The nucleus is a spherical organelle found in eukaryotic cells that was first discovered by Leeuwenhoek in the 17th century. It ranges from 2-5 micrometers in diameter and accounts for about 10% of the cell's volume. The nucleus contains genetic material in the form of chromosomes and is surrounded by a double membrane with nuclear pores that allow transport into and out of the nucleus. It serves as the control center of the cell by storing hereditary material and producing ribosomes and RNA.

1. The Cell Nucleus
Introduction
Cell is a fundamental component of life containing
different organelles.
Nucleus ―A cell organelle.
It is known as nerve center or control center of cell.

3. Size And Shape
 It is a spherical organelle.
 Accounts 10 of cell’s volume.
 It ranges from 2-5 micron meter in
diameter.

4. Discovery
 It was discovered by A .V Leeuwenhoek for
first time.
 Franz Bauer in 1802 also described it.
 Scottish botanist Robert Brown explained it
in more detail.
 After that it was concluded that it is a
membrane bounded organelle found in
eukaryotic cells.

5. Structure Of Nucleus
 Nuclear membrane.
 Nuclear pores.
 Nuclear lamina.
 Chromosomes.
 Nucleolus.

7. Nuclear membrane
 It is two layered.
 With 10-50nm separation.
 Prevent genetic material.
 Form nuclear pores.

8. Nuclear pores
 Have 100nm diameter.
 Human cell have 3000-4000 nuclear pores.
 Help in nuclear transport.

9. Nuclear lamina.
 Intermediate filaments.
 Mechanical support.
 Lamin protein.

10. Chromosomes
 Genetic material.
 Heterochromatin- highly condensed.
 Euchromatin- less condensed.

11. Nucleolus
 Discrete densely stained structure.
 Synthesize rRNA and assemble ribosomes.
 Disappear when cell divide.

12. Functions of Nucleus
 Storage of hereditary material.
 Storage of proteins and RNA.
 Production of ribosomes.
 Transport of hereditary material to the rest
of cell.
 Prevention.