The document discusses Erwin Schrödinger, an Austrian physicist known for his contributions to quantum mechanics, notably the Schrödinger equation and the concept of wave functions. It explains the implications of the Schrödinger equation in describing quantum states, introduces the thought experiment of Schrödinger's cat, and briefly covers Werner Heisenberg's uncertainty principle and its impact on measurements in quantum mechanics. Lastly, it highlights Maria Goeppert Mayer's contributions to the shell model of the atomic nucleus and nuclear pairing.

1. Wave Function

2. Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander
Schrödinger
Austrian physicist famous for his
contributions to quantum mechanics,
especially the Schrödinger equation
and Philosophy.
Schrödinger entered the University of
Vienna (1906) and obtained his
doctorate (1910), saw military service
in World War I and then went to the
University of Zrich (1921)
Married to Annemarie Bertel
He shared the 1933 Nobel Prize for
Physics with the British physicist P.A.M.
Dirac.
Died on January 4, 1961 at the age of
73 due to tuberculosis August 12, 1887 – January 4, 1961
Vienna, Austria

4. The Schrodinger equation was formulated in 1926
It describes how the quantum state of a physical
system changes in time.
The most complete description that can be given to a
physical system. Solutions to Schrödinger's equation
describe not only molecular, atomic,
and subatomic systems, but also macroscopic systems,
possibly even the whole universe.
It is usually impossible to find an exact
solution to the equation, so certain
assumptions are used in order to obtain
an approximate answer for a particular
problem.

5. WAVE FUNCTION (Ψ)
A probability amplitude describing the quantum state of a
particle and how it behaves.
Its values are complex numbers and, for
a single particle, it is a function of space
and time
The wave function is absolutely central to
quantum mechanics: it makes the subject
what it is. Also; it is the source of the
mysterious consequences and philosophical
difficulties in what quantum mechanics
means in nature, and even how nature itself
behaves at the atomic scale and beyond -
which continue in debate to this day.

6. SCHRODINGER’s CAT

7. A cat, along with a flask containing a poison
and a radioactive source, is placed in a sealed
box. If an internal Geiger counter detects
radiation, the flask is shattered, releasing the
poison that kills the cat. The Copenhagen
interpretation of quantum mechanics implies
that after a while, the cat is simultaneously
alive and dead. Yet, when we look in the box,
we see the cat either alive or dead, not both
alive and dead.

8. Uncertainty Principle

9. Werner Karl Heisenberg
German theoretical physicist who made
foundational contributions to quantum
mechanics and is best known for
asserting the uncertainty
principle of quantum theory.
Studied at University of Munich
In 1923 began working with Max
Born in Gottingen. The following year
he joined Niels Bohr at the Institute of
Theoretical Physics in Copenhagen.
Awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in
1932
Heisenberg married Elisabeth
December 5, 1901- February 1, 1976 Schumacher in 1937 and they had
Wurzburg, Germany seven children. He died in 1976.

10. UNCERTAINTY
PRINCIPLE
“The more precisely the position is determined,
the less precisely the momentum is known in
this instant, and vice versa. ”
-Heisenberg, uncertainty paper, 1927
Neither the position not
the momentum of a
particle can be
determined at the same
time

11. The more accurately you know the position (i.e.,
the smaller Dx is) , the less accurately you know the
momentum (i.e., the larger Dp is); and vice versa

12. Role of an Observer in
Quantum Mechanics
 The observer is not objective and passive
 The act of observation changes the
physical system irrevocably
 This is known as subjective reality

13. Heisenberg realized that ...
 In the world of very small particles, one
cannot measure any property of a particle
without interacting with it in some way
 This introduces an unavoidable
uncertainty into the result
 One can never measure all the
properties exactly

14. Nuclear Pairing; Nuclear shell structure

15. Maria Goeppert Mayer
Studied at University of
Goettingen 1930
She was the first person to
investigate the theoretical basis of
nuclear pairing, which plays an
important role in the shell model
of the atomic nucleus.
She was the first person to
investigate the phenomenon of
double quantum emission and, a
few years later, double beta
decay.
She won the 1963 Nobel Prize in
Physics for their discoveries
1906-1972
concerning nuclear shell structure

16. REFERENCES:
•Freedman, R. et al. (2002). University Physics.
Singapore: Pearson Education Asia Pte.
Ltd.
•http://amods.kaeri.re.kr/mcdf/lectnote.pdf
•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schrodinger_equation
•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7GTCus7KTb0
•http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/21st_century_scienc
e/lectures/lec14.html
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schodinger_equation
•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavefunction
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_did_Heisenberg_u
ncertainty_principle_contribute_to_the_idea_that_e
lectrons_occupy_clouds_or_orbitals
•http://www.physlink.com/education/askexperts/ae6
89.cfm
•www.spaceandmotion.com/ Physics-Erwin-
Schrodinger.htm
•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schrödinger's_cat