PLAN B NO BS - L. IV, III OBSOLETE CARBON Coal, and the Squandering of RESOUR...Start Loving
The document discusses strategies for reducing electricity usage through increased energy efficiency, with a focus on lighting and appliances. It states that shifting to CFLs and LEDs for lighting could cut worldwide electricity usage for lighting from 19% to 7%, saving enough electricity to avoid building 705 new coal-fired power plants. Similarly, it asserts that efficiency gains in lighting and appliances alone could replace the need for all new coal plants projected to be built by 2020. The document outlines additional efficiency strategies for buildings, transportation systems, and other sectors.
Natural gas plays an essential role in reducing carbon emissions and air pollution. It emits half the carbon dioxide of coal for electricity generation. Increased use of natural gas could displace 19% of carbon emissions from coal. Natural gas also provides reliable backup power to intermittent renewable sources like wind and solar. It is an important partner in developing renewable energy and transitioning to a cleaner future.
UN-HABITAT is working to promote urban planning as a way to mitigate climate change because well-planned cities provide a better foundation for sustainable development. The UK government aims to make the majority of newly built homes zero-carbon by 2016 by exempting them from stamp duty for a limited time starting this year. However, critics argue this may increase costs and the government has not explained how the goal will be achieved. UN-HABITAT deals with climate change and urban development, including through urban planning, as part of its mandate from the UN.
NNFCC market review bioenergy issue seven october 2012NNFCC
Welcome to the October issue of our bioenergy market review. This month has seen heightened scrutiny of energy bills, in the wake of rising bills and the forthcoming launch of the UK Governments Energy Bill.
Executive summary for Last Chance Saloon for CSP (Concentrated Solar Power)Simon Thompson
This is the executive summary for "Last Chance Saloon for Gen 3 CSP" which is a report and forecast from Rethink Energy.
It’s about the global Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) business which, although small compared to photovoltaic or wind power, will be a $10 billion global industry by 2030. How so?
Previous CSP marquee projects such as the “tower power” plants of the Mojave Desert have proved to be expensive and R&D-hungry. Although impressive, they’ve tarnished the sector and in recent years investment has gone elsewhere.
It means that CSP has effectively lain moribund for a decade.
But in recent years a new wave of technology-driven CSP companies have brought a swathe of minor innovations, improvements on efficiency and cheaper equipment to the market.
CSP can now provide temperatures of 1,000 degrees Celsius, enabling the technology to play a role in the decarbonization of the cement, steelmaking, and mining industries. And in China there are plans to use CSP on the power grid as “peak-shaving” energy storage.
Does this mean that this 3rd generation of CSP activity will lead to profitable returns? What are the new technologies and who are the players? And what will be the impact of the global demand for hydrogen on CSP?
The answer to these questions and more can be found in Last Chance Saloon for Gen 3 CSP in this 30-page report, illustrated with graphs and accompanied by an Excel spreadsheet with projections.
Check out
https://rethinkresearch.biz/reports-category/rethink-energy-research/
for more details about this forecast and the Rethink Energy service
This document discusses Airtricity, an Irish renewable energy company founded in 1997 and sold in 2008 for over €2 billion. It provides electricity to 375,000 Irish customers and has projects across Europe and China, focusing on wind, hydro, and solar energy. The document proposes several innovative concepts for Airtricity, including allowing customers to invest deposits in renewable projects, donating a portion of bills to developing countries, offering electric car rentals, and empowering local renewable energy generation through partnerships. A focus group found the financial investment, philanthropic, and automotive concepts most promising.
After Britain generated more electricity from solar power than coal for the first time, the solar industry faces an uncertain future. While solar capacity and investment has grown rapidly in recent years due to falling costs and government subsidies, support has now been cut back. This threatens the estimated 10,000 jobs in the UK solar industry as companies struggle without subsidies. Supporters argue solar is now cost competitive and could become self-sufficient in the near future, but the government aims to reduce consumer costs and create a sustainable industry without subsidies. The future of the promising UK solar industry remains unclear as the debate around costs and subsidies continues.
PLAN B NO BS - L. IV, III OBSOLETE CARBON Coal, and the Squandering of RESOUR...Start Loving
The document discusses strategies for reducing electricity usage through increased energy efficiency, with a focus on lighting and appliances. It states that shifting to CFLs and LEDs for lighting could cut worldwide electricity usage for lighting from 19% to 7%, saving enough electricity to avoid building 705 new coal-fired power plants. Similarly, it asserts that efficiency gains in lighting and appliances alone could replace the need for all new coal plants projected to be built by 2020. The document outlines additional efficiency strategies for buildings, transportation systems, and other sectors.
Natural gas plays an essential role in reducing carbon emissions and air pollution. It emits half the carbon dioxide of coal for electricity generation. Increased use of natural gas could displace 19% of carbon emissions from coal. Natural gas also provides reliable backup power to intermittent renewable sources like wind and solar. It is an important partner in developing renewable energy and transitioning to a cleaner future.
UN-HABITAT is working to promote urban planning as a way to mitigate climate change because well-planned cities provide a better foundation for sustainable development. The UK government aims to make the majority of newly built homes zero-carbon by 2016 by exempting them from stamp duty for a limited time starting this year. However, critics argue this may increase costs and the government has not explained how the goal will be achieved. UN-HABITAT deals with climate change and urban development, including through urban planning, as part of its mandate from the UN.
NNFCC market review bioenergy issue seven october 2012NNFCC
Welcome to the October issue of our bioenergy market review. This month has seen heightened scrutiny of energy bills, in the wake of rising bills and the forthcoming launch of the UK Governments Energy Bill.
Executive summary for Last Chance Saloon for CSP (Concentrated Solar Power)Simon Thompson
This is the executive summary for "Last Chance Saloon for Gen 3 CSP" which is a report and forecast from Rethink Energy.
It’s about the global Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) business which, although small compared to photovoltaic or wind power, will be a $10 billion global industry by 2030. How so?
Previous CSP marquee projects such as the “tower power” plants of the Mojave Desert have proved to be expensive and R&D-hungry. Although impressive, they’ve tarnished the sector and in recent years investment has gone elsewhere.
It means that CSP has effectively lain moribund for a decade.
But in recent years a new wave of technology-driven CSP companies have brought a swathe of minor innovations, improvements on efficiency and cheaper equipment to the market.
CSP can now provide temperatures of 1,000 degrees Celsius, enabling the technology to play a role in the decarbonization of the cement, steelmaking, and mining industries. And in China there are plans to use CSP on the power grid as “peak-shaving” energy storage.
Does this mean that this 3rd generation of CSP activity will lead to profitable returns? What are the new technologies and who are the players? And what will be the impact of the global demand for hydrogen on CSP?
The answer to these questions and more can be found in Last Chance Saloon for Gen 3 CSP in this 30-page report, illustrated with graphs and accompanied by an Excel spreadsheet with projections.
Check out
https://rethinkresearch.biz/reports-category/rethink-energy-research/
for more details about this forecast and the Rethink Energy service
This document discusses Airtricity, an Irish renewable energy company founded in 1997 and sold in 2008 for over €2 billion. It provides electricity to 375,000 Irish customers and has projects across Europe and China, focusing on wind, hydro, and solar energy. The document proposes several innovative concepts for Airtricity, including allowing customers to invest deposits in renewable projects, donating a portion of bills to developing countries, offering electric car rentals, and empowering local renewable energy generation through partnerships. A focus group found the financial investment, philanthropic, and automotive concepts most promising.
After Britain generated more electricity from solar power than coal for the first time, the solar industry faces an uncertain future. While solar capacity and investment has grown rapidly in recent years due to falling costs and government subsidies, support has now been cut back. This threatens the estimated 10,000 jobs in the UK solar industry as companies struggle without subsidies. Supporters argue solar is now cost competitive and could become self-sufficient in the near future, but the government aims to reduce consumer costs and create a sustainable industry without subsidies. The future of the promising UK solar industry remains unclear as the debate around costs and subsidies continues.
The document discusses Florida Power & Light's plans to build large-scale solar energy plants in Florida, including the DeSoto Next Generation Solar Energy Center. It notes that this solar facility will be the largest in North America when completed later in 2009. The document also mentions that Florida aims to become the second largest solar power producing state in the country through these solar plants. Additionally, it discusses small-scale residential solar energy systems and programs from utilities to promote energy efficiency and renewable energy.
The document discusses renewable energy sources in India and whether they are a viable option. It notes that renewable sources currently cannot play a major role in India's power sector without high opportunity costs to consumers and the economy. While renewable energy grew due to concerns over fossil fuel depletion and pollution, the technologies are currently inefficient and uneconomical compared to coal. Significant government subsidies have been required to promote renewable energy in India. The document concludes that India's government spent money promoting renewables without considering statistics, and should instead focus on improving existing power supply through conventional sources using efficient technologies.
The document discusses the growth of renewable energy sources like wind and solar. It notes that new electrical capacity from renewable sources exceeded conventional sources in Europe in 2006, making it the first continent to enter the new renewable energy era. Wind generating capacity increased significantly in the US and Texas in 2006. The document outlines growth in various countries' use of wind, solar, and geothermal energy. It argues that harnessing renewable energy on a large scale can help reduce carbon emissions by 80% and discusses plans to rapidly expand wind and solar energy generation globally by 2020 through large investments.
2008 Presentation I gave at Grinnell college arguing for renewables and efficiency to replace coal for electrical generation
I give concrete plans for how to transition to renewables for small Iowa communities and do it at a profit
Renewable energy a viable option sp gonchaudhuriIPPAI
The document discusses renewable energy as a viable option for power generation. It notes that worldwide renewable energy capacity and potential is large, but current consumption is still low, especially for new renewables like solar and wind. However, the scenario is changing rapidly as these sources are being aggressively adopted due to factors like rising fossil fuel prices, environmental pressures, and the need to electrify rural areas. The document uses India as a case study, where over half a billion people lack electricity access. It argues that solar and biomass power are already financially viable options in many remote areas compared to conventional fuels. The projected cost of coal power is also increasing more than previously estimated, suggesting grid parity between coal and solar could be achieved by 2015
Energy Transition: Multi-$trillion Ponzi scheme or the biggest tech market ever?Simon Thompson
Background: The conundrum of the oil price
About $100 billion a year is spent by the 5 biggest global oil companies “finding” more oil. Today $300 billion a year is spent on installing renewables like solar and windpower – almost three times what is spent by those oil companies.
But there is no money spent on “finding” new sun, as we already know where the sun is at its brightest. There is also no money spent finding out where it is windiest because we already know.
Oil company valuation
Value = oil price today X assets in the ground minus cost of getting it out
New formula
Value = oil price today (and in the future) X assets in ground minus cost of getting it out of the ground
If oil falls to $30
Value = 20% of oil worth getting out of the ground –value falls by 80%. With debt = worthless
Stop digging for new oil.
If oil falls to $20
Almost zero oil is worth getting out of the ground
So Oil industry = zero less debt - negative
Oil goes to $20 in 2043...
Evan Ramsey, Senior Director of Renewable Programs at Bonneville Environmental Foundation gave this presentation at Forth's webinar on September 08, 2020
The document summarizes initiatives several MGM Resorts International properties have undertaken to increase energy efficiency and sustainability, such as installing variable frequency drives, improving lighting efficiency, increasing recycling rates, and implementing renewable energy projects. These projects have resulted in annual savings of over $5 million and 50 million kWh of energy across MGM properties.
1) The COVID-19 pandemic has had wide-ranging impacts on the global energy system, with renewables such as solar leading the rebound in demand while coal has struggled to return to pre-crisis levels.
2) A delayed economic recovery could usher in the slowest decade of energy demand growth in over a century and prolong today's oversupply of fossil fuels.
3) Getting to net zero global emissions by 2050 would require unprecedented additional actions over the next decade across clean electricity, electric vehicles, hydrogen, financing, and government policies.
The document discusses the importance of saving energy due to limited resources and increasing global energy demand and population. It notes that at a 1% annual growth rate of oil consumption, global oil reserves will be exhausted in less than 40 years. Switching to more efficient energy sources like solar and using technologies like frequency inverters and variable speed pumps/fans can significantly reduce energy usage and costs. Conservation and efficiency are key to addressing the global energy challenge.
Global warming concerns leading to decarbonization is shifting energy from fossil fuels to renewable energy. The slides briefly touch on different ways of decarbonizing & alternative energy resources.
The document provides statistics on electricity production in various countries around the world. It lists the top 20 countries by electricity production and provides 1-3 brief details about each country's electricity sources and production levels. The United States has the highest production at over 4,100 billion kWh, sourced primarily from coal and natural gas plants. China has the second highest production and sources from coal, hydroelectric, and has a geographical mismatch between energy sources and demand centers. Japan sources about a quarter each from coal, gas, oil, and nuclear power.
Werner - Emerging Energy Infrastructure Technologies: Opportunities and Imple...Environmental Initiative
The document discusses emerging energy infrastructure technologies and opportunities for implementation in Minnesota. It provides an overview of electricity sources and generation in MN, including goals for increasing renewable energy. Specific projects to expand transmission lines and increase distributed generation are mentioned. The document also discusses opportunities for local communities to develop local renewable resources, the economic and job benefits of different renewable technologies, and policies that can support renewable energy development.
100% Clean, Renewable Energy and Storage for EverythingLeonardo ENERGY
A recording of this webinar is available at https://youtu.be/XmRAxB9MTyU
In this webinar, Mark Jacobson introduces his new book that lays out the science, technology, economics, policy, and social aspects of a transition to 100% clean, renewable energy in order to address climate change, air pollution, and energy insecurity. Considering the EU Green Deal, the US Green New Deal and China’s climate neutrality commitment, this book is a very timely and welcome addition to the transition movement. It is one-of-a-kind:
* It’s both a textbook for students and a briefing for a broader audience of professionals and interested lay persons active in the transition movement
* It provides a focus on a selection of clean, renewable technologies that have been proven to work and can be rapidly deployed
* It includes a concrete plan howto get to 100%, clean, renewable energy and storage for everything.
* It develops energy plans for states and countries while keeping the grid stable.
* It describes practical solutions and the policies needed for those solutions.
'Mark Jacobson’s new book, 100% Clean, Renewable Energy and Storage for Everything, provides the most authoritative look yet at the future of energy beyond fossil fuels. The text is clearly written, authoritative, and thoroughly referenced. This will make a great text book for courses on energy and climate change, but is also a must read for all of us interested in the transition to a renewable future.' - Robert W. Howarth, Cornell University, New York
Energy consumption and economic wellbeingnanditasarker
This document discusses energy consumption trends globally and by various countries and sectors. It makes three key points:
1. Energy is essential for improving living standards and powering economic development as countries industrialize. Energy supplies will need to expand to meet growing demand.
2. Total energy consumption and per capita energy usage has increased significantly in recent decades, especially in developing countries like China, and is projected to continue rising to support economic growth.
3. Transportation, industry, and residential sectors account for the majority of energy consumption, with natural gas and oil being the dominant fuel sources globally and in most countries. Improving energy efficiency can reduce costs for economies.
This document discusses Japan's renewable energy revolution and what it means for businesses in Hokkaido. It provides details on Japan's new feed-in tariff program that guarantees prices for renewable energy producers. While renewable energy projects are advancing, especially solar and wind in Hokkaido, there are still challenges to overcome like regulatory hurdles, opposition from local industries, and ensuring stable energy supplies. Hokkaido has strong potential for renewable energy due to its climate and geography, but local leadership is needed to fully realize this opportunity.
H.R. 2774 seeks to increase funding for solar energy research and development through grants administered by the Department of Energy. The bill aims to make solar power more cost competitive with fossil fuels like coal by focusing funding on improving solar thermal energy storage capacity and increasing investor and political support for solar. The summary provides background on the current state of solar technology and energy policy. It explains the motivation and goals of H.R. 2774 to support the development of solar, especially concentrated solar power, as a more substantial source of electricity in the United States.
PLAN B NO BS - F. I. AVERT MASS POVERTY Increase– Feed 8 billion well. C9 V1Start Loving
1. Farmers are faced with challenges like shrinking irrigation water supplies, diminishing returns from fertilizer, and rising temperatures that are challenging world grain production.
2. Measures to address this include breeding more drought-tolerant crops, expanding multicropping, and improving irrigation efficiency in places like Africa through practices like planting leguminous trees.
3. Securing land ownership, raising irrigation efficiency, and establishing local water user groups can boost productivity by encouraging investment and better management of water resources.
PLAN B NO BS - E. I. ERADICATE POVERTY, II. STABILIZE POPULATION. C7 V1Start Loving
1. The document outlines various policies and programs to reduce poverty and accelerate development, including universal primary education, teacher training, scholarships, literacy programs, school lunch programs, and expanding access to reproductive healthcare.
2. It notes that investments in education and health are cornerstones of human capital development and population stabilization.
3. Achieving the goals outlined would require an additional $77 billion in funding per year.
The document discusses Florida Power & Light's plans to build large-scale solar energy plants in Florida, including the DeSoto Next Generation Solar Energy Center. It notes that this solar facility will be the largest in North America when completed later in 2009. The document also mentions that Florida aims to become the second largest solar power producing state in the country through these solar plants. Additionally, it discusses small-scale residential solar energy systems and programs from utilities to promote energy efficiency and renewable energy.
The document discusses renewable energy sources in India and whether they are a viable option. It notes that renewable sources currently cannot play a major role in India's power sector without high opportunity costs to consumers and the economy. While renewable energy grew due to concerns over fossil fuel depletion and pollution, the technologies are currently inefficient and uneconomical compared to coal. Significant government subsidies have been required to promote renewable energy in India. The document concludes that India's government spent money promoting renewables without considering statistics, and should instead focus on improving existing power supply through conventional sources using efficient technologies.
The document discusses the growth of renewable energy sources like wind and solar. It notes that new electrical capacity from renewable sources exceeded conventional sources in Europe in 2006, making it the first continent to enter the new renewable energy era. Wind generating capacity increased significantly in the US and Texas in 2006. The document outlines growth in various countries' use of wind, solar, and geothermal energy. It argues that harnessing renewable energy on a large scale can help reduce carbon emissions by 80% and discusses plans to rapidly expand wind and solar energy generation globally by 2020 through large investments.
2008 Presentation I gave at Grinnell college arguing for renewables and efficiency to replace coal for electrical generation
I give concrete plans for how to transition to renewables for small Iowa communities and do it at a profit
Renewable energy a viable option sp gonchaudhuriIPPAI
The document discusses renewable energy as a viable option for power generation. It notes that worldwide renewable energy capacity and potential is large, but current consumption is still low, especially for new renewables like solar and wind. However, the scenario is changing rapidly as these sources are being aggressively adopted due to factors like rising fossil fuel prices, environmental pressures, and the need to electrify rural areas. The document uses India as a case study, where over half a billion people lack electricity access. It argues that solar and biomass power are already financially viable options in many remote areas compared to conventional fuels. The projected cost of coal power is also increasing more than previously estimated, suggesting grid parity between coal and solar could be achieved by 2015
Energy Transition: Multi-$trillion Ponzi scheme or the biggest tech market ever?Simon Thompson
Background: The conundrum of the oil price
About $100 billion a year is spent by the 5 biggest global oil companies “finding” more oil. Today $300 billion a year is spent on installing renewables like solar and windpower – almost three times what is spent by those oil companies.
But there is no money spent on “finding” new sun, as we already know where the sun is at its brightest. There is also no money spent finding out where it is windiest because we already know.
Oil company valuation
Value = oil price today X assets in the ground minus cost of getting it out
New formula
Value = oil price today (and in the future) X assets in ground minus cost of getting it out of the ground
If oil falls to $30
Value = 20% of oil worth getting out of the ground –value falls by 80%. With debt = worthless
Stop digging for new oil.
If oil falls to $20
Almost zero oil is worth getting out of the ground
So Oil industry = zero less debt - negative
Oil goes to $20 in 2043...
Evan Ramsey, Senior Director of Renewable Programs at Bonneville Environmental Foundation gave this presentation at Forth's webinar on September 08, 2020
The document summarizes initiatives several MGM Resorts International properties have undertaken to increase energy efficiency and sustainability, such as installing variable frequency drives, improving lighting efficiency, increasing recycling rates, and implementing renewable energy projects. These projects have resulted in annual savings of over $5 million and 50 million kWh of energy across MGM properties.
1) The COVID-19 pandemic has had wide-ranging impacts on the global energy system, with renewables such as solar leading the rebound in demand while coal has struggled to return to pre-crisis levels.
2) A delayed economic recovery could usher in the slowest decade of energy demand growth in over a century and prolong today's oversupply of fossil fuels.
3) Getting to net zero global emissions by 2050 would require unprecedented additional actions over the next decade across clean electricity, electric vehicles, hydrogen, financing, and government policies.
The document discusses the importance of saving energy due to limited resources and increasing global energy demand and population. It notes that at a 1% annual growth rate of oil consumption, global oil reserves will be exhausted in less than 40 years. Switching to more efficient energy sources like solar and using technologies like frequency inverters and variable speed pumps/fans can significantly reduce energy usage and costs. Conservation and efficiency are key to addressing the global energy challenge.
Global warming concerns leading to decarbonization is shifting energy from fossil fuels to renewable energy. The slides briefly touch on different ways of decarbonizing & alternative energy resources.
The document provides statistics on electricity production in various countries around the world. It lists the top 20 countries by electricity production and provides 1-3 brief details about each country's electricity sources and production levels. The United States has the highest production at over 4,100 billion kWh, sourced primarily from coal and natural gas plants. China has the second highest production and sources from coal, hydroelectric, and has a geographical mismatch between energy sources and demand centers. Japan sources about a quarter each from coal, gas, oil, and nuclear power.
Werner - Emerging Energy Infrastructure Technologies: Opportunities and Imple...Environmental Initiative
The document discusses emerging energy infrastructure technologies and opportunities for implementation in Minnesota. It provides an overview of electricity sources and generation in MN, including goals for increasing renewable energy. Specific projects to expand transmission lines and increase distributed generation are mentioned. The document also discusses opportunities for local communities to develop local renewable resources, the economic and job benefits of different renewable technologies, and policies that can support renewable energy development.
100% Clean, Renewable Energy and Storage for EverythingLeonardo ENERGY
A recording of this webinar is available at https://youtu.be/XmRAxB9MTyU
In this webinar, Mark Jacobson introduces his new book that lays out the science, technology, economics, policy, and social aspects of a transition to 100% clean, renewable energy in order to address climate change, air pollution, and energy insecurity. Considering the EU Green Deal, the US Green New Deal and China’s climate neutrality commitment, this book is a very timely and welcome addition to the transition movement. It is one-of-a-kind:
* It’s both a textbook for students and a briefing for a broader audience of professionals and interested lay persons active in the transition movement
* It provides a focus on a selection of clean, renewable technologies that have been proven to work and can be rapidly deployed
* It includes a concrete plan howto get to 100%, clean, renewable energy and storage for everything.
* It develops energy plans for states and countries while keeping the grid stable.
* It describes practical solutions and the policies needed for those solutions.
'Mark Jacobson’s new book, 100% Clean, Renewable Energy and Storage for Everything, provides the most authoritative look yet at the future of energy beyond fossil fuels. The text is clearly written, authoritative, and thoroughly referenced. This will make a great text book for courses on energy and climate change, but is also a must read for all of us interested in the transition to a renewable future.' - Robert W. Howarth, Cornell University, New York
Energy consumption and economic wellbeingnanditasarker
This document discusses energy consumption trends globally and by various countries and sectors. It makes three key points:
1. Energy is essential for improving living standards and powering economic development as countries industrialize. Energy supplies will need to expand to meet growing demand.
2. Total energy consumption and per capita energy usage has increased significantly in recent decades, especially in developing countries like China, and is projected to continue rising to support economic growth.
3. Transportation, industry, and residential sectors account for the majority of energy consumption, with natural gas and oil being the dominant fuel sources globally and in most countries. Improving energy efficiency can reduce costs for economies.
This document discusses Japan's renewable energy revolution and what it means for businesses in Hokkaido. It provides details on Japan's new feed-in tariff program that guarantees prices for renewable energy producers. While renewable energy projects are advancing, especially solar and wind in Hokkaido, there are still challenges to overcome like regulatory hurdles, opposition from local industries, and ensuring stable energy supplies. Hokkaido has strong potential for renewable energy due to its climate and geography, but local leadership is needed to fully realize this opportunity.
H.R. 2774 seeks to increase funding for solar energy research and development through grants administered by the Department of Energy. The bill aims to make solar power more cost competitive with fossil fuels like coal by focusing funding on improving solar thermal energy storage capacity and increasing investor and political support for solar. The summary provides background on the current state of solar technology and energy policy. It explains the motivation and goals of H.R. 2774 to support the development of solar, especially concentrated solar power, as a more substantial source of electricity in the United States.
PLAN B NO BS - F. I. AVERT MASS POVERTY Increase– Feed 8 billion well. C9 V1Start Loving
1. Farmers are faced with challenges like shrinking irrigation water supplies, diminishing returns from fertilizer, and rising temperatures that are challenging world grain production.
2. Measures to address this include breeding more drought-tolerant crops, expanding multicropping, and improving irrigation efficiency in places like Africa through practices like planting leguminous trees.
3. Securing land ownership, raising irrigation efficiency, and establishing local water user groups can boost productivity by encouraging investment and better management of water resources.
PLAN B NO BS - E. I. ERADICATE POVERTY, II. STABILIZE POPULATION. C7 V1Start Loving
1. The document outlines various policies and programs to reduce poverty and accelerate development, including universal primary education, teacher training, scholarships, literacy programs, school lunch programs, and expanding access to reproductive healthcare.
2. It notes that investments in education and health are cornerstones of human capital development and population stabilization.
3. Achieving the goals outlined would require an additional $77 billion in funding per year.
Handbook of fundamental social change.
TRANSCRIPT, TEXT, VIDEOS HERE: http://jesusgodgoodetcnjay.blogspot.com/2012/02/occupy-dc-guide-to-accelerated-high.html
More at http://jesusgodgoodetcnjay.blogspot.com/
PLAN B NO BS - A. Deathbed - Earth, ALL Creation but A final Chance Remains -...Start Loving
The document warns that humanity's extinction is imminent due to accelerating environmental collapse caused by climate change, resource depletion, and pollution. Key points include glacial and ice sheet melting raising sea levels by over 6 feet this century and displacing 600 million people, as well as collapsing ecosystems, forests, fisheries, and water supplies due to market failures to incorporate environmental costs. The author argues that urgent action is needed to transition off fossil fuels and stabilize population to avoid an irreversible extermination of humanity.
PLAN B NO BS - D. Global Marshall Plan to Save Creation. C13 V1Start Loving
This document discusses the need to shift taxes and subsidies away from environmentally destructive activities and towards more sustainable practices. It argues that the current economic system fails to accurately account for environmental costs, and proposes several policy changes to internalize these externalities, such as:
1. Implementing carbon taxes on fossil fuels and other polluting industries to reflect the true social costs of environmental damage and climate change.
2. Shifting taxes from income to carbon emissions, through higher gasoline taxes and vehicle taxes, to incentivize renewable energy and more sustainable transportation options.
3. Eliminating over $700 billion in annual global subsidies that currently support activities like fossil fuel production, deforestation, and overfishing.
PLAN B NO BS - C. Saving Creation - Bottom Line Summary, Budget of Plan B. C7...Start Loving
The document outlines a plan to address several global issues through investments in areas like renewable energy, education, health, population stabilization, and environmental restoration. The key points are:
1. It proposes investing over $100 billion per year to fund initiatives to transition to renewable energy, universal education, universal health care including family planning, and debt relief for developing nations.
2. An additional $77 billion per year would be needed to accelerate the shift to smaller families and fill funding gaps in education, health, and reducing population growth.
3. Investing $113 billion annually in environmental restoration initiatives including reforestation, soil conservation, restoring fisheries and rangelands, and expanding protected areas.
PLAN B NO BS - B. Creation Collapsing as I POVERTY, II POPULATION, III RESOUR...Start Loving
The document discusses several issues facing the world including poverty, population growth, environmental degradation, and their interaction and effects. Key points include:
1) Life expectancy has declined in some areas due to HIV/AIDS and hunger. There are also large gaps between countries and regions.
2) Environmental pollution is causing health issues in places like China where cancer deaths have surpassed others.
3) Poverty, disease, and lack of resources reinforce one another and are overwhelming some national governments. Problems will continue to worsen if not addressed.
This document discusses the potential for energy conservation in the United States. It notes that while the US has only 5% of the world's population, it uses 26% of global energy. Significant energy savings could be achieved through existing off-the-shelf technologies, such as reducing home heating and cooling costs by 80%. Specific strategies discussed include using more efficient lighting like compact fluorescent bulbs, improving insulation and windows, installing solar water heating, and setting back thermostats. Widespread adoption of these measures could avoid the need for new power plants and lower energy bills, carbon emissions, and global warming impacts.
This document provides a summary of various sustainable energy sources and technologies, organized into the following sections: conservation, green buildings, transportation, cogeneration, solar energy (passive, active, photovoltaics), fuel cells, biomass energy, energy from earth's forces (hydropower, wind, geothermal, tidal, wave), and energy storage methods. Specific technologies discussed include compact fluorescent lights, electric vehicles, solar thermal plants, photovoltaic cells, fuel cells, biodiesel, ethanol, algae as a biofuel, wind turbines, hydroelectric dams, and ocean thermal energy conversion.
The document discusses various options for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and addressing climate change issues. It examines the feasibility and environmental impacts of different energy sources. It notes that substantial reductions in carbon dioxide emissions can only be achieved by switching away from fossil fuels to alternative energy sources like solar, wind, hydrogen fuel cells and biofuels which emit no greenhouse gases. It also discusses the role of urban planning and building design in reducing emissions through efficient land use and construction techniques.
ACHIEVE NET ZERO CO2 BY 2050 or an Economic Depression
ECONOMICS (GDP)
- Increasing climate extremes cost $390 billion in 2020.
- Present trends indicate a 10%-GDP-decrease depression
-Carbon Fee Plus Dividend solution
NON-CARBON EMITTING TECHNOLOGIES:
Electric Vehicles (EVs) charged by
Next generation nuclear reactors
The document discusses various sustainable energy sources and strategies including:
1. Conservation methods like green buildings, compact fluorescent lights, and increased appliance efficiencies.
2. Renewable energy sources like solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, and biomass. Specific technologies discussed include photovoltaics, fuel cells, algae biofuels, and cellulosic ethanol.
3. Transportation efficiency like electric vehicles, hybrids, and increased fuel economy standards.
The document discusses how government CIOs can help make Canada a world leader in the next industrial transformation by building a zero carbon economy through information and communication technologies (ICT). It outlines challenges like rising ICT carbon emissions and costs of carbon taxes. It proposes using ICT and new network architectures that follow renewable energy sources to provide reliable services and share infrastructure costs. This could create economic benefits while helping transition to renewable energy and a carbon-positive economy through "gCommerce" rewards rather than taxes.
The document discusses various renewable energy sources including solar, wind, biomass, and biofuels. It provides information on technologies such as solar photovoltaics and solar thermal, types of wind turbines, biomass heating systems, and combined heat and power systems. Case studies are presented on installations of solar PV, biomass CHP, and small residential wind turbines.
The document outlines AllianceBernstein's plans to create and distribute an educational multimedia program on investment implications of climate change. It will include 5 segments covering topics like opportunities in shifting to renewable and nuclear power, investing in "clean" fossil fuels through carbon capture, and increasing energy efficiency. Metrics on viewership will be collected. The program aims to demonstrate their thought leadership on this issue and promote their climate change research to clients and the media.
Two areas where carbon emissions can be immediately reduced are lighting and water delivery systems. Upgrading to LED lighting can reduce energy usage from lighting by 20% and allow facilities to close coal power plants. Installing turbines in water delivery systems can generate electricity from water flow and pressure, offsetting the large energy usage from pumping and treating water. Several case studies show upgrades to LED lighting and installing turbines in water systems achieved large reductions in energy usage and carbon emissions along with payback periods of 1-2 years.
The Positive Environmental and Economical Impact of CHPDr. Roger Achkar
By capturing waste heat from electricity production, CHP systems require less fuel than separate heat and power systems, reducing greenhouse gas emissions like CO2 and air pollutants such as NOx. If 20% of US power came from CHP by 2030, it could eliminate 848 million tons of CO2 emissions, equivalent to removing 154 million cars from the road. CHP also provides economic benefits like reduced energy costs, offset capital costs, and a hedge against volatile energy prices. For example, using CHP in Saudi Arabia could increase crude oil exports by 150,000 barrels per day, increasing national revenues by around 14 billion Saudi Riyals annually.
This document provides an agenda and background for a presentation on Scotland's transition to a low carbon economy and potential lessons for Ecuador. The agenda includes an introduction discussing the global energy trilemma, comparing Scotland and Ecuador, and the key building blocks of Scotland's policy framework, energy innovation, and funding sources. Scotland has made progress towards its climate targets through policies targeting emissions reductions in energy supply, homes, industry, transport, waste, and rural land use. Lessons for Ecuador are that even countries highly dependent on fossil fuels can transition to a low carbon economy through innovation that creates new business opportunities and jobs.
The document discusses various efforts to address global warming through reducing carbon emissions, including incentives for more fuel efficient vehicles, developing renewable energy sources, and taxing carbon emissions. It also provides examples of current and developing green technologies like solar panels, wind turbines, geothermal systems, algae biofuels, and carbon credits. The costs of alternative fuels are compared to traditional sources like coal and policies to promote green jobs are mentioned.
GREEN ENERGY’S ECONOMIC PROGRESS
Reducing carbon missions by 51% in 2030
-Environmental, social, and governance funds have more than tripled to reach $2 Trillion.
-Three new “Mean Green” board members are forcing Exxon to clean up its act.
-GM is betting big on batteries for electric vehicles with a new $2.3 billion plant in Ohio.
-Advances in electric vehicles and next-generation nuclear reactors are helping the US achieve its goal of reducing carbon emissions to net zero by 2050.
The document discusses energy conservation in India. It notes that while India has 5% of the world's population, it accounts for 26% of global energy use. Improving energy efficiency through technologies like compact fluorescent light bulbs, solar water heating, better insulation, and higher efficiency appliances can significantly reduce energy costs for Indian households while cutting carbon emissions. Energy conservation has already saved India an estimated $12 billion per year in avoided electricity costs compared to continuing higher usage trends, but further opportunities remain in buildings, transportation, and industry.
Climate change will have a big impact on how we carry out big science. Remote instrumentation to access instruments located at renewable energy sites will be critical
This document discusses the benefits of solar energy generation over fossil fuels for electricity production in the UK. It notes that solar energy is an abundant and renewable resource, while coal, oil, and natural gas reserves are depleting. The UK government has implemented a Feed-in Tariff program to encourage more individuals and businesses to install small-scale solar panel systems. This program pays participants for all electricity generated by their solar systems and helps the UK make progress toward its goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 80% by 2050. Installing a solar panel system can provide a tax-free income from the Feed-in Tariff for 25 years and lower electricity bills.
Energy Efficiency: Meeting the Challenge & Fueling A Better Built EnvironmentAlliance To Save Energy
More than 40 leaders in industry, finance, research, and policy convened at La Costa Resort in Carlsbad, Calif., to discuss critical issues and opportunities for the HVAC&R industry, including climate change, energy efficiency, refrigerants and pending federal legislation.
Community heating provides several economic benefits by reducing costs through economies of scale. As more consumers connect to larger heating systems, fixed costs are shared lowering the average cost per user. It also cuts operating costs by bulk purchasing of fuels at lower rates than household tariffs and using renewable sources which insulates against volatile fossil fuel prices. Government funding and regulations are supporting increased adoption of community heating in the UK and EU to achieve carbon reduction targets in a sustainable and cost effective manner.
This project enumerates ways to mitigate climate change through eight strategies. Each strategy, called as 'wedge', when implemented could reduce carbon emission by 1b ton by 2055. This project prioritizes these strategies based on cost of implementation and public opinion. Ranks are assigned from 1 to 8, with 1 for highly feasible [low cost and less criticism] and 8 for hardly feasible.
As seen from the presentation, adopting to biofuels is found to be least feasible (rank-8), followed by fuel switching for electricity (rank-7). In contrast, improving transport efficiency is found to be highly feasible (rank-1), followed by efficiency in electricity production (rank-2). Justifications (qualitative and quantitative) are provided for the ranking of each strategy.
In the concluding slides, stakeholder perspectives are provided for automobile industry and industrial/developing nations. The climate wedges concept was developed by Princeton University, Ford and BP to find solutions to greenhouse gas problem (see references).
Reference:
- Carbon Mitigation Initiative http://cmi.princeton.edu/wedges/
- Stabilization Wedges Game https://cmi.princeton.edu/wedges/pdfs/teachers_guide.pdf
This work is done as a part of graduate course titled Global Air Pollutants in Spring 2016. The author was pursuing MS in Environmental Engineering Sciences at University of Florida during the making of this project.
Similar to Ch 11 stopping new carbon plants thru energy efficiency (20)
PLAN B NO BS - G. III RESOURCE RAPE - WATER. Western Affloholic Rape and Plun...Start Loving
Lake Chad has shrunk 96% in 40 years due to declining rainfall and water use for irrigation. Aquifer overpumping has led to falling water tables around the world, including in major grain producers like China, India, and the US. As water scarcity grows due to population increase, many rivers are running dry or disappearing, including the Yellow River in China, the Indus River that supplies much of Pakistan's irrigation, and the Aral Sea in Central Asia, which has lost 80% of its volume.
PLAN B NO BS - H. III RESOURCE RAPE Natural Systems Under Terminal Stress. C5 V1Start Loving
- Soil erosion and degradation are causing widespread environmental and agricultural problems around the world. As soils are depleted, agricultural production declines and millions face hunger and malnutrition. Deforestation is a major driver of soil loss, as it removes protective vegetation and disrupts water cycles. If not addressed, soil erosion risks creating new "dust bowls" that can destroy livelihoods and ecosystems. Reversing these trends is critical to global food security and the environment.
PLAN B NO BS - I. III. RESTORE, LIVE WITHIN Earth RESOURCES. C8 V1Start Loving
1. Restoring the earth will require massive reforestation efforts, conservation of soils, restoration of fisheries and rangelands, and protection of biodiversity.
2. Achieving this will require investments totaling approximately $113 billion per year through activities like retiring erodible farmland, adopting conservation tillage practices, and reforesting degraded lands.
3. Reforestation costs approximately $400 per hectare including seedlings and labor, so planting 150 million hectares over 10 years would cost around $6 billion annually.
PLAN B NO BS - J. IV CARBON Oil - 20th Century's Fatal Seductress. C2 V1Start Loving
- Oil production has increased 180-fold over the 20th century, fueling population growth and modern civilization. However, the world's largest oil fields have already been discovered and global production is now in decline.
- Alternative sources like tar sands require much more energy to produce and are highly polluting. As conventional oil supplies dwindle, global competition and conflict over remaining reserves is likely to intensify.
- Agriculture has also become heavily dependent on oil to power machinery, transport food, and produce fertilizers. Declining oil supplies threaten the ability to feed the world's population in the coming decades. Difficult system-wide changes will be needed to transition to post-oil sustainable farming.
PLAN B NO BS - K. IV CARBON Coal, Oil Drowning, Frying, Killing us. C3 V1Start Loving
1. Climate change is causing glaciers and ice sheets to melt rapidly, which will raise sea levels and force many coastal dwellers to relocate.
2. Rising temperatures are also causing more frequent and intense heat waves, droughts, and wildfires, reducing agricultural production and threatening global food security.
3. The climate is changing much faster than anticipated due to human emissions, and further warming of 2-11°F this century is virtually certain unless carbon emissions are quickly reduced.
PLAN B NO BS - M. IV REPLACE CARBON Sprint toward Wind and Sun, Eliminating E...Start Loving
Plan B calls for a massive buildout of wind generating capacity to replace coal and oil for electricity generation. It would require doubling wind capacity every two years to reach 3,000 gigawatts by 2020, costing $4.5 trillion but creating jobs. Pairing wind with hybrid electric vehicles that can be charged from the grid would dramatically reduce oil use and emissions. The technologies exist to implement Plan B and transition to a renewable energy economy that avoids catastrophic climate change.
PLAN B NO BS - N. IV, III Minimize CARBON, RESOURCES, in Cities where 50% of ...Start Loving
The document proposes several strategies for improving urban sustainability, including redesigning transport systems to be more bike and pedestrian friendly, implementing water recycling and composting toilets to reduce water usage, and promoting urban agriculture. It also discusses examples of cities that have successfully implemented these kinds of sustainability programs, such as Bogota, Curitiba, and Singapore.
PLAN B NO BS - O. Repeat, Saving Creation - Bottom Line Summary, Budget of Pl...Start Loving
The document outlines a plan to address several global issues through investments in areas like renewable energy, education, health, population stabilization, and environmental restoration. The key points are:
1. It proposes investing over $100 billion per year to fund initiatives to transition to renewable energy, universal education, universal health care including family planning, and debt relief for developing nations.
2. An additional $77 billion per year would be needed to accelerate the shift to smaller families and fill funding gaps in education, health, and reducing population growth.
3. Investing $113 billion annually in environmental restoration initiatives including reforestation, soil conservation, restoring fisheries and rangelands, and expanding protected areas.
Plan b no bs f. i. avert mass poverty increase– feed 8 billion well. c9 v1Start Loving
This document discusses strategies for increasing food production efficiency to address rising global population and food demand. It recommends breeding more drought and cold tolerant crops, increasing multi-cropping, additional fertilization in Africa, securing land ownership, raising irrigation efficiency, moving to more efficient animal protein production, aquaculture such as fish polyculture, and using crops and land more productively.
This document summarizes key points from Lester Brown's book "Plan B 3.0: Mobilizing to Save Civilization". The book outlines four overriding goals: stabilizing the climate, stabilizing population, eradicating poverty, and restoring ecosystems. It argues that we must cut carbon emissions 80% by 2020 through raising efficiency, renewable energy, and reforestation. However, it notes that we are in a race between tipping points in the environment and building sufficient political will for action. The challenges are great but the technologies exist to transition our energy system if political leadership can be mobilized.
Chapter 2 deteriorating food and oil securityStart Loving
The document summarizes how peak oil and rising food prices threaten global food security. It notes that the world is increasingly dependent on oil for food production and transportation, but global oil production is peaking while demand rises. As a result, food and fuel prices are increasingly linked, with grain prices rising to oil equivalents. This diversion of food crops to fuel and higher input costs reduces the global food supply at a time when population is growing. The convergence of these trends risks increasing hunger, conflict, and state failures in vulnerable countries.
1. Global temperatures are rising due to climate change caused by human carbon emissions, melting glaciers and ice sheets.
2. Rising temperatures are causing more extreme weather events like heat waves and droughts, reducing crop yields and endangering food security.
3. Melting mountain glaciers and snowpack threaten to reduce water supplies for hundreds of millions depending on rivers fed by glacial melt.
Chapter 6 failing states and other early signs of declineStart Loving
Early signs of decline are emerging in many parts of the world. In sub-Saharan Africa, life expectancy has fallen by 10 years due to HIV/AIDS. Other problems include rising inequality, environmental degradation, and failing governments overwhelmed by complex problems. Pollution is also damaging health worldwide, with air pollution alone causing 3 million deaths each year.
Ch 7 eradicating poverty and stabilizing populationStart Loving
This document discusses strategies for eradicating poverty and stabilizing global population growth. It notes that China and India have lifted millions out of poverty through strong economic growth rates over recent decades. However, sub-Saharan Africa is facing increasing poverty, hunger, disease, and population growth that could undermine anti-poverty goals. Key strategies discussed include universal primary education, better access to reproductive healthcare and family planning, and nutrition programs like school lunches to improve education and reduce population growth. Iran is cited as an example of a country that rapidly reduced its population growth rate through a comprehensive national family planning program.
This document discusses the need to restore the earth by protecting and restoring forests, reducing pressure on forests through reducing wood use and increasing recycling, conserving and rebuilding soils through practices like no-till farming, protecting plant and animal diversity through increasing protected areas and addressing threats like climate change, and planting trees to sequester carbon and help address climate change. Specific examples are provided from countries like South Korea, China, the US, and others of programs and policies that have helped restore forests and landscapes. The overall message is that a large, global effort is needed to restore the earth's health and support both environmental and economic systems.
This document discusses feeding the world's growing population in a sustainable way. It summarizes that China has gone from widespread hunger to becoming a major food aid donor through agricultural reforms. World grain production has tripled since 1950 due to new crops and fertilizers, but faces challenges from limited resources. Raising water and land productivity, producing protein more efficiently, and dietary changes can help meet future needs.
Urbanization is increasing rapidly, with more than half of people now living in cities. Many cities are facing problems with pollution, traffic, and resource use that impact livability. Some cities are redesigning transport systems to be more multi-modal and pedestrian-friendly, reducing car usage and increasing options like biking and public transit. Cities are also working to reuse water and implement composting toilets to reduce their environmental footprint and dependence on distant resources.
This document discusses the need for a massive global mobilization to combat climate change similar to the US mobilization during WWII. It argues we must rapidly restructure the global economy to be powered by renewables, shift from fossil fuels to EVs, end deforestation, and incorporate environmental costs into pricing. Specific policies proposed include carbon taxes, ending subsidies for coal/oil, boosting renewables, and shifting retirement service overseas. Failure to act could lead to economic and societal collapse as environmental tipping points are passed.
Plan B 3.0 Ch 5 Natural Systems Under StressStart Loving
Plan B 3.0 Audio Book here - http://www.youtube.com/user/StartLoving4#grid/user/96C0AF186A6025E2 PDF http://www.earth-policy.org/images/uploads/book_files/pb3book.pdf
Plan B 3.0 Audio Book Chapter 4 Emerging Water ShortagesStart Loving
1) Water scarcity is a growing problem around the world as demand for water triples over the last half century due to population growth, increased irrigation, and industrialization.
2) Aquifers and lakes are being depleted, rivers are running dry, and overpumping of groundwater is leading to falling water tables in many major farming regions.
3) Water scarcity is exacerbated by climate change and is contributing to conflicts within and between countries that share rivers and aquifers.
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केरल उच्च न्यायालय ने 11 जून, 2024 को मंडला पूजा में भाग लेने की अनुमति मांगने वाली 10 वर्षीय लड़की की रिट याचिका को खारिज कर दिया, जिसमें सर्वोच्च न्यायालय की एक बड़ी पीठ के समक्ष इस मुद्दे की लंबित प्रकृति पर जोर दिया गया। यह आदेश न्यायमूर्ति अनिल के. नरेंद्रन और न्यायमूर्ति हरिशंकर वी. मेनन की खंडपीठ द्वारा पारित किया गया
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Christian persecution in Islamic countries has intensified, with alarming incidents of violence, discrimination, and intolerance. This article highlights recent attacks in Nigeria, Pakistan, Egypt, Iran, and Iraq, exposing the multifaceted challenges faced by Christian communities. Despite the severity of these atrocities, the Western world's response remains muted due to political, economic, and social considerations. The urgent need for international intervention is underscored, emphasizing that without substantial support, the future of Christianity in these regions is at grave risk.
https://ecspe.org/the-rise-of-christian-persecution-in-islamic-countries/
Slide deck with charts from our Digital News Report 2024, the most comprehensive exploration of news consumption habits around the world, based on survey data from more than 95,000 respondents across 47 countries.
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Federal Authorities Urge Vigilance Amid Bird Flu Outbreak | The Lifesciences ...The Lifesciences Magazine
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Why We Chose ScyllaDB over DynamoDB for "User Watch Status"ScyllaDB
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Recent years have seen a disturbing rise in violence, discrimination, and intolerance against Christian communities in various Islamic countries. This multifaceted challenge, deeply rooted in historical, social, and political animosities, demands urgent attention. Despite the escalating persecution, substantial support from the Western world remains lacking.
18062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
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4. Plan B Carbon Dioxide Emissions Reduction Goals for 2020
5. Reestablish a balance between carbon emissions and nature's capacity to sequester Cutting net carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions 80 percent by 2020 This will halt the rise in atmospheric CO2, stabilizing it below 400 parts per million (ppm), up only modestly from the 384 ppm in 2007. Will also help keep future temperature rise to a minimum
6. Cut net CO2 emissions 80 percent by 2020 Includes stopping deforestation and an Even more ambitious effort to cut fossil fuel use Raising energy efficiency to offset all projected demand growth Developing the earth's rich array of renewable energy resources in order to close down all coal- and oil-fired power plants
7. CO2 sequestration at coal-fired power plants Extremely high costs Lack of investor interest Reason to doubt that carbon sequestration will be economically viable on a meaningful scale by 2020
8. We do not count on a buildup in nuclear power Our assumption is that new openings of nuclear power plants worldwide will simply offset the closing of aging plants If we use full-cost pricing - requiring utilities to absorb the costs of Disposing of nuclear waste, Decommissioning the plant when it is worn out Insuring the reactors against possible accidents and terrorist attacks… Building nuclear plants in a competitive electricity market is simply not economical Nuclear power
9. World electricity generation totaled 18.5 trillion kilowatt-hours in 2006 Two thirds came from fossil fuels 40 percent from coal, 6 percent from oil, and 20 percent from natural gas 15 percent from nuclear 16 percent from hydropower 2 percent or so from other renewables Average U.S. Home uses roughly 10,000 kilowatt-hours of electricity per year
10. Supplies 40 percent of the world's electricity 70 percent of the electrical sector's CO2 emissions First priority is to reduce demand enough to avoid constructing any new coal-fired power plants Germany has cut coal use 37 percent since 1990 United Kingdom has cut coal use 43 percent, largely by replacing it with north sea natural gas Coal
11. Early 2007, some 150 new coal-fired plants were planned for US Public opposition began to mount California, which imports 20 percent of its electricity, prohibited the signing of any new contracts to import electricity produced with coal Other states, including Florida, Texas, Minnesota, Washington, and Kansas, followed, refusing licenses for coal-fired power plants or otherwise preventing their construction
12. 2007 when Citigroup downgraded coal company stocks U.S. Senate majority leader harry Reid of Nevada, who had been opposing three coal-fired power plants planned for his own state, announced that he was extending his opposition to building coal-fired power plants anywhere in the world Investment analysts and political leaders are now beginning to see what has been obvious for some time to scientists such as NASA's James Hansen, who says that it makes no sense to build coal-fired power plants when we will have to bulldoze them in a few years
14. Perhaps the quickest, easiest, and most profitable way to reduce electricity use worldwide—thus cutting carbon emissions—is simply to change light bulbs Replacing the inefficient incandescent light bulbs that are still widely used today with new compact fluorescents (CFLs) can reduce electricity use by three fourths Banning the bulb
15. CFL's Over its lifetime, each standard (13 watt) CFL will reduce electricity bills by roughly $30 The energy saved by replacing a 100-watt incandescent bulb with an equivalent CFL over its lifetime is sufficient to drive a Toyota Prius hybrid car from new york to San Francisco. Each one reduces energy use by the equivalent of 200 pounds of coal over its lifetime
16. Action for cfl’s worldwide 2007 Australia announced it would phase out the sale of incandescent light bulbs by 2010 Canada soon followed, saying it would phase out incandescents sales by 2012 U.S. Coalition of environmental groups joined with Philips lighting to launch an initiative to shift to more-efficient bulbs in all of the country's estimated 4 billion light sockets by 2016
17. Action in US By mid-2007, some 15 states either had passed or were considering legislation to restrict or ban the sale of incandescent light bulbs The proposed legislation in new york, for example, would phase out incandescents by 2012 With a dozen or so others restricting or proposing to restrict use in one way or another, pressure is building to pass legislation making this shift nationwide
18. Brazil, china action Hit by a nationwide electricity shortage in 2000-02, responded with an ambitious program to replace incandescents with CFLs An estimated half of its light sockets now contain these efficient bulbs China—working with the global environment facility—announced a plan to replace all its incandescents with more efficient lighting within a decade
19. LED's even more efficient CFL's use only one fourth as much electricity as incandescent light bulbs LED's use one fifth as much electricity as the old-fashioned incandescent bulbs New York City has replaced traditional bulbs with LEDs in many of its traffic lights, cutting its annual bill for maintenance and electricity by $6 million. LED costs are still high, however, discouraging widespread consumer use.
20. Huge efficiency from turning lights off or down There are numerous technologies for reducing electricity used for lighting, including Motion sensors that turn lights off when spaces are unoccupied, such as in washrooms, hallways, and stairwells. In cities, dimmers can be used to reduce street light intensity, and timers can turn off outside lights that illuminate monuments or other landmarks when people are asleep. Dimmers can also be used to take advantage of day lighting to reduce the intensity of interior lighting
21. Shifting to CFLs in homes, to the most advanced linear fluorescents in office buildings, commercial outlets, and factories, and to LEDs in traffic lights would cut the world share of electricity used for lighting from 19 percent to 7 percent. This would save enough electricity to avoid building 705 coal-fired power plants. By way of comparison, today there are 2,370 coal-fired plants in the world
23. Huge efficiencies exist for many household appliances, such as refrigerators U.S. Energy policy act of 2005 Rise in efficiency standards that will reduce electricity demand enough to avoid building 29 coal-fired power plants Other provisions in the act—such as tax incentives that encourage the adoption of energy-efficient technologies, a shift to more combined heat and power generation, and the adoption of real-time pricing of electricity (a measure that will discourage optional electricity use during peak demand periods)—would cut electricity demand enough to avoid building an additional 37 coal-fired power plants Altogether, these measures will reduce consumer electricity and gas bills in 2020 by over $20 billion. For every $1 invested in more-efficient appliances, consumers will save over $4 on their electricity and gas bills Energy efficient appliances
24. 1980 its appliance manufacturers produced only 50,000 refrigerators, virtually all for domestic use 2004 they produced 30 million refrigerators, 73 million color TVs, and 24 million clothes washers, many of which were for export With the extraordinary growth of industry, raised china's electricity use sevenfold from 1980 to 2004 With appliance efficiency, the big challenge now is china
25. Europeans On average use roughly half as much electricity as Americans or Canadians They still have a large potential for reducing their usage Refrigerator in Europe uses roughly half as much electricity as one in the United States The most efficient refrigerators on the market today use only one fourth as much electricity as the average refrigerator in Europe
26. That consumed when the appliance is not being used Is up to 10 percent of total electricity consumption Some governments are capping the amount of standby power used by TV sets, computers, microwaves, DVD players, and so on at 1 watt per appliance. South Korea, for example, is mandating a 1-watt limit on standby levels for many appliances by 2010. Australia is doing the same for nearly all appliances by 2012. A US Study estimates that roughly 5 percent of U.S. Residential electricity use is consumed by appliances in standby mode If this figure dropped to 1 percent, which could be done easily, it would reduce electricity use enough to avoid building 17 coal-fired power plants Electricity for standby use
27. The principal reason that consumers do not buy the most energy-efficient appliances is because the improved design and insulation increase the upfront costs. If, however, societies adopt a carbon tax reflecting the health care costs of breathing polluted air and the costs of climate change, the more efficient appliances would be economically much more attractive But also, it is a moral duty. Thou shalt not kill. Put appliance carbon costs at the sticker
28. A worldwide set of appliance efficiency standards keyed to the most efficient models on the market would lead to energy savings in the appliance sector approaching or exceeding the 12 percent of world electricity savings from more efficient lighting. Gains in lighting and appliance efficiencies alone would enable us to avoid building 1,410 coal-fired power plants—more than the 1,382 new coal-fired power plants projected by the international energy agency (IEA) to be built by 2020 Lighting and appliance efficiency could replace all new coal plants
30. United States, buildings—commercial and residential—account for 70 percent of electricity use and over 38 percent of CO2 emissions Worldwide, building construction accounts for 40 percent of materials use. An energy retrofit of an older inefficient building can cut energy use by 20-50 percent The next step, shifting entirely to carbon-free electricity, either generated onsite or purchased, to heat, cool, and light the building completes the job. Presto! A zero-carbon building. More-efficient buildings
31. Recognizing the value of green buildings Growing sense of "the looming obsolescence of non-green buildings," one that is driving a wave of reform in both construction and real estate. Further, Davis Langdon says, "going green is future-proofing your asset.“
32. Leadership in energy and environmental design (LEED) Voluntary certification program sets standards so high that It has eclipsed the U.S. Government energy star certification program for buildings Four certification levels—certified, silver, gold, and platinum Are attractive to buyers because they have Lower operating costs, higher lease rates, and happier, healthier occupants than traditional buildings do
33. Site selection - locating the building close to public transport, such as light rail or buses To energy efficiency, incl. Must maximize the exposure to daylight, with minimum daylight illumination for 75 percent of the occupied space Water efficiency, Materials used, and Indoor environmental quality Higher certification depends on provision of bicycle racks and shower facilities for employees. LEED gives insight into the many ways buildings can become more energy-efficient
34. LEED With energy, exceeding the high level of efficiency required for basic certification earns additional points. Further points are awarded for the use of Renewable energy, Including rooftop solar cells to generate electricity, Rooftop solar water and space heaters, and The purchase of green power.
35. Chesapeake Bay Foundation's office building for its 100 staff members near Annapolis, Maryland Ground source heat pump for heating and cooling, a Rooftop solar heater for hot water, and Sleekly designed composting toilets that produce a rich humus used to fertilize the landscape surrounding the building Toyota's north American office in Torrance, California - houses 2,000 employees Large solar-electric generating facility The combination of waterless urinals and rainwater recycling enable it to operate with 94 percent less water than a conventionally designed building of the same size LEED
36. 54-story Bank of America tower in new york Its own co-generation power plant and Will collect rainwater, Reuse waste water, and Use recycled materials in construction New buildings at the world trade center site is being designed to achieve gold certification 60-story office building in Chicago Use river water to cool the building in summer, and The rooftop will be covered with plants to reduce runoff and heat loss Energy-conserving measures will save the owner $800,000 a year in energy bills. LEED
37. California study of LEED buildings Certification raised construction costs by $4 per square foot The standard- and silver-certified buildings earned a profit over the first 20 years of $49 per square foot The gold- and platinum-certified buildings earned $67 per square foot
38. Today's architectural concepts and construction technologies enable architects to easily design new buildings with half the energy requirements of today's buildings. Among the design technologies are Natural day-lighting, Rooftop solar-electric cells, Natural ventilation, Glazed windows, Reduced water use, More-efficient lighting technologies, and Motion sensors for lighting Architects
40. Compelling reasons for countries everywhere to restructure their transport systems Stabilize atmospheric CO2 levels Prepare for falling oil production Alleviate traffic congestion Reduce air pollution The U.S. Car-centered transportation model, with three cars for every four people will not likely be viable over the long term even for the United States Restructuring the transport system
41. Reshaping transportation systems centers around changing role of the car Transition from a predominantly rural global society to a largely urban one By 2020 close to 55 percent of us will be living in cities, where the role of cars is diminishing. In Europe, where this process is well along, car sales in almost every country have peaked and are falling
42. World oil output close to peaking Will not be enough economically recoverable oil Oil shocks are now a major security risk US where 88 percent of the 133 million working people travels to work by car, is dangerously vulnerable
43. World policy emerging in places London – A daily $16 toll on cars entering central London Possibly a $50-per-day charge on sport utility vehicles entering the city because of their high CO2 emissions Proposal enjoys the support of Londoners by a three to one margin NY – Considering a tax on cars entering the city
44. World policy emerging in places New York and San Francisco Taxis in their cities will be hybrids by 2012 New york goal is to replace the 13,000 existing taxis that get roughly 14 miles per gallon with cars that will get 30-50 miles per gallon Reduce CO2 emissions, fuel use, and local air pollution
45. In city - lies with a mix of light rail, buses, bicycles, cars, and walking Intra-city - over distances of 500 miles or less belongs to high-speed trains Operating at speeds up to 190 miles per hour Japan's bullet trains carry almost a million passengers a day On some of the heavily used intercity high-speed rail lines, trains depart every three minutes Japan's high-speed rail network now stretches for 1,360 miles, linking nearly all its major cities Future of city transportation
46. Early 2007 there were 3,034 miles of high-speed rail operating in Europe 1,711 more miles to be added by 2010 The Paris-to-Brussels link, A distance of 194 miles that is Covered by train in 85 minutes, opened, The share of those traveling between the two cities by train rose from 24 percent to 50 percent. The car share dropped from 61 percent to 43 percent, and C02-intensive plane travel virtually disappeared Carbon dioxide emissions per passenger mile on Europe's high-speed trains are one third those of its cars and only one fourth those of its planes European high speed rail
47. In the plan B economy, CO2 emissions from trains will essentially be zero, since they will be powered by green electricity. In addition to being comfortable and convenient, these rail links Reduce air pollution, Congestion, noise, and Accidents. They also free travelers from the frustrations of traffic congestion and long airport security check lines. The Economist notes, "Europe is in the grip of a high speed rail revolution High speed rail
48. There is a parallel need to develop an electrified national rail freight network that would greatly reduce the need for long-haul trucks. Any meaningful global effort to cut transport co2 emissions begins with the United States, which consumes more gasoline than the next 20 countries combined, including Japan, china, Russia, Germany, and brazil The United States—with 238 million vehicles out of the global 860 million, or roughly 28 percent of the world total—not only has the largest automobile fleet but is near the top in miles driven per car and near the bottom in fuel efficiency Us
49. 1. Is putting the cost of the carbon in the pump price – Phasing in a gasoline tax of 40^ per gallon per year for the next 12 years (for a total rise of $4.80 a gallon) and offsetting it with a reduction in income taxes would raise the U.S. Gasoline tax to the $4-5 per gallon prevailing today in Europe and Japan 2. Is raising the fuel-efficiency standard from the 22 miles per gallon of cars sold in 2006 to 45 miles per gallon by 2020 3. Reaching our CO2 reduction goal depends on a heavy shift of transportation funds from highway construction to urban transit and intercity rail construction Three initiatives are needed in the US
51. A new materials economy. The production, processing, and disposal of material in our modern throwaway economy wastes not only material but energy as well. In nature, one-way linear flows do not survive long. The throwaway economy that has been evolving over the last half-century is an aberration, now itself headed for the junk heap of history.
52. Pioneered in Germany in the early 1990’s Then Schmidt-Bleek, who founded the factor ten institute in France, showed that raising resource productivity even more—by a factor of 10—was well within the reach of existing technology and management, given the right policy incentives In 2002, American architect William McDonough and German chemist Michael Braungart coauthored cradle to cradle: remaking the way we make things. They concluded that waste and pollution are to be avoided entirely. "Pollution," said McDonough, "is a symbol of design failure." Potential for sharply reducing materials use
53. Including the production of plastics, fertilizers, steel, cement, and paper Petrochemical industry, which produces products such as plastics, fertilizers, and detergents, is the biggest consumer of energy in the manufacturing sector, accounting for about 1/3 of worldwide industrial energy use A large part of industry fossil fuel use is for feedstock, to manufacture plastics and other materials, increased recycling can reduce feedstock needs. Worldwide, increasing recycling rates and moving to the most efficient manufacturing systems in use today could reduce energy use in the petrochemical industry by 32 percent Industry is more than 30 percent of world energy consumption
54. Global steel industry 2nd largest consumer of industrial energy Producing over 1.2 billion tons in 2006 Accounting for 19 percent of industrial energy use Energy efficiency measures, such as adopting the most efficient blast furnace systems in use today and The complete recovery of used steel Could reduce energy use in the steel industry by 23 percent.
55. Recycling steel Reducing materials use means recycling steel, the use of which dwarfs that of all other metals combined. Steel use is dominated by three industries— Automobile, household appliances, and construction
56. In the United States, virtually all cars are recycled U.S. Recycling rate for household appliances is estimated at 90 percent. Steel cans it is 60 percent Construction steel it is 97 percent for steel beams and girders Only 65 percent for reinforcement steel The steel discarded each year is enough to meet the needs of the U.S. Automobile industry Steel recycling rates
57. Steel recycling started climbing more than a generation ago with the advent of the electric arc furnace Produces steel from scrap using only one fourth the energy it would take to produce it from virgin ore Now account for half or more of steel production in more than 20 countries If three fourths of steel production were to switch to electric arc furnaces using scrap, energy use in the steel industry could be cut by almost 40 percent Electric arc furnace
58. Turning out 2.3 billion tons in 2006 Accounting for 7 percent of industrial energy use China Close to half of world production Manufactures more cement than the next top 20 countries combined Does so with extraordinary inefficiency With modern technology could reduce its energy consumption for cement production by 45 percent Worldwide, if all cement producers used the most efficient dry kiln process in use today, energy use in the cement industry could drop 42 percent. Cement industry
59. Restructuring transportation impacts material use Improving urban transit means that one 12-ton bus can replace 60 cars weighing 1.5 tons each A total of 90 tons, reducing material use by 87 percent. Every time someone decides to replace a car with a bike, material use is reduced by 99 percent.
60. Virtually all paper products can now be recycled, including cereal boxes, junk mail, and paper bags in addition to newspapers and magazines So too can glass, most plastics, aluminum, and other materials from buildings being torn down Metals such as steel and aluminum can be used and reused indefinitely Advanced economies such as Europe and Japan, can rely primarily on the stock of materials already in the economy rather than using virgin raw materials Recycling uses a fraction of energy vs raw materials
61. Metals such as steel and aluminum can be used and reused indefinitely To encourage recycling adopt a landfill tax. New Hampshire adopted a "pay-as-you-throw" program In one NH town a landfill tax raised the share of garbage recycled from 13 percent in 2005 to 52 percent in 2006 Recycling
62. San José, California Diverting 62 percent of its municipal waste from landfills for reuse and recycling, Now focusing on the large flow of trash from construction and demolition sites One of two dozen specialist recycling firms in the city Skillfully separated into recyclable piles of concrete, scrap metal, wood, and plastics From only about 100,000 tons per year to 500,000 tons of the city's mixed construction and demolition materials By deconstructing a building instead of simply demolishing it, most of the material in it can be reused or recycled, thus dramatically reducing energy use and carbon emissions Recycling
63. 1998 Japan law prohibits discarding household appliances, such as washing machines, TV sets, or air conditioners With consumers bearing the cost of disassembling appliances in the form of a disposal fee to recycling firms, which can come to $60 for a refrigerator or $35 for a washing machine, the pressure to design appliances so they can be more easily and cheaply disassembled is strong. For easy disassembly and recycling
64. Caterpillar has emerged as a leader Recycles some 17 truckloads of diesel engines a day at one plant Disassembled by hand by workers who do not throw away a single component Reassembled with all worn parts repaired Remanufacturing division is racking up $1 billion a year in sales and growing at 15 percent annually Remanufacturing
65. Boeing and Airbus now vying to see who can dismantle them most efficiently First step is to strip the plane of its marketable components, such as engines, landing gear, galley ovens, and hundreds of other items Up to $4 million per jet Final dismantling and recycling of aluminum, copper, plastic, and other materials The goal is to recycle 90 percent of the plane, and perhaps one day 95 percent or more More than 3,000 airliners already put out to pasture, and more coming – an aluminum mine Airliner recycling
66. Computers Becoming obsolete every few years Need to be able to quickly disassemble and recycle them European law requires that manufacturers pay for the collection, disassembly and recycling of toxic materials IT equipment, manufacturers have begun to focus on how to disassemble everything from computers to cell phones
67. Patagonia is now recycling not only the polyester garments it sells but also those that are sold by its competitors. Patagonia estimates that a garment made from recycled polyester, which is indistinguishable from the initial polyester made from petroleum, uses less than one fourth as much energy. Patagonia is beginning to work on nylon garments and plans also to recycle cotton and wool clothing. Recycle clothing
68. Finland, for example, has banned the use of one-way soft drink containers. Canada's prince Edward island has adopted a similar ban on all nonrefillable beverage containers A refillable glass bottle used over and over requires about 10 percent as much energy per use as an aluminum can that is recycled Cleaning, sterilizing, and re-labeling a used bottle Requires little energy compared with recycling cans made from aluminum, Banning nonrefillables is a quintuple win option—cutting material use, carbon emissions, air pollution, water pollution, and garbage flow to landfills Reuse of products
69. Discourage energy-intensive non-essential industries The gold and bottled water industries are prime examples Processing 500 million tons of ore consumes a huge amount of energy—and emits as much CO2 as 5.5 million cars In the United States and Europe there are more standards regulating the quality of tap water than of bottled water For people in developing countries where water is unsafe, it is far cheaper to boil or filter water than to buy it in bottles
70. Nearly 28 billion plastic bottles used to package water in the United States alone Requires 17 million barrels of oil Including the energy for hauling 1 billion bottles of water every two weeks from bottling plants to supermarkets or convenience stores for sale U.S. Bottled water industry consumes roughly 50 million barrels of oil per year Costs 1,000 times as much as the tap water that is already available in city buildings Bottled water
71. Vast opportunity for carbon reduction thru reduced materials use This begins with the major metals—steel, aluminum, and copper Recycling requires only a fraction of the energy It continues with the design of cars, household appliances, and other products so they are easily disassembled into their component parts for reuse or recycling The energy savings potential
73. Put the carbon price in the product price One easy way to achieve these gains is through the imposition of a carbon tax that would help reflect the full cost of burning fossil fuels We recommend increasing the carbon tax by $20 per ton each year over the next 12 years, for a total of $240. It does not come close to covering the indirect costs of burning fossil fuels