power engineering which could do alot more to prevent worst case climate change than all of today's climate bills, by 100. I srvey what can be done, and give links to all-important details to make it real.
Wssw2016 windturbines and telecom frits oggFrits Ogg
Small wind turbines for telecom base stations
As the incessant demand for wireless communication grows, off-grid telecommunication base station sites continue to be introduced around the globe. In rural or remote areas, where power from the grid is unavailable or unreliable, these cell sites require generator sets to provide power security as prime power or backup standby power.
Cited in various papers, the global annual electricity consumption for the telecommunication sector has increased from 219 TWh in 2007 to 354 TWh in 2012, which corresponds to an annual growth rate of 10%. This projection of global electricity consumption is expected to escalate at an annual additional rate of 10% between 2013 and 2018. Accordingly, this makes the telecom operator networks the most electrical energy-intensive consumer within the telecommunication networks that is responsible for the amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions it emits into the environment.
The presentation is a state of the art overview on aspects of coupling small windturbines to telecom basestations. Worldwide thousands of base stations provide relaying mobile phone signals. Every off-grid base station has a diesel generator up to 4 kW to provide electricity for the electronic equipment involved.
The presentation gives attention to the requirements on using windenergy as an energy source for powering mobile phone base stations. Requirements as: Sufficient wind speed, Dimensioning the system, cost effectiveness, installing on existing tower structure, maintenance, and remote monitoring and controlling.
An overview of manufacturers and best practices will be given. Also opportunities for mobile network operators to provide electricity beyond the base station and into local communities, “Community Power”.
Attention is also given to radio interaction between Small Wind Turbines and Base Station Antennas.
The document discusses the history of energy consumption and trends. It describes how early humans relied on biological sources like wood and how the industrial revolution led to increased fossil fuel use. The automobile further drove oil demand and suburban sprawl. Today, developed nations consume far more energy per capita than developing nations. The document also examines trends like natural gas usage, electricity generation, and the role of OPEC in the global energy market.
¿Energía sostenible para el mundo?
Por Sir Christopher Llewellyn Smith, Director de Investigación Energética en la Universidad de Oxford y Ex director general del CERN.
Indirect emissions from a future UK ULEV fleet – An holistic view - Alun McIn...IES / IAQM
The planned move to an electric vehicle fleet in the UK over the next 30 years is viewed as essential in reducing our dependency upon oil and for improving urban air quality. These growing forces for change in transport fuels and a wider focus upon personal travel behaviours raise important and wide-ranging questions for the future environment and continuing sustainable development.
Alun will explore how much electricity is needed to power a future electric car fleet and how we will generate it. What are the direct and indirect emissions associated with an electric fleet and what are the emissions associated with exploration, exploitation, refining and production of rare earth metals for batteries?
This document summarizes a technical seminar on biomass power. It discusses increasing global population and energy demand, the role of alternative energies, and implications for the future. Key points include that demand for oil is projected to grow 30-50% in the next two decades; biomass has potential as a viable fuel but major infrastructure changes would be needed; and providing stable, affordable energy for a growing population will require utilizing all available energy sources including fossil fuels, nuclear, and renewables. The conclusions are that all forms of energy production will be needed to meet demand.
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Senator the Honourable Kevin Ramnarine, Minister of Energy and Energy Affairs speech from the Energy Lecture Series 2015 hosted by the Arthur Lok Jack Graduate School of Business on Wed. 12th Auguster 2015.
August 12th 2015
Renewable energy comes from resources that replenish naturally like sunlight, wind, rain, tides and geothermal heat. About 16% of global energy comes from renewables like biomass and hydropower. New renewables like wind, solar and geothermal are growing rapidly and account for 3% of global energy. Renewable energy sources like hydropower and wind are expected to provide energy for almost 1 billion more years. Renewable energy flows from natural processes and includes electricity from solar, wind, hydropower, biomass and biofuels.
Renewable energy comes from resources that replenish naturally like sunlight, wind, rain, tides and geothermal heat. About 16% of global energy comes from renewables like biomass and hydropower. Renewable sources are expected to provide energy for almost 1 billion more years. Renewable energy includes electricity from solar, wind, hydropower and biofuels. Many countries get a significant portion of their electricity from renewables like Iceland which gets 100% from renewables. Renewable energy is growing and provides opportunities to lift nations to new levels of prosperity with low emissions.
Similar to PLAN B NO BS - M. IV REPLACE CARBON Sprint toward Wind and Sun, Eliminating Existing Coal, Oil. C12 V1 (20)
Handbook of fundamental social change.
TRANSCRIPT, TEXT, VIDEOS HERE: http://jesusgodgoodetcnjay.blogspot.com/2012/02/occupy-dc-guide-to-accelerated-high.html
More at http://jesusgodgoodetcnjay.blogspot.com/
PLAN B NO BS - A. Deathbed - Earth, ALL Creation but A final Chance Remains -...Start Loving
The document warns that humanity's extinction is imminent due to accelerating environmental collapse caused by climate change, resource depletion, and pollution. Key points include glacial and ice sheet melting raising sea levels by over 6 feet this century and displacing 600 million people, as well as collapsing ecosystems, forests, fisheries, and water supplies due to market failures to incorporate environmental costs. The author argues that urgent action is needed to transition off fossil fuels and stabilize population to avoid an irreversible extermination of humanity.
PLAN B NO BS - B. Creation Collapsing as I POVERTY, II POPULATION, III RESOUR...Start Loving
The document discusses several issues facing the world including poverty, population growth, environmental degradation, and their interaction and effects. Key points include:
1) Life expectancy has declined in some areas due to HIV/AIDS and hunger. There are also large gaps between countries and regions.
2) Environmental pollution is causing health issues in places like China where cancer deaths have surpassed others.
3) Poverty, disease, and lack of resources reinforce one another and are overwhelming some national governments. Problems will continue to worsen if not addressed.
PLAN B NO BS - C. Saving Creation - Bottom Line Summary, Budget of Plan B. C7...Start Loving
The document outlines a plan to address several global issues through investments in areas like renewable energy, education, health, population stabilization, and environmental restoration. The key points are:
1. It proposes investing over $100 billion per year to fund initiatives to transition to renewable energy, universal education, universal health care including family planning, and debt relief for developing nations.
2. An additional $77 billion per year would be needed to accelerate the shift to smaller families and fill funding gaps in education, health, and reducing population growth.
3. Investing $113 billion annually in environmental restoration initiatives including reforestation, soil conservation, restoring fisheries and rangelands, and expanding protected areas.
PLAN B NO BS - E. I. ERADICATE POVERTY, II. STABILIZE POPULATION. C7 V1Start Loving
1. The document outlines various policies and programs to reduce poverty and accelerate development, including universal primary education, teacher training, scholarships, literacy programs, school lunch programs, and expanding access to reproductive healthcare.
2. It notes that investments in education and health are cornerstones of human capital development and population stabilization.
3. Achieving the goals outlined would require an additional $77 billion in funding per year.
PLAN B NO BS - F. I. AVERT MASS POVERTY Increase– Feed 8 billion well. C9 V1Start Loving
1. Farmers are faced with challenges like shrinking irrigation water supplies, diminishing returns from fertilizer, and rising temperatures that are challenging world grain production.
2. Measures to address this include breeding more drought-tolerant crops, expanding multicropping, and improving irrigation efficiency in places like Africa through practices like planting leguminous trees.
3. Securing land ownership, raising irrigation efficiency, and establishing local water user groups can boost productivity by encouraging investment and better management of water resources.
PLAN B NO BS - G. III RESOURCE RAPE - WATER. Western Affloholic Rape and Plun...Start Loving
Lake Chad has shrunk 96% in 40 years due to declining rainfall and water use for irrigation. Aquifer overpumping has led to falling water tables around the world, including in major grain producers like China, India, and the US. As water scarcity grows due to population increase, many rivers are running dry or disappearing, including the Yellow River in China, the Indus River that supplies much of Pakistan's irrigation, and the Aral Sea in Central Asia, which has lost 80% of its volume.
PLAN B NO BS - H. III RESOURCE RAPE Natural Systems Under Terminal Stress. C5 V1Start Loving
- Soil erosion and degradation are causing widespread environmental and agricultural problems around the world. As soils are depleted, agricultural production declines and millions face hunger and malnutrition. Deforestation is a major driver of soil loss, as it removes protective vegetation and disrupts water cycles. If not addressed, soil erosion risks creating new "dust bowls" that can destroy livelihoods and ecosystems. Reversing these trends is critical to global food security and the environment.
PLAN B NO BS - I. III. RESTORE, LIVE WITHIN Earth RESOURCES. C8 V1Start Loving
1. Restoring the earth will require massive reforestation efforts, conservation of soils, restoration of fisheries and rangelands, and protection of biodiversity.
2. Achieving this will require investments totaling approximately $113 billion per year through activities like retiring erodible farmland, adopting conservation tillage practices, and reforesting degraded lands.
3. Reforestation costs approximately $400 per hectare including seedlings and labor, so planting 150 million hectares over 10 years would cost around $6 billion annually.
PLAN B NO BS - K. IV CARBON Coal, Oil Drowning, Frying, Killing us. C3 V1Start Loving
1. Climate change is causing glaciers and ice sheets to melt rapidly, which will raise sea levels and force many coastal dwellers to relocate.
2. Rising temperatures are also causing more frequent and intense heat waves, droughts, and wildfires, reducing agricultural production and threatening global food security.
3. The climate is changing much faster than anticipated due to human emissions, and further warming of 2-11°F this century is virtually certain unless carbon emissions are quickly reduced.
PLAN B NO BS - N. IV, III Minimize CARBON, RESOURCES, in Cities where 50% of ...Start Loving
The document proposes several strategies for improving urban sustainability, including redesigning transport systems to be more bike and pedestrian friendly, implementing water recycling and composting toilets to reduce water usage, and promoting urban agriculture. It also discusses examples of cities that have successfully implemented these kinds of sustainability programs, such as Bogota, Curitiba, and Singapore.
PLAN B NO BS - O. Repeat, Saving Creation - Bottom Line Summary, Budget of Pl...Start Loving
The document outlines a plan to address several global issues through investments in areas like renewable energy, education, health, population stabilization, and environmental restoration. The key points are:
1. It proposes investing over $100 billion per year to fund initiatives to transition to renewable energy, universal education, universal health care including family planning, and debt relief for developing nations.
2. An additional $77 billion per year would be needed to accelerate the shift to smaller families and fill funding gaps in education, health, and reducing population growth.
3. Investing $113 billion annually in environmental restoration initiatives including reforestation, soil conservation, restoring fisheries and rangelands, and expanding protected areas.
Plan b no bs f. i. avert mass poverty increase– feed 8 billion well. c9 v1Start Loving
This document discusses strategies for increasing food production efficiency to address rising global population and food demand. It recommends breeding more drought and cold tolerant crops, increasing multi-cropping, additional fertilization in Africa, securing land ownership, raising irrigation efficiency, moving to more efficient animal protein production, aquaculture such as fish polyculture, and using crops and land more productively.
This document summarizes key points from Lester Brown's book "Plan B 3.0: Mobilizing to Save Civilization". The book outlines four overriding goals: stabilizing the climate, stabilizing population, eradicating poverty, and restoring ecosystems. It argues that we must cut carbon emissions 80% by 2020 through raising efficiency, renewable energy, and reforestation. However, it notes that we are in a race between tipping points in the environment and building sufficient political will for action. The challenges are great but the technologies exist to transition our energy system if political leadership can be mobilized.
Chapter 2 deteriorating food and oil securityStart Loving
The document summarizes how peak oil and rising food prices threaten global food security. It notes that the world is increasingly dependent on oil for food production and transportation, but global oil production is peaking while demand rises. As a result, food and fuel prices are increasingly linked, with grain prices rising to oil equivalents. This diversion of food crops to fuel and higher input costs reduces the global food supply at a time when population is growing. The convergence of these trends risks increasing hunger, conflict, and state failures in vulnerable countries.
1. Global temperatures are rising due to climate change caused by human carbon emissions, melting glaciers and ice sheets.
2. Rising temperatures are causing more extreme weather events like heat waves and droughts, reducing crop yields and endangering food security.
3. Melting mountain glaciers and snowpack threaten to reduce water supplies for hundreds of millions depending on rivers fed by glacial melt.
Chapter 6 failing states and other early signs of declineStart Loving
Early signs of decline are emerging in many parts of the world. In sub-Saharan Africa, life expectancy has fallen by 10 years due to HIV/AIDS. Other problems include rising inequality, environmental degradation, and failing governments overwhelmed by complex problems. Pollution is also damaging health worldwide, with air pollution alone causing 3 million deaths each year.
Ch 7 eradicating poverty and stabilizing populationStart Loving
This document discusses strategies for eradicating poverty and stabilizing global population growth. It notes that China and India have lifted millions out of poverty through strong economic growth rates over recent decades. However, sub-Saharan Africa is facing increasing poverty, hunger, disease, and population growth that could undermine anti-poverty goals. Key strategies discussed include universal primary education, better access to reproductive healthcare and family planning, and nutrition programs like school lunches to improve education and reduce population growth. Iran is cited as an example of a country that rapidly reduced its population growth rate through a comprehensive national family planning program.
Urbanization is increasing rapidly, with more than half of people now living in cities. Many cities are facing problems with pollution, traffic, and resource use that impact livability. Some cities are redesigning transport systems to be more multi-modal and pedestrian-friendly, reducing car usage and increasing options like biking and public transit. Cities are also working to reuse water and implement composting toilets to reduce their environmental footprint and dependence on distant resources.
Plan B 3.0 Ch 5 Natural Systems Under StressStart Loving
Plan B 3.0 Audio Book here - http://www.youtube.com/user/StartLoving4#grid/user/96C0AF186A6025E2 PDF http://www.earth-policy.org/images/uploads/book_files/pb3book.pdf
Ellen Burstyn: From Detroit Dreamer to Hollywood Legend | CIO Women MagazineCIOWomenMagazine
In this article, we will dive into the extraordinary life of Ellen Burstyn, where the curtains rise on a story that's far more attractive than any script.
Enhancing Adoption of AI in Agri-food: IntroductionCor Verdouw
Introduction to the Panel on: Pathways and Challenges: AI-Driven Technology in Agri-Food, AI4Food, University of Guelph
“Enhancing Adoption of AI in Agri-food: a Path Forward”, 18 June 2024
The Steadfast and Reliable Bull: Taurus Zodiac Signmy Pandit
Explore the steadfast and reliable nature of the Taurus Zodiac Sign. Discover the personality traits, key dates, and horoscope insights that define the determined and practical Taurus, and learn how their grounded nature makes them the anchor of the zodiac.
Tired of chasing down expiring contracts and drowning in paperwork? Mastering contract management can significantly enhance your business efficiency and productivity. This guide unveils expert secrets to streamline your contract management process. Learn how to save time, minimize risk, and achieve effortless contract management.
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China’s official organizer of the Expo, CCPIT (China Council for the Promotion of International Trade https://en.ccpit.org/) has chosen Dr. Alyce Su as the Cover Person with Cover Story, in the Expo’s official magazine distributed throughout the Expo, showcasing China’s New Generation of Leaders to the World.
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During the budget session of 2024-25, the finance minister, Nirmala Sitharaman, introduced the “solar Rooftop scheme,” also known as “PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana.” It is a subsidy offered to those who wish to put up solar panels in their homes using domestic power systems. Additionally, adopting photovoltaic technology at home allows you to lower your monthly electricity expenses. Today in this blog we will talk all about what is the PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana. How does it work? Who is eligible for this yojana and all the other things related to this scheme?
7. * This will require a near doubling of capacity every two
years, up from the doubling every three years for the last
decade.
* It will mean .0001 gigawatt for every 2,500 of the world's
projected 2020 population of 7.5 billion people.
* Denmark—with .0001 gigawatt for every 1,700 people—
is already well beyond this goal.
* Spain will likely exceed this per capita goal before
2010 and
* Germany shortly thereafter.
* Plan B involves a crash program to
develop 3,000 gigawatts of wind
generating capacity by 2020; “
3000 ‘COAL PLANTS’ WORTH.
8. * 65 million cars the world produces each year.
* At $3 million per installed turbine, this would
involve investing $4.5 trillion over the next dozen
years, or $375 billion per year.
* World oil and gas capital expenditures that are
projected to reach $1 trillion per year
by 2016.
* Wind turbines can be mass-produced on assembly
lines.
* The idled capacity in the U.S. automobile industry
is sufficient – and the skilled, idled workers.
*
2 million
9. Plan B Energy Efficiency Measures
From Plan
October 2009
11. Plan B Carbon Dioxide Emissions
Reduction Goals for 2020
12. * Development of 5,153 gigawatts of new
renewable generating capacity by 2020, vs. 5,153 coal
plants.
* Over half of it from wind.
* More than enough to replace all the coal and oil and 70
percent of the natural gas now used to generate
electricity.
* The addition of 1,530 gigawatts of thermal
capacity by 2020 will reduce the use of both oil and
gas for heating buildings and water. Roughly two thirds
of this growth will come from rooftop solar water and
space heaters
*
13. * Europe:
* New electrical generating capacity from renewable
energy sources in 2006 exceeded that from
conventional sources.
* First continent to enter the new energy era.
* US generating capacity from wind increased 27
percent in 2006.
* Texas - wind power that could yield 23,000
megawatts of new generating capacity, an amount
equal to 23 coal-fired power plants.
* Note: Seems that 1 Gigawatt, 1000
Megawatts, approximates 1 coal plant.
*
14. * China, some 160 million people now get their
hot water from rooftop solar water heaters.
* Iceland, almost 90 percent of homes are
heated with geothermal energy.
* Europe, 60 million people rely on wind farms
for their electricity.
* Philippines, 19 million people get their
electricity from geothermal power plants.
*
15. * This chapter addresses the challenge of
harnessing renewable energy on a scale that
will help reduce worldwide carbon dioxide
(CO2) emissions by 80 percent.
* The first priority is to replace all coal- and
oil-fired electricity generation with
renewable sources.
* This is not Plan A, business as usual. This is
Plan B—a wartime mobilization, an all-out
response proportionate to the threat that
global warming presents to our future.
*
16. Restructuring of the energy economy will be
driven also by the realization that
*The fate of our global
civilization may depend not
only on doing so, but
*Doing so at wartime speed.
*
17. * A Stanford team - the earth's available wind energy
would provide 35 times as much electricity as the
world currently uses.
* China—with vast wind-swept plains in the north and
west, countless mountain ridges, and a long
coastline, all rich with wind—has enough readily
harnessable wind energy to easily double its current
electrical generating capacity.
* 3 States, North Dakota, Kansas, and Texas have
enough harnessable wind energy to totally satisfy
national energy needs.
* Wind turbine output has increased 20x in the last
30 years.
*
18. * Germany:
* Three north German states now get more than 30
percent of their electricity from wind.
* Germany as a whole, it is 7 percent—and
climbing.
* United States,
* Spain,
* India.
* Denmark is the leader, at 20 percent.
*
19. * Denmark is now looking to push the wind share
of its electricity to 50 percent, with most of
the additional power coming from offshore.
* They are looking at using wind as the mainstay
of their electrical generating system and fossil-
fuel-generated power to fill in when the wind
ebbs.
* Among the emerging wind powers are
China, France, and Canada, each of which
doubled its wind electric generation in 2006.
*
20. * Bird fatalities from wind farms are minuscule
compared with deaths from flying into
skyscrapers, colliding with cars, or being captured
by cats, or the 50 to 250 species going extinct DAILY
from CARBON warming and Earth Rape.
* When some people see a wind farm they see a
blight on the landscape. Others see a civilization-
saving source of energy.
* Among ranchers in Colorado or dairy farmers in
upstate New York, the competition for wind farms is
intense.
* A large, advanced design wind turbine can generate
$300,000 worth of electricity in a year.
* Farmers, with no investment on their part, typically
receive $3,000-10,000 a year in royalties for each
wind turbine erected on their land, 1 to 3% share.
*
21. * A corn farmer in northern Iowa can put a wind turbine on a
quarter-acre of land that can produce $300,000 worth of
electricity per year.
* This same quarter-acre would produce 40 bushels of corn
that in turn could produce 120 gallons of ethanol worth
$300.
* The turbines occupy less than 1 percent of the land in a
wind farm –
* Lets farmers harvest both energy and crops from the same
land.
* Thousands of ranchers in the wind-rich Great Plains will
soon be earning more from wind royalties than from cattle
sales.
*
23. * Abundant, low cost, and widely distributed,
* Scales up easily and can be developed quickly,
* The earth's wind resources cannot be depleted.
*
24. * This will require a near doubling of capacity every two
years, up from the doubling every three years for the last
decade.
* It will mean .0001 gigawatt for every 2,500 of the world's
projected 2020 population of 7.5 billion people.
* Denmark—with .0001 gigawatt for every 1,700 people—
is already well beyond this goal.
* Spain will likely exceed this per capita goal before
2010 and
* Germany shortly thereafter.
* Plan B involves a crash program to
develop 3,000 gigawatts of wind
generating capacity by 2020; “
3000 ‘COAL PLANTS’ WORTH.
25. * 65 million cars the world produces each year.
* At $3 million per installed turbine, this would
involve investing $4.5 trillion over the next dozen
years, or $375 billion per year.
* World oil and gas capital expenditures that are
projected to reach $1 trillion per year
by 2016.
* Wind turbines can be mass-produced on assembly
lines.
* The idled capacity in the U.S. automobile industry
is sufficient – and the skilled, idled workers.
*
2 million
26. * World desperately needs a new automotive energy economy, a new
source of fuel.
* Foundation for this has been laid with two new technologies:
* The gas-electric hybrid cars pioneered by Toyota and
* Advanced-design wind turbines.
* Toyota Prius—46 miles per gallon in combined city/highway
driving, compared with 20 miles per gallon for the average new U.S.
passenger vehicle, 60% LESS CARBON, GAS, OIL.
* US could easily cut its gasoline use in half simply by converting the U.S.
automobile fleet to hybrid cars.
* Recharging batteries with off-peak wind-generated electricity would
cost the equivalent of less than $1 per gallon of gasoline.
* This modification of hybrids to run largely on electricity could reduce
remaining gasoline use an additional 60 percent, for a total reduction of
80 percent.
*
27. * But this is not all. Amory Lovins—an energy efficiency
pioneer—notes that
* Substituting advanced polymer composites for steel in
auto bodies can "roughly double the efficiency of a
normal-weight hybrid without materially raising its total
manufacturing cost." Thus, building gas-electric hybrids
using the new advanced polymer composites, which are
being introduced by Boeing in its new 787 Dreamliner
jumbo jet, can cut the remaining 20 percent of fuel use
total reduction of
by another half, for a
90 percent.
*
28. * Network of gasoline service stations and the
* Electricity grid are already in place.
* 2006 study - 84 percent of the electricity used
by a national fleet of plug-in cars, pickup
trucks, and SUVs could be satisfied with the
existing electrical infrastructure since the
recharging would take place largely at
night, when there is an excess of generating
capacity.
*
29. * Can be largely offset by integrating local and
regional grids into a strong national
grid, something that is needed anyhow to raise
load-management efficiency.
* Since no two wind farms have identical wind
flows, each wind farm added to a large grid
reduces variability.
* With many wind farms on a large
grid, variability largely disappears.
*
30. * Shift to plug-in hybrids, since the vehicle
batteries become a storage system for wind
energy.
* With a smart grid, motorists could profitably
sell electricity back to the grid when needed
during peak demand.
* With their electricity storage capacity and
backup tank of gasoline, buffers the variability
of wind energy.
*
31. * Rejuvenate farm and ranch communities,
* Dramatically shrink the U.S. balance-of-trade
deficit.
* Could cut automobile CO2 emissions by some
90 percent.
*
32. *There is enough solar
energy reaching the earth
each hour to power the
world economy for one
year.
*
33. * Solar thermal collectors, widely used to heat
water, are now also used for space heating.
* Collectors - concentrate sunlight to boil water
and produce steam-generated electricity.
* Assemblages of solar electric cells are used on
a commercial power plant scale, with
individual plants capable of supplying
thousands of homes with electricity.
*
34. * 2,000 Chinese companies manufacturing rooftop solar
water heaters, this relatively simple low-cost
technology is
* Widely used in cities. It has also
* Leapfrogged into villages that do not yet have electricity.
* For as little as $200, villagers can have a rooftop solar
collector installed and take their first hot shower.
* Beijing plans to more than double by 2020.
* Equal to the electricity generated by 54 coal-fired
power plants. (Looks like each 800,000 heaters
would replace about one coal plant.)
* Once the initial installment cost is paid, the hot water
is essentially free.
*
35. * Austria, Europe's leader, 15 percent of all
households now rely on them for hot water.
* In some Austrian villages nearly all homes have
rooftop collectors.
* Some 2 million Germans are now living in homes
where water and space are both heated by rooftop
solar systems.
* European Union has a long-term potential of
developing 1,200 thermal gigawatts, about 1,200
coal plants worth of solar water and space
heating, which means that the sun could meet most
of Europe's low-temperature heating needs.
* In industrial countries these systems pay for
themselves from electricity savings in fewer than 10
years.
*
36. * Now doubling every two years.
* The estimated sales for 2008 of over 5
gigawatts.
* Will climb to 320 gigawatts in 2020.*
* When a villager buys a solar cell system, that
person is in effect buying a 25-year supply of
electricity.
*Note 12/19/11: Headline today an energy CEO
projecting that roof-top solar will be cheaper
than grid energy by 2016, many years faster than
was expected even a year ago.
*
37. * Uses reflectors with automated tracking systems to
concentrate sunlight on a closed vessel containing
water or some other liquid, raising the temperature
as high as 750 degrees Fahrenheit to produce
steam.
* California installed .354 gigawatts of solar thermal-
generating capacity nearly 20 years ago.
* Prominent among the regions with the solar
intensity needed to profitably operate solar thermal
power plants are the U.S. Southwest, North
Africa, Mediterranean Europe, the Middle
East, Central Asia, and the desert regions of
Pakistan, northwestern India, and northern and
western China.
*
38. * Algeria - "our potential in thermal solar power is four
times the world's energy consumption."
* Solar thermal generation in sunny climates peaks
during the day when air conditioning needs and
personal power demands are also peaking.
* Southwestern United States
* A potential solar power generating capacity of 7,000
gigawatts of electricity, roughly seven times current
U.S. generating capacity from all sources. (Seems US
electric total is 1,000 GW? Something wrong with
these numbers.)
* 80 gigawatts of this generating potential could be
developed by 2030.
* We suggest a more immediate goal of 200 gigawatts
by 2020.
* 12/19/11 Note: Solar panel price is diving so fast
that they may take up much of this slack.
*
39. * The heat in the upper six miles of the earth's
crust contains 50,000 times as much energy
as found in all the world's oil and gas (not
coal) reserves combined.
* Only 9.3 gigawatts of geothermal generating
capacity have been harnessed worldwide.
* Because of the dominance of the
oil, gas, and coal industries, which have
been
* Providing cheap fuel by omitting the indirect
costs of fossil fuel burning,
* Relatively little has been invested in
developing the earth's geothermal heat
resources.
*
40. * Over the last decade, geothermal energy has
been growing at scarcely 3 percent a year.
* An estimated 100 thermal gigawatts of
geothermal energy, roughly 10 times the
amount converted to electricity, is used
directly—without conversion into electricity—to
* Heat homes and greenhouses and as
* Process heat in industry –
* The energy used in hot baths in Japan and to
* Heat homes in Iceland and
* Greenhouses in Russia.
*
41. * Forest industry byproducts,
* sugar industry byproducts,
* urban waste,
* livestock waste,
* energy crops,
* crop residues, and
* urban tree and yard wastes.
The bulk of the nearly 10 gigawatts in U.S. plant-
based electrical generation comes from burning forest
waste.
*
42. * City of nearly 300,000 people.
* Combined heat and power plant using tree waste from
the city's parks, industrial wood waste, and wood from
other sources.
* 250,000 tons or more of waste wood per year, just
under 1 ton per person.
* District heating to some 80 percent of the downtown
area.
* Replaced coal, thus simultaneously
* Cutting carbon emissions by 76,000 tons per year,
* Disposing of waste wood, and
* Providing a sustainable source of heat and electricity.
*
43. * Europe, waste-to-energy plants supply 20
million consumers with heat.
* United States, some 89 waste-to-energy plants
convert 20 million tons of waste into power for
6 million consumers.
*
44. * U.S. livestock and poultry production now
concentrated in large facilities.
* Use of animal waste in anaerobic digesters to
produce methane (natural gas).
*
46. * 2007 the world produced
* 13.1 billion gallons of fuel ethanol and
* 2.3 billion gallons of biodiesel.
* 50% of the ethanol came from the United States
(corn), a 33% came from Brazil (sugarcane).
* One fourth of the biodiesel was produced in
Germany. The other major producers were the
* United States, France, and Italy.
* Europe, with high goals for biodiesel use and low
potential for expanding oilseed
production, biodiesel refiners are turning to palm
oil from Malaysia and Indonesia, where the
clearing of rainforests for palm plantations is
raising worldwide concern.
*
47. * Switchgrass, woodchips, wheat straw, and corn
stalks into ethanol.
* Switchgrass and hybrid poplars would produce
relatively high ethanol yields on marginal lands, but
* It likely will be another decade before cellulosic
ethanol can compete with corn-based ethanol.
* Burning cellulosic crops to directly generate
electricity is much more efficient than converting
them to ethanol.
* United States could generate 110 gigawatts of
electricity from burning crops such as switchgrass
and fast growing trees, roughly 10 times the
current level.
* Worldwide use of plant materials to generate
electricity could contribute 200 gigawatts of
generating capacity by 2020.
*
48. * Roughly 16 percent of the world's electricity
comes from hydropower, most of it from large
dams.
* Small-scale projects continue to be built.
* 2006 small dams with a combined 6 gigawatts of
generating capacity were built in rural areas of
China.
* The future holds the promise of In-stream
turbines that do not need a dam and are thus
less environmentally intrusive.
*
49. * La Ranee barrage, with a generating capacity
of .240 gigawatts—was built 40 years ago in
France and is still operating today.
* South Korea is building a .254-gigawatt project
on its west coast.
* At another site 30 miles to the north, engineers
are planning an .812-gigawatt tidal facility.
* China is planning a .300-gigawatt tidal facility
at the mouth of the Yalu River.
* New Zealand is planning a .2-gigawatt project
in the Kaipara Harbour on the country's north
coast.
*
50. * India is planning to build a 39-mile barrage
across the Gulf of Khambhat on the country's
northwest coast with a 7.4-gigawatt generating
capacity.
* United Kingdom, several political leaders are
pushing for an 8.6-gigawatt tidal facility in the
Severn Estuary.
* Russian planners are also talking in terms of
10-gigawatt tidal power plants.
*
51. * Californian utility PG&E has filed a plan to
develop two .04 gigawatt wave farms off the
state's north coast.
* Oil giant Chevron filed for a permit to develop
up to .06 gigawatts of wave generating
capacity nearby.
* Ireland has the most ambitious wave power
development goal: .5 gigawatts of wave
generating capacity by 2020, enough to supply
7 percent of its electricity.
*
52. * 850 gigawatts (850,000 megawatts, 850 coal plants
worth aprox.) of hydroelectric power in operation
worldwide in 2006 will expand to 1,350 gigawatts by
2020, a 58% increase.
* China's official projections, 270 gigawatts will be
added there, mostly from large dams in the
country's southwest.
* 230 gigawatts in our projected growth by 2020
would come from a scattering of large dams still
being built in countries like Brazil and Turkey, a
large number of small hydro facilities, a fast-
growing number of tidal projects (some of them in
the multi-gigawatt range), and numerous smaller
wave power projects.
*
53. * Development of 5,153 gigawatts of new
renewable generating capacity by 2020, vs. 5,153 coal
plants.
* Over half of it from wind.
* More than enough to replace all the coal and oil and 70
percent of the natural gas now used to generate
electricity.
* The addition of 1,530 gigawatts of thermal
capacity by 2020 will reduce the use of both oil and
gas for heating buildings and water. Roughly two thirds
of this growth will come from rooftop solar water and
space heaters
*
54. * Fossil fuel-generated electricity drops by 90
percent.
* Fivefold growth in renewably generated
electricity.
* Transportation sector, energy use from fossil
fuels drops by some 70 percent.
* Plug-in hybrids,
* Electric trains.
*
55. * When coal is phased out as a power source the
vast amount of energy used to extract the
coal, bring it to the surface, and transport it—
typically hundreds of miles by rail to power
plants—is no longer needed. Some 42 percent
of U.S. freight is coal transported by diesel-
powered locomotives.
*
56. * 2020 electricity will be the principal source of
energy for cars.
* Trains electricity will replace diesel fuel.
* Many buildings will be all-electric—
heated, cooled, and illuminated entirely with
carbon-free renewable electricity.
*
57. * It gives consumers a choice, for
example, between running a dishwasher during
peak demand and paying
* 9 cents per kilowatt-hour for electricity and
running it at 3 a.m. using
* 5 cents electricity.
* Can shrink their electricity bills and benefit
utilities by reducing the generating capacity
that utilities will need.
*
58. * We anticipate that the energy transition will be
driven largely by mounting concerns about climate
change.
* Climbing oil prices.
* Restructuring of taxes to incorporate the indirect
costs of burning fossil fuels.
* It is encouraging to know that we now have the
technologies to build a new energy economy, one
that is not climate-disruptive, that does not pollute
the air, and that can last as long as the sun itself.
*
59. *The question is no longer
whether we can develop a
climate-stabilizing energy
economy, but whether we
can develop it before
climate change spins out
of control.