Cape Hatteras the Confluence of the South & Mid Atlantic Bight Provinces and the Appalachians & the Gulf Stream
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Cape Hatteras is a confluence zone where different water masses and air masses meet, creating complex air-sea interactions and conditions favorable for explosive cyclogenesis. Powerful winter storms that form here, called Nor'easters, transport heat northward while dropping heavy precipitation. These storms impact sediment and species transport, with implications for barrier island migration and fisheries populations in the region. Statistical analysis shows relationships between storm frequency, hydrologic and atmospheric conditions at Cape Hatteras and the abundance of certain fish clusters.
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Website: gilroyeca.blogspot.com
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Sea levels are rising due to global warming caused by human activities like burning fossil fuels. This is occurring through two main processes: 1) the oceans are warming and expanding as they absorb more heat, and 2) land ice such as glaciers and ice sheets are melting and adding water to the oceans. If warming continues on its current trajectory, sea levels could rise several more meters by 2100, significantly flooding many coastal cities and populations. This will have devastating environmental, economic, and social impacts around the world, especially in highly vulnerable areas like South Florida, Bangladesh, and small island nations.
Ocean properties
This document provides information on various topics related to oceanography. It discusses features of the ocean floor like the continental shelf and slope. It also covers properties of water such as its incompressibility and transparency to sound. Additionally, it summarizes the dissolved salts in seawater, how fresh water density varies with temperature, and temperature variations in the ocean. Further topics include salinity, density, freezing points, energy spectrums, sound speed, and ocean circulation forces like winds, Coriolis effect, and Ekman transport. The document also briefly outlines surface currents, deep water currents, upwelling and downwelling, and interactions between surface and deep sea currents.
Global Warming
Global warming is causing various hazards around the world. These include increased droughts, wildfires, hurricanes, sea level rise, glacier retreat, and permafrost degradation. As temperatures rise, precipitation patterns are changing which impacts stream runoff, snowpack levels, and increases the risk of dust bowl conditions. Warmer ocean temperatures can fuel more intense hurricanes, while melting ice sheets contribute to accelerated sea level rise threatening coastal and low-lying areas with greater erosion and subsidence. Multiple climate change impacts may interact in vulnerable regions like coral reefs and coastal wetlands.
Current slideshow
This document discusses ocean circulation patterns driven by temperature and salinity differences. It explains that surface waters are well-mixed to 100m depth, below which density changes rapidly due to temperature decreases. Latitude also affects density, with warmer, lower salinity water at the equator being less dense than cooler, higher salinity water at 30 and 60 degrees latitude. Thermohaline circulation refers to global-scale density-driven vertical circulation controlled by temperature and salinity. Gyres are large circular ocean currents driven by winds and the Coriolis effect. Different ocean basins have varying circulation patterns influenced by factors like incoming rivers and surrounding land masses.
Physical Oceanography & Coastal Shoreline 2011
The document summarizes various topics in physical oceanography and coastal shoreline science. It discusses tides and how the gravitational pull of the moon and sun cause the rise and fall of ocean waters. It also describes ocean waves, density and temperature variations in ocean water layers, ocean currents like the Coriolis effect and global circulation patterns. Finally, it briefly touches on coastal features like beaches, estuaries, and how human structures can disrupt sediment transport.
Earth dynamic system
The document discusses key concepts in earth system dynamics including:
1. It describes the solid earth system, plate tectonics, and various earth cycles like the hydrologic and tectonic cycles.
2. It explains the interaction between different subsystems that make up the biosphere and earth system like the lithosphere, atmosphere, biosphere and hydrosphere.
3. It provides examples of different depositional environmental subsystems and phenomena like El Nino and La Nina that impact atmospheric and oceanic circulation.
South biscay gales
Abstract
South Biscay coastally trapped disturbances known as gales (galernas, enbatak, galarrenak, bruilartak) are adverse phenomena that send along the Cantabrian and Basque Coast a narrow jet of sudden and violent gusts of wind that do not follow a hydrostatic balance parameterization, being faster, stronger and of a Western-North-Westerly component, and accelerate as they rush Eastward enduring their speed and intensity. These gales run the coast line from West to East strengthening in Eastern Cantabrian Seashore line from May to October.
Cape carib studies
This document discusses several geographical phenomena and their impacts, including plate tectonics, soil erosion, droughts, hurricanes, earthquakes, volcanoes, and coral reefs. It defines plate tectonics and describes the three main types of plate boundaries. It also discusses the causes and processes of soil erosion, as well as methods of soil conservation like terracing and contour plowing. The document examines droughts' social and economic impacts in the Caribbean. Hurricanes are described with a focus on the damage from Hurricane Ivan in Grenada. Earthquakes and volcanoes have caused displacement in the Eastern Caribbean. Coral reefs provide coastal protection but are threatened.
coastal erosion
This document discusses coastal erosion and mechanisms. It defines coastal terminology and describes the various agents that affect coastal erosion, including wind, waves, tides, and currents. It also examines the erosional and depositional landforms created by coastal processes, such as headlands, sea stacks, beaches, and barrier islands. Additionally, it covers the concepts of coastal erosion, longshore drift, and coastal deposition. The effects of coastal erosion are also addressed, as well as the importance of understanding coastal dynamics and implementing mitigation strategies to reduce erosion.
Climate changes in Central Asia (agriculture activity impact)
Climate changes in Central Asia (agriculture activity impact)International Food Policy Research Institute - Development Strategy and Governance Division
"Climate changes in Central Asia (agriculture activity impact)" presented by Andrej Savitski, at Regional Research Conference “Agricultural Transformation and Food Security in Central Asia”, April 8-9, 2014, Bishkek, KyrgyzstanBujak Atlantic Paleogene talk
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Chapter 13 – oceans and beaches
The document summarizes how oceans shape our lives by discussing the distribution of water on Earth, properties of ocean water, ocean motions, shoreline formations, and the barrier islands of North Carolina's Outer Banks. It explains that barrier islands formed due to rising sea levels, a large sand supply, a gently sloping coast, and wave energy. Humans are increasing the rate of barrier island migration through armoring and development, which reduces available sand and increases erosion risks. Ultimately, one cannot have buildings and beaches in the long run due to the dynamic coastal environment.
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Climate changes in Central Asia (agriculture activity impact)
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The Economics and Uncertainty of Offshore Drilling
This document summarizes two reports on the potential economic benefits of offshore drilling in the South Atlantic. It finds that the estimates in the API report are likely overestimates because they are based on outdated high oil price assumptions. The Walden report provides sensitivity analysis showing that estimates of economic impacts and jobs could vary widely depending on uncertain factors like oil prices and estimated oil resources. Compared to the large uncertainty of drilling, the established tourism and fishing industries in the region already provide significant economic value. Overall, the document questions the reliability of optimistic drilling estimates due to uncertainty and changing market conditions.
Impacts of the Oil and Gas Industry on Louisiana
The oil and gas industry in Louisiana has significantly impacted the state's environment and communities. It has contributed to 30% of the state's wetland loss through the construction of navigation and pipeline canals which allow saltwater intrusion. Over 1500 oil spills are reported in Louisiana each year, totaling over 330,000 gallons on average. Major hurricanes have damaged hundreds of pipelines and spilled nearly 11 million gallons of oil. The 2010 BP Deepwater Horizon spill caused long-term damage to dolphins, fish, and deep water corals hundreds of miles away. However, safety recommendations following the spill have not been fully implemented.
An Investigation of Potential Impacts of Our Coasts
The document summarizes the unique attributes and importance of seabird species in the South Atlantic Bight region. It notes the high diversity and abundance of species in this area, which originate from wide areas. It then discusses how the Sargassum alga functions as important habitat for various seabird species like shearwaters, terns, and phalaropes, who feed on fish and zooplankton associated with it. The BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill resulted in immense oil slicks covering much of the eastern Gulf of Mexico, and due to currents, the oil and Sargassum ended up in the same areas, damaging the habitat and stressing the animals residing in the alga through accumulation of oil, sinking
Southeastern US Marine Ecosystems and Hydrocarbon Exploration
This document discusses marine ecosystems and hydrocarbon exploration in the southeastern United States. It notes the high biodiversity in estuaries and coastal waters, as well as the influence of the Gulf Stream on regional oceanography. While nearshore areas are relatively well-studied, knowledge declines rapidly with increasing distance offshore and depth. Important issues include degraded habitat and overfishing. Further research is needed on deep-sea and mesopelagic environments over 200 meters deep to better understand biology, habitats, and connectivity in these poorly known areas.
N.C. Estuarine Dependent Fish and Fisheries
This document summarizes information about estuarine dependent fish and fisheries in North Carolina. It outlines the state's biogeographical advantages for fish and fisheries, including its position between two marine ecosystems and proximity to the Gulf Stream. It also describes important inshore habitats for fish. The document then lists commercially and recreationally important fish species in the state, noting their current status. It provides data on landings, economic value, licenses, and trips for the state's commercial and recreational fishing. In conclusion, it estimates the significant economic impact of both commercial and recreational fishing in North Carolina.
Cahoon
The document discusses several key lessons from past offshore drilling accidents and the need to properly assess risks and impacts for future offshore drilling projects. Specifically:
1) Past accidents have exposed problems with preparation, response plans, and damage claims, highlighting the need for thorough risk assessments, environmental impact statements, and mitigation practices.
2) The South Atlantic Bight ecosystem is different from the Gulf of Mexico and requires well-done assessments and permit conditions to protect the region.
3) States seek revenue sharing programs similar to the Gulf of Mexico Energy Security Act to ensure compensation for potential onshore impacts and to fund coastal restoration. Thorough documentation of environmental assets is needed to establish such programs.
1992 Report of the North Carolina Environmental Sciences Review Panel to the ...
The document summarizes the findings and recommendations of the 1992 North Carolina Environmental Sciences Review Panel (ESRP) regarding the adequacy of available scientific information for offshore drilling in North Carolina waters. The ESRP identified major deficiencies in physical oceanographic, ecological, and socioeconomic data that limited the ability to understand and predict impacts. They recommended additional studies in these areas, especially for sites being considered for leasing, to provide the information needed to properly evaluate drilling proposals and protect the environment.
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About Potato, The scientific name of the plant is Solanum tuberosum (L).
The potato is a starchy root vegetable native to the Americas that is consumed as a staple food in many parts of the world. Potatoes are tubers of the plant Solanum tuberosum, a perennial in the nightshade family Solanaceae. Wild potato species can be found from the southern United States to southern Chile
Synopsis (short abstract) In December 2023, the UN General Assembly proclaimed 30 May as the International Day of Potato.
Opinions on EVs: Metro Atlanta Speaks 2023
Presents in chart form results of questions related to electric vehicles from 2023 Metro Atlanta Speaks survey of the Atlanta Regional Commission
2024: The FAR - Federal Acquisition Regulations, Part 39
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
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Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO)
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二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
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◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
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2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
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https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
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Cape Hatteras the Confluence of the South & Mid Atlantic Bight Provinces and the Appalachians & the Gulf Stream
- 1. Cape Hatteras the Confluence of the South & Mid Atlantic Bight Provinces and the Appalachians & the Gulf Stream On Events and Implications Part I Len Pietrafesa, Shaowu Bao, Tingzhuang Yan, Paul Gayes, Jim Epps
- 2. The “confluence” Is clearly depicted In this AVHRR SST Where 6o C waters Meet 12o to 20o Waters And Cold, Dry Air Masses encounter Warm, Moist Gulf Stream Conditioned Air Masses
- 3. Cape Hatteras has many special properties Like multiple cross shelf fronts And topographic influences, Which induces SB and Slope Upwelling ~ 10-1 cm/sec
- 4. Thus creating a very complex Air-Sea interaction system
- 5. And conditions for “explosive cyclogenesis” => D(D(T))/DXDZ = maximum baroclinicity => an atmospheric “bomb”
- 8. The spawning or further intensification of ETCs left: The New England Blizzard of 2004
- 9. a) Onset of an ETC b) of ~ 100 cm/sec and waves of height (O) 5-10 meters; effecting huge Shear Stresses => bottom resuspension and lateral erosion c) Note MAB waters breeching Diamond Shoals down into Raleigh Bay d) The system relaxes After 7- 8 days
- 10. • So, ETCs carry heat northward… and • drop heavy precipitation …and • are characterized by southward to southwestward , i.e. northeasterly winds…hence the term “Nor’Easters” • which move blue crab juveniles from Chesapeake Bay to the south and into the primary nurseries and settlement areas of Pamlico Sound via Oregon Inlet …and also… • Bottom sediments are picked up by storm induced waves and currents and along with the Chesapeake Bay Plume also enter the Inlets • The sediments follow a track similar to the crabs. The dirt ends up going through Oregon Inlet and being deposited on the backsides of the Outer Bank, barrier island chain. • This process allows these ephemeral strips of sand to migrate west toward the mainland, thus ensuring their future during this period of sea level rise • Estuarine dependent finfish also move across the shelf at the surface and the interior into the Pamlico Sound estuary
- 11. Numbers of ETCs 13 in 1998 and 24 in 2001
- 12. During a low ETC year there is less coastal water in the system than during a high ETC year
- 13. With NE’ ly winds Hydraulic Heads get created Along the axes of the Inlets And water pours into the system
- 17. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 Catchpereffort Cluster 1 Cluster 2 Cluster 3 Cluster 4
- 18. -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 Year Class Y-O-YAbundanceIndex 0 1,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000 4,000,000 5,000,000 6,000,000 7,000,000 AbundanceatAge(#s) Y-O-Y Age 1 Age 2 Variability within age classes. . .
- 19. 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 March Discharge -1.0-0.50.00.51.0 Cluster4Abund 400 600 800 1000 Feb-Mar N-NE Winds -0.50.00.51.0 Cluster4Abund 20 40 60 80 100 120 Feb-Mar E-SE Winds -0.50.00.51.0 Cluster4Abund Cluster 4 vs. Environmental Factors Comments: Steve Ross?