The document discusses various inorganic and organic pigments used in paints and coatings. It describes the chemical composition, synthesis, properties and applications of different classes of pigments including lead chromates, cadmium yellow, yellow oxides, bismuth vanadate, azo pigments, polycyclic pigments, anthraquinone pigments and others. Key pigments discussed are lead chromate, cadmium yellow, diarylide pigments, quinacridone, and metal complex pigments. The document provides information on properties like light fastness, opacity, and heat stability for selecting the right pigment.

1. 

3. Inorganic pigments
 Lead chromates
 Cadmium yellow
 Yellow oxide
 Bismuth vanadate

4.  Lead chromate
 Pbcro4/pbso4
 Pigment yellow 34
 Primrose Chrome
 Pale greenish yellow
 45% and 55% lead sulphate
 Ortho rhombic structure
 Lemon Chrome:
 Greenish yellow but redder than primrose
 Contain 20% to 40% of lead sulphate (where sulphate is more
intense green shade)
 Monoclinic structure.

5. Orange chrome
 Chemically lead chromate and contains no sulphate.
 Tetragonal crystal structure.
 Properties :
 Opacity – Excellent
 OA - Low
 SR – Excellent
 Heat Stability – 200C
 Toxicity – High

6. Cadmium yellow or pigment yellow 37
 Cds – Cadmium yellow sulphide
 Highly toxic. Heat Stability is 500c
YELLOW OXIDES :
 Pigment yellow 42& 43 ; FeO(OH)
 Naturally occurred as limonite
 Acicular dimension.
 Heat stability up to 150c.

7. Bismuth Vanadate BiVO
 Pigment yellow 184
 Bright yellow pigments, greenish shade
 Toxicity
Aryl amide : (Discovered in 20 th century)
 Pigment yellow 1,3 ,65, 73.
 Yellow 10G .More greener
 Mostly used in water based decorative paints.

8. Organic Pigments
1. Azo Pigments
2. Polycylic Pigments
3. Anthraquinone Pigments
4. Dioxazine Pigments
5. Tri Aryl Carbonium Pigments
6. Quinophthalone Pigments

9. Azo Pigments
a) Mono azo
b) Disazo
c) Beta Naphthol
d) Naphthol AS Pigments
e) AzolakePigments
f) Benzimidazolone
g) Metal complex pigments
h) Isoindolinone
i) Isoindoline
j) Diazo condensation

10. Polycyclic pigments
a) Phthalocyanine
b) Quinacridone
c) Diketo Pyrrolo-pyrrole
d) Perylene-Perinone
e) Thioindigo
Anthraquinone
a) Anthrapyrimdine
b) Anthrathrone
c) Flavanthrone
d) Pyranthrone

11. Organic yellow pigments
Aryl amides
Di arylide
Isoindolinone
Isoindoline
Quinophthalone
Anthrapyrimidine
Flavanthrone

12. Diarylide pigments
 Most important Organic pigments
 Pigment yellow 11,12,13,14
 Known as benzidine yellow
 Properties;
 LF--- Poor
 CR --- good
 Particle size – larger.
 Replacement of Middle chrome.
 Opacity is high.

13. Isoindoline yellow Pigments pigment yellow 110
 Mainly used in Plastics or high quality Paints
 Chemically related to Azomethine types.

14. Quinophthalone Pigments:
 Chrome replacement in high quality finishes
 Opaque ,reddish yellow shade.
 Anthra pyrimidine: pigment yellow 108
 High expensive due to its complex nature.

15. Diazo condensation Pigments
 Pigment yellow 93,94,95,128,166
 High expensive
 Mainly used in Plastics

16. Benzimidazolone
 Pigment yellow 120, 151, 154,
 Monoazo in structure
 Shades from greener yellow to Orange.
 Higher particle Size, better in light fastness
 Structure

17. Organo metal complexes
 Pigment yellow 129,153 and pigment orange 65 ,68
 Possess a metal group such as Nickel ,Cobalt(II) or Copper.
 Centre molecule as in Azomethine group.
 Structure

18. PROPERTIES MONOAZO PIGMENTS DISAZO PIGMENTS
Synthesis
Coupling with Diazonium salt+ Acetoacetic
arylides
Coupling with Diazonium salt+Di and
Tetra substituted Di amino phenyl+
Acetoacetic arylides (or) Pyrazolones
Nature of Shade
Greenish to yellow
very greenish yellow to reddish yellow
Ornage to Red
Light Fastness Good Poor
Solvent Migration
Poor better than Monoazo pigments
Weather fastness
Moderate Moderate
Application
Alkyd & Emulsion Systems Printing &Plastic industries
AZO PIGMENTS

19. PROPERTIES β Naphthol Naphthol As Pigments
Synthesis
Coupling with beta naphthol resulting Toluidine red
or Dinitroaniline.
Coupling with Substituted aryl
Diazonium salt+Arylides of 2-hydroxy
naphthonic acid
Nature of Shade
Orange to medium red
yellowish and medium red todaramine,
brown and Violet.
Light Fastness Good Poor
Solvent Migration
Comparable to Monoazo pigments. Moderate
Weather fastness Moderate Moderate
Application Coating industry Printing inks& Paints

20. PROPERTIES Azo Pigment Lakes
Synthesis
Formed by precipitating a monoazo
compound contains sulfu rand carboxy
groups.Coupling components may be vary
Synthesis BONA-2-hydroxy 3-naphthoic acid
Nature of Shade
Medium red to bluish red
Application
Plastics -major. Ink & Paints also.

21. PROPERTIES Benzimidazolone Pigments
Synthesis
Obtained by coupling on to 5-acetoacetyl amino
benzimidazolone
Nature of Shade greenish yellow to Orange.
Synthesis
5,2-hydroxy 3naphthoylamino benzimidazolone as
coupling component affords
Nature of Shade Medium red to caramine, maroon,and brown
shades.
Light fastness Excellent
Solvent resistance Excellent
Application Mostly used in Automotive finishes.

22. PROPERTIES Disazo Condensation
Synthesis
Condensation of twocarboxylic monoazo
components with one aromatic diamine.
Nature of Shade greenish yellow to Orange.
bluish red tobrown
Light fastness Excellent
Solvent resistance Excellent
Migration good
Application Plastic industries and Spin dyeing.

23. PROPERTIES Metal Complex Pigments
Synthesis
N=N replaced by the analogues -CH=N moiety to
form Azomethine complex pigment
Nature of Shade Yellow
Light fastness Good
Solvent resistance Good
weather fastness good
Application Automotive and other industrial

24. PROPERTIES Isoindolinone and Isoindoline Pigments
Synthesis Chemically classified heterocyclic azomethine
Nature of Shade shades from greenish to ReddishYellow
Light fastness Good
Solvent resistance Good
Migration good
Application Isoindolinone supplied to plastics & high
gradecoating

25. Synthesis
Condensation of twocarboxylic monoazo
components with one aromatic diamine.
Nature of Shade greenish yellow to Orange.
bluish red tobrown
Light fastness Excellent
Solvent resistance Excellent
Migration good
Application Plastic industries and Spin dyeing.
POLYCYCLIC PIGMENTS
Condensed with aromatic or heterocyclic ring systems

26. PROPERTIES Quinacridone pigments
Synthesis Structure is linear systemoffive anellated rings
Nature ofShade Reddishviolet beta & Red gamma crystalmodification
Light fastness Good
Solvent resistance Good
Migration good
Application Coatings industryand Inks

27. PROPERTIES Perylene andperinone Diketo pyrrolo-pyrole (DPP) Thioindigo
Synthesis
Dianhydride and diimide of perylene
tetracarboxylic acid along with derivatives of
diimide.
Perinone derived from napthalene tetra carboxylic
two annelated five membered
rings each of contains
carbonamide moietyin the
ring.
4,4',7,7' tetra chloro thioindigo
Nature of Shade
Reddish violet shade
Light Fastness Good
Solvent
Migration
Good
Migration Good
Application