This was a project for my Bio class Enjoy! :)

1. iNU(CLEUS)
Introducing the….
“Let nucleus do the thinking”
Kelsey Wong P3 10/21/10

2. -The nucleus contains most of the cell’s DNA mostly in the
form of chromatin. The chromatin will organize to form
chromosomes during cell division. The chromosomes
contain a set number of genes. Genes control every single
trait.
- It Directs all activities inside the cell including cell growth,
metabolism, protein synthesis, and reproduction (cell
division).
-The Nucleus is like the brain in a cell. It controls all of the
cell's movements and actions, and even when the cell is
about to die, the nucleus never stops working
-It has instructions for making proteins and other molecules.
Functions of the nucleus

3. Nuclei are located in eukaryotic cells.
They are in most plant and animal
cells.
Is there a nucleus in all types of cells?
AnimalcellPlantcell
Red Blood Cells
Red blood cells (animal cell) do not
have a nucleus. Xylem cells (plant cell)
lose their nuclei as they mature.
Xylem Cells
Prokaryotic cells
(bacteria) do not have
a nucleus.

4. Nucleus Diagrams

5. What is the nuclear envelope?
 The nuclear envelope (membrane) is a double
lipid bilayer which encloses the genetic
material in eukaryotic cells. The nuclear
envelope is made of an outer membrane and
an inner membrane.
 The outer membrane is connected with the
rough endoplasmic reticulum while the inner
nuclear membrane is the main dwelling for
many inner nuclear membrane proteins.
 The outer membrane and inner membrane
enclose a flattened sac and are connected at
the nuclear pores.

6. -The Inner membrane of the nuclear envelope is next to a thin layer
of thin filaments which surrounds the nucleus except at the nuclear
pores. This structure is called the “nuclear lamina”.
-Consists of intermediate filaments, these intermediate filaments are
polymers of lamin.
-Lamin: fibrous proteins providing structural function and for the cell
nucleus.
-The lamins may be involved in the functional organization of the
nucleus.
-They may play a role in assembly and disassembly before and after
mitosis.
What is the “nuclear lamina”?

7. -Nuclear pores are on the membrane of the nucleus of a cell, and they
allow the transport of water-soluble materials through the nuclear
envelope
-There are roughly 2000 pores on one nucleus
-Nuclear pores regulate this traffic to ensure that only some molecules
can enter and exit the nucleus of the cell.
-While small water-soluble molecules can pass freely through the
nuclear pore, larger molecules like proteins and RNAs can only do so
if they possess a sorting signal that the proteins in the nuclear pore
will recognize.
What are the nuclear pores?

8. What does the nuclear envelope do?
-It serves as a
barrier
between the
cell’s
cytoplasm
and the
materials
inside the
nucleus
(DNA).
-Monitors the
substances
leaving and
entering the
nucleus

9. What is Chromatin?-
-Chromatin is a mass of DNA and proteins that condense to form
chromosomes during cell division..
- Holds DNA, so it hold genes and determine the function of cells .
-Chromatin is an essential part of the genetic makeup of eukaryotic
cells; by controlling replication, cell function and storing genetic
information, chromatin is one of the building blocks of a successful
organism.
The basic subunit of chromatin structure. Nucleosomes are visible.
Nuclosomes are visible as beadlike regions along the chromosomes
during meiotic prophase. Each is composed of DNA wound around
a histone protein core, which itself consists of two copies each of
four different types of histones.


10. What is the nucleolus?
-It is composed of the main products of the rRNA
(ribosome ribonucleic acid) genes, as well as their
proteins and enzymes.
-Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is and assembled within the
nucleolus.
-Malfunction of nucleoli can be the cause for several
human diseases.

11. Why should you buy a nucleus?
-The nucleus is the control center/brain of
the cell.
-Without it, your cell wouldn’t be able to
function. The nucleus makes sure
everything is orderly.
-The nucleus holds most of
the DNA of the cell, so it
has all the hereditary
information of the cell.
Basically, it’s like the brain of the cell.

12. How much does the nucleus cost?
For a limited time only, the
nucleus will cost $349.99!
This is the deal of a lifetime,
because the nucleus
includes the nucleolus,
nuclear envelope, nuclear
pores, chromosomes, and
chromatin. It’s like getting
five items for the price of
one!
BUY THREE OR MORE NUCLEI AND EACH ONE WILL COST $329.99!

13. Thank you for
watching!
Any questions?

14. Bibliography
Miller, Kenneth R., and Joseph S. Levine. Prentice Hall Biology. Boston, Massachusetts: Pearson
Prentice Hall, 2007. 169-176. Print.
Sandhyarani, Ningthoujam. "Cell Nucleus: Structure of Functions." Cell Nucleus (2010): n. pag.
Web. 21 Oct 2010. <http://www.buzzle.com/articles/cell-nucleus-structure-and-
functions.html>.
Simmons, Kent. "The Nucleus." Nucleus n. pag. Web. 21 Oct 2010.
<http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/cm1504/nucleus.htm>.
Wilson, Katherine L. "Nucleus-Biology Encyclopedia." Nucleus n. pag. Web. 21 Oct 2010.
<http://www.biologyreference.com/Mo-Nu/Nucleus.htmlinnipeg.ca/cm1504/nucleus.htm>.
"Nucleus-Function." Nucleus n. pag. Web. 21 Oct 2010.
<http://www.ibiblio.org/virtualcell/textbook/chapter3/nucf.htm>.