This document appears to be a technical seminar presentation on Internet of Things (IoT) given by Charan S, a student in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Acharya Institute of Technology. The presentation covers topics such as the definition of IoT, its architecture including sensor, network and application layers, enabling technologies like RFID and sensors, applications in various domains like smart homes and agriculture, challenges faced by IoT including security, connectivity and big data, and potential solutions to address these challenges. It includes references to research papers and websites for further information.

1. DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Acharya Dr.Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan Road, Bangalore-560 107
VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
BELAGAVI
A TECHNICAL SEMINAR ON:
Under the guidance of :
Prof. VIJAY R B
(DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, AIT)
Prepared by:
Mr. CHARAN S (USN -1AY17ME406)
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, AIT

2. CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. ARCHITECTURE OF IOT
3. SCOPE OF IOT
4. ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES
5. APPLICATIONS
6. CHALLENGES FACED BY IOT
7. SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEM
8. CONCLUSION
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

3. WHAT?
WHY ?
WHICH
?
HOW ?
1.
2.
3. 4.

4. *1.1 WHAT IS IOT ?

5. • IOT or Internet of Things is primarily a full system of all the
interconnected computing devices, having all the mechanical and
digital machines. When the objects or the living beings have the
UIDs or the Unique Identification, IoT and IoT application can
transfer the data automatically without including the human to
human interaction and human to computer interaction
• In simple words, Internet of Things (IoT) is an ecosystem
of connected physical objects that are accessible through
the internet.
• It is also referred to as Machine-to-Machine (M2M), Skynet or
Internet of Everything.
Internet of Things (IoT]

6. *1.2. WHICH ALLARE THE
COMPONENTS OF IOT ?
SENSORS
CONNECTIVITY
PEOPLE &
PROCESS
IOT

7. • Improves the resource utilization ratio.
• Integrating human society and physical systems.
• Flexible configuration.
• Acts as technology integrator
• Universal inter-networking
• Dynamic control of industry and daily life.
*1.3. WHY IOT ?

8. *1.4. HOW CAN IOT HELP ?
• IOT platforms can help organizations reduce cost
through improved process efficiency, asset
utilization and productivity.
• The growth and convergence of data, processes and
things on the internet would make such connections
more relevant and important, creating more
opportunities for people, businesses and industries.
• IoT is beneficial because it makes our work easy
and is very less time-consuming. Lets, take in to
account the smartphones we use, has made our
lives so easy and our a lot of work can be done in
just fingertips.

10. *2.1 Sensor Layer:
o These are the small, memory-constrained,
often battery-operated electronics devices
with on board sensors and actuators.
o These could either function as standalone
sensing devices or be embedded as part of a
bigger machinery for sensing and control
o Three main capabilities of a typical IOT device are:
1. Being able to sense and record data
2. Being able to perform light computing and finally
3. Being able to connect to a network and
communicate

11. *2.2 Gateway/Network Layer:
• The various IOT devices of layer need to be
connected to the internet via a more
powerful computing device called the IOT
gateway
• It primarily acts like a networking device. So,
similar to how a Wi-Fi router helps us connect
many laptops, phones and tablets to the
internet
• The IOT gateway transfers data from
numerous sensing devices and relays it to the
upper layer.

12. *2.3 Management Service Layer:
• All the sensor data relayed by IOT
gateways is stored on Management
layer servers. These servers accept,
store and process data for analysis and
decision making
• This layer also enables to create live
dashboards which decision makers can
monitor and take data driven decisions

13. *2.4 Application Layer:
• The collected raw data is converted
into actionable business insights,
which can help improve business
operations, efficiency or even
predict future events like machine
failure.
• This layer employs different data
science and analytics techniques
including machine learning
algorithms to sense the data and it
enables corrective action.

15. Internet of Things can connect
devices situated in various systems
to the internet.
When devices/objects can represent
themselves digitally, they can be
controlled from anywhere.
The connectivity then helps us
capture more data from more places,
ensuring more ways of increasing
efficiency

17. *4.1 Radio-frequency
identification(RFID):
• (RFID) is the wireless use of electromagnetic
fields to transfer data, for the purposes of
automatically identifying and tracking tags
attached to objects
• Unlike a barcode, the tag does not
necessarily need to be within line of sight of
the reader and may be embedded in the
tracked object. RFID is one method for
Automatic Identification and Data Capture
(AIDC).

18. *4.2 Sensors :
• Many IoT devices have sensors that can
register changes in temperature, light,
pressure, sound and motion. They are your
eyes and ears to what's going on the world
• These sensors are part of a device category
called a microelectromechanical system
(MEMS) and are manufactured in much the
same way microprocessors are
manufactured, through a lithography
process
• It can also be paired with microprocessor
and will likely be attached to a wireless
radio for communications

20. APPLICATIONS
1. SMART HOMES • Smart Home is certainly the most popular IoT
driven facility
• It has been counted as the most searched IoT
application on the internet and is seamlessly
catching pace to break into significant value-
defining trend
2. WEARABLES • Wearables are certainly the fastest growing
offerings of IoT. Big brands like Google, Apple
and Samsung are making the most of segments
like fitness, health, entertainment, and GPS
tracking.
3. CONNECTED CARS • The automotive digital technology is on a rise as
auto engineers are ardently looking to go with
IoT to make vehicles function optimally and
effusively. The earlier efforts were more towards
making vehicles more efficient in terms of
performance but now with the evolved IoT
possibilities it’s more about the in-car experience.

21. APPLICATIONS
4. SMART RETAIL • With Smart Retail, your retail venture combines with latest
internet technology to detect and define marker trends
and user interests. So that you are able to serve your
customers better, refining your business value proposition
to suit user preferences and allowing them better
buying experience
5. IOT IN HEALTH
CARE
• Healthcare combines with IoT to reveal great functional
choices and quality enhancement not just in terms of
service efficiency but also as clinical possibilities and
assurance. This not only allows great benefits to the
companies but also to the people consuming health
services.
6. IOT IN
AGRICULTURE
• It is possible by equipping the agronomic processes with
advanced internet supported resources and going with
smart farming. IoT in agriculture helps farmers and food
production agencies to fetch and compute significant data
and derive significant insights to yield better. IoT-enabled
agricultural system allows to sense and read soil moisture
levels, nutrients, weather conditions, fertility rate and
other factors that prove crucial in taking important
decisions for better production.

23. CHALLENGES EXPLANATION
1. SECURITY • Devices connected to the internet will be vulnerable to
attack
• The challenges are how to create and deliver specific
security objectives for privacy, safety and reliability to
business stakeholders
2. AWARENESS • Although IoT provides great potential in helping people
in many aspects of their life. it is still getting less
attention from community
• Not many consumers know what IoT means
3. CONNECTIVITY • The increase of connected IoT device takes a huge toll
on the existing internet infrastructure and comes with
challenges on connectivity
4. BIG DATA • Sensors from many devices simultaneously and
continuously generate huge amount of data, referred as
Big Data. IoT will be dealing with large volume and
different varieties of data that causes significant
challenges

25. • Overcoming connectivity issues is a significant IoT hurdle, but
emerging companies are starting to enable increased
interoperability through open-source development.
• Governments and industry bodies need to set standards and
regulations for the various industries to ensure that data is not
misused.
• IoT needs strong authentication methods, encrypted data and a
platform that can track irregularities on a network.
Several solutions are proposed to overcome the
problems. Some of them are –

26. The potential economic impact of IoT is huge, but
the journey to IoT adoption is not a seamless one.
There are many challenges that face companies
looking to implement IoT solutions. However, the
risks and disadvantages associated with IoT can be
overcome.

27. *
1. J. A. Stankovic, "Research directions for the Internet of
Things", IEEE Internet Things J., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 3-9,
Feb. 2014.
2. Overview of IoT, Jun. 2012
3. T. Liu, D. Lu, "The application and development of
IoT", Proc. Int. Symp. Inf. Technol. Med. Educ. (ITME),
vol. 2, pp. 991-994, 2012.
4. https://www.nebula.co.za/2016/11/11/risks-disadvantages-
iot-overcome/
5. https://www.internetsociety.org/resources/doc/2015/iot-
overview
6. https://www.sap.com/india/solution/internet-of-things.html

28. BY:
CHARAN S (1AY17ME406)
8th ‘B’ , DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING