This document discusses different types of sensors. It describes a thermo couple sensor that is used in light switches to detect changes in temperature. It explains how to insert a thermo couple sensor into a light switch in 7 steps. It also discusses infrared sensors that are used in automatic lights and water taps in houses and hotels. Finally, it describes photoelectric sensors, how they work to detect objects using a light transmitter and receiver, and their applications in industrial manufacturing.

1. SENSORS
BY G . SUNOMI
2ND M.SC PHYSICS

2. ABSTRACT:-
 What is a sensor?
 About sensors
 Thermo couple sensor and its applications
 How to insert a sensor in a switch?
 I.R sensors
 Use of I.R sensor

3. WHAT IS A SENSOR:-
 A sensor (also called detector) is a converter that
measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal
which can be read by an observer or by an (today
mostly electronic) instrument.
 For example, a mercury-in-glass thermometer converts
the measured temperature into expansion and contraction
of a liquid which can be read on a calibrated glass tube.
A thermocouple converts temperature to an output
voltage which can be read by a voltmeter. For accuracy,
most sensors are calibrated against knownstandards.

4.  Sensors are used in everyday objects such as
touch-sensitive elevator buttons (tactile sensor)
and lamps which dim or brighten by touching
the base.
 There are also innumerable applications for
sensors of which most people are never aware.
Applications include cars, machines, aerospace,
medicine, manufacturing and robotics.
 There are no. of sensors

5. THERMO COUPLE SENSOR :-

6. THE THERMO COUPLE SENSOR IS USED IN LIGHT
SWITCH SENSORS
 Step:-1
 turn the power off at the circuit breaker.
 As an extra precaution, place a "Do Not Touch!" sign on
the outside of the circuit box so that someone else
doesn't unwittingly restore power to the circuit while you
are working.
 Identify the circuits to the switch you will be replacing
and turn off the power at the circuit breaker.

7. STEP:-1

8. STEP:-2 TEST THE WIRES AND REMOVE THE SWITCH
Remove the wall-plate from the existing switch, and
test the wires using a circuit tester -- such as the audible-alarm tester
used in our demonstration -- to be absolutely sure there is no power
flowing to the wires you'll be removing

9. STEP:-3 CUT THE wires
The old switch has three wires connected at the back:
a black wire, a white wire and a bare ground. the black and white
wires will be connected to the new motion-sensor switch, but the
ground will not be used.
cut the wires at the back of the old switch.

10. STEP 4: STRIP THE BLACK AND WHITE WIRES

11. STEP 5: CONNECT THE WIRES TO THE NEW
SWITCH

12. STEP 6: TUCK WIRES INTO THE BOX, AND
SECURE THE SWITCH

13. STEP 7: CUSTOMIZE THE CONTROLS, AND
REINSTALL THE WALL-PLATE

14. INFRARED SENSOR:- THESE ARE USED IN HOUSES AND
IN HOTELS AT AUTOMATIC LIGHTS AND WATER TAPS

15. THESE I.R SENSORS ARE USED IN TAPS

17. PHOTOELECTRIC SENSOR
A photoelectric sensor, or photo eye, is a device used to
detect the distance, absence, or presence of an object by
using a light transmitter, often infrared, and a
photoelectric receiver. They are used extensively in
industrial manufacturing.

18. PHOTOELECTRIC SENSOR
The photoelectric sensor can be classified as four types according
to approach detect below.
- Receiver and Transmitter separately design.
- Have the Retro-reflective design
- Diffuse-reflective design.
- Limited Reflective or Distance Settable design.

19. PHOTOELECTRIC SENSOR
Can be compare to different of photoelectric sensor each types at detection
below.
- Receiver and Transmitter separately design can be detected long distance
when compare with other types.
- In section of Retro-reflective design, Diffuse-reflective design , and Distance
Settable design will detected in distance not over two meter.
So, conclusion different of photoelectric sensor that using to work.

20. PHOTOELECTRIC SENSOR
Photoelectric sensor work, transmitter to the receiver or
reflector , object. And when the object move through-beam the
beam will is interrupted. And then the output signal order to
operate the controls, then the CPU will run according to
commands written on the CPU.

21. PHOTOELECTRIC SENSOR
So, conclusion the photoelectric sensor to use depends on the
area of installation or nature of work and the appropriate of
work. Such as detect the object on the conveyor, using count
the car that enter the park in the parking lot or may be using
measurement distance of the object.