The document discusses piezoelectricity and various applications of piezoelectric materials and devices. It covers piezoelectric sensors, actuators, motors, and transformers. Piezoelectric sensors convert mechanical energy into electrical signals and are used where high temperatures, pressures, or dynamic measurements are required. Piezoelectric actuators and motors convert electrical signals into precise mechanical motion or displacement using the inverse piezoelectric effect. Piezoelectric transformers perform electromechanical energy conversion without magnetic fields to efficiently transfer power for electronics. Applications include optics, medical devices, flow control and more.

1. PIEZOELECTRIC
CURRENT
SUBMITTED BY:
M SAQLAIN (2017-CH-271)
SARMAD ALI (2017-CH-235)
FAIZAN AHMAD (2017-CH-277)
ALI AHMAD (2017-CH-263)

2. INTRODUCTION TO
PIZEOELECTRCITY
BY M SAQLAIN

3. PIZEOELECTRIC CURRENT
Piezo electric current
The type of current which is generated by applying a
stress on specific materials know as piezoelectric
current
Piezeoelectric effect
The ability of material to generate an electric charge in
response to apply mechanical stress

4. TYPES OF PIEZOELECTRIC EFFECT
• Direct piezoelectric effect
The type of effect in which elecetricv charge
develop as a result of mechanical stress
• Converse piezoelectric effect
The type of effect in which mechanical stress
develop as a result of applying electric field

5. DIAGARAME

6. PIOEZOELECTRIC MATERIAL;
The type of material which has an ability to produce an
electric current on applying mechanical stre4ss
Example
• Quartz
• sucrose

7. PIEZOELECTRIC MOTOR
• It is a type of electric motor
that produce motion either
linear or rotational based on
the change in shape of a
piezoelectric material when an
electric field is applied known
as piezo motor

8. WORKING PRINCIPLE
• The working
principle piezo
electric motor
depend on
converse piezo
electric effect

9. OBJECTIVE
•To convert mechanical energy into
electrical energy
•To get more precise value
•To increase efficiency of motor in
industry

10. APPLICATIION
It is used in production and detection of sound
It is used in generation of electronic frequency
It is used in generation of high voltage
it is used in medical engineering
It is used in flow control application

11. ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE
ADVANTAGE
• They require very small size for
producing very high torque
• Fast response time
• High resolution
• They are flexible
DISADVANTAHE
• Its life time is short
• It is handmade so it is difficult to
control
• Its production is not on large scale
• expensive

12. CASE STUDY
• Industries used electric or DC motors for optical system but there is a problem of
movement and adjustment in optical system for small changes and errors and
defects are present. And also the problem of focus zoom and change of view.

13. CASE STUDY
• Fast response time, compact size, and self-locking at the rest position make
piezoelectric motors suitable candidates for focusing, zooming, and optical image
stabilization in cameras.
• Many camera manufacturers have piezoelectric motor solutions especially inertia-
and resonant-drive types for lens moving mechanisms
• These all problem can be solve by using piezoelectric motor instead of DC motor.

14. PIEZOELECTRIC
ACTUATORS
BY: SARMAD ALI

15. •Actuators:
An actuator is a component of a machine that is responsible for moving
and controlling a mechanism or system, for example by opening a valve.
• An actuator requires a control signal and a source of energy.

16. OBJECTIVE
•To convert an Electric signal into a Precisely
controlled displacement

17. CHARACTERISTICS
• Unlimited Resolution
• High Force Generation
• No wear and tear
• Low energy Consumption
• No magnetic fields
• Rapid Response

18. WORKING PRINCIPLE
• Piezoelectric Effect
When stress is applied on the quartz crystals then an
electric charge is produced
• The Piezo actuators work on reverse piezoelectric effect. It uses the electric
charge to create mechanical displacement or deformation
• The electrical field generates a torque over the electrical dipoles found in the
structure of the material, which will be aligned along the field, producing in turn
a change in the length of monocrystalline partitions.

19. TYPES
• Stack Actuators
Piezo stack actuators offer low stroke and a high blocking force. Based upon
the user’s requirements stack actuators can be either discrete or co-fired. Discrete stacks (high-
voltage stack actuators) are composite structures made by stacking separately finished piezoelectric
ceramic discs or rings and metal electrode foils with an adhesive. Operating voltages ranging from 500
V thru 1,000 V are typical.

20. • Stripe Actuators
A Stripe actuator, also called a bending actuator, is
designed to produce a relatively large mechanical deflection in response to an
electrical signal. This deflection offers a large stroke and a very limited blocking
force when compared to a stack actuator.

21. APPLICATIONS
• In precision knitting machines
• For auto focusing mechanism in microphone-equipped video cameras and
mobile phones
• they are used in cryogenic and vacuum environments

22. CASE STUDY

24. SOLUTION
• This was achieved by encapsulating the raw piezoelectric ceramic
actuators between layers of flexible circuits, enabling
• An hermetical seal around the wafers - eliminating the moisture issue
• An electrical connection to the wafers - eliminating the need for solder
• The design to include features to ease mechanical integration
• Flat & flexible circuits - making sealing easy and repeatable

25. PIEZOELECTRIC
TRANSFORMERS
2017-CH-277

26. OBJECTIVES:
• To convert mechanical pressure into electrical
energy
• To reduce the cost of production of electrical
energy
• To produce reliable method of production
• improve the performance of power electronic
PCBAs

27. INTRODUCTION:
• Piezoelectric transformers, are basically energy converters.
• A magnetic transformer operates by converting electrical input to magnetic energy and
then reconverting that magnetic energy back to electrical output.
• This mechanical conversion is achieved by a standing wave vibrating at a frequency
equal to a multiple of the mechanical resonance frequency of the transformer body,
which is typically in the range of 50 to 150 kHz.

28. WORKING PRINCIPLE:
• The operational principle is that the primary element or section of the
transformer is excited by an electrical AC voltage, which induces a deformation
of the joined structure.
• The deformation of the secondary element or section will generate a charge
displacement and an electrical output voltage.
• And through the PT design (structure, section size, layer thickness), a desired
voltage conversion can be achieved, matching a specific load and application.

30. ADVANTAGES:
• Electromechanical energy conversion
• No magnetic field generation, as well as
immunity to magnetic fields.
• Low EMI prole, due to the nature of
resonance converter and soft switching
• Potential high efficiency and power
density.
DISADVANTAGES:
• Best suited for constant resistive AC loads.
• Mechanical mounting of PT, without
restricting the free mechanical movement.
• Low thermal conductivity of ceramics,
limiting heat dissipation.
• Limited current carrying capacity, due to
thin electrodes.

31. CASE STUDY

32. SOLUTION:
• PTS can be used to improve the performance of power electronic
PCBAs(Printed circuit board) deployed in industrial systems and environments.
• At Tempo Automation, the industry leader in high-quality, fast PCBA prototyping
and low-volume production, it can accommodate piezoelectric transformers
and other power electronics technology for industrial PCBAs.

33. PIEZOELECTRIC
SENSOR
2017CH263

34. PIEZOELECTRIC SENSOR:
• A piezoelectric sensor is a device that uses
the piezoelectric effect to measure changes in pressure,
acceleration, temperature, strain, or force by converting
them to an electrical charge.

35. WORKING
PRINCIPLE
 When a force is applied to a
piezoelectric material, an electric
charge is generated across the faces of
the crystal. This can be measured as a
voltage proportional to the pressure.
 There is also an inverse piezoelectric
effect where applying a voltage to the
material will cause it to change shape.

36. CHARACTERISTICS:
Piezoelectric sensors are not normally suitable for measuring static
pressure. The output signal will gradually drop to zero, even in the
presence of constant pressure. They are, however, sensitive to
dynamic changes in pressure across a wide range of frequencies
and pressures.
This dynamic sensitivity means they are good at measuring small
changes in pressure, even in a very high-pressure environment.

37. APPLICATIONS:
Used in a wide range of industrial and aerospace applications where
they’ll be exposed to high temperatures and pressures.
They are often used for measuring dynamic pressure, for example in
turbulence, blast, and engine combustion.
Their sensitivity and low power consumption also makes them useful for
some medical applications. For example, a thin-film plastic sensor can be
attached to the skin and used for real-time monitoring of the arterial pulse.

38. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
One of the main advantages of piezoelectric pressure sensors is their
ruggedness. This makes them suitable for use in a variety of harsh
environments.
Apart from the associated electronics, piezoelectric sensors can be used
at high temperatures. Some materials will work at up to 1,000ºC.
Piezoelectric sensors can be easily made using inexpensive materials
The output signal is generated by the piezoelectric element itself, so they
are inherently low-power devices.
If we use the high temperature, it may get affected.

39. CASE STUDY:
• THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC is USA Based Bio-Technology and
Healthcare Company. In early 2000s they recognized that they need better
shock alarm system, The current old technology that was too slow.

40. SOLUTION
• A piezoelectric crystal is placed between two metal plates
which are normally in a perfect balance (even if they’re not
symmetrically arranged) and does not conduct any electric
current.
• Mechanical stress or force are applied on the material by the
metal plates, which forces the electric charges within the
crystal out of balance.

41. REFERENCES
 Holler, F. James; Skoog, Douglas A. & Crouch, Stanley R. (2007). Principles of Instrumental Analysis (6th ed.).
Cengage Learning. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-495-01201-6.
 ^ Harper, Douglas. "piezoelectric". Online Etymology Dictionary.
 ^ πιέζειν, ἤλεκτρον. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexiconat the Perseus Project.
 ^ Jump up to:a b Manbachi, A. & Cobbold, R.S.C. (2011). "Development and Application of Piezoelectric
Materials for Ultrasound Generation and Detection". Ultrasound. 19 (4): 187–
96. doi:10.1258/ult.2011.011027. S2CID 56655834.
 ^ Gautschi, G. (2002). Piezoelectric Sensorics: Force, Strain, Pressure, Acceleration and Acoustic Emission
Sensors, Materials and Amplifiers. Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-04732-3. ISBN 978-3-662-04732-3.
 ^ Krautkrämer, J. & Krautkrämer, H. (1990). Ultrasonic Testing of Materials. Springer. pp. 119–149. ISBN 978-3-
662-10680-8.