Scientists believe heavy elements are formed through stellar nucleosynthesis. This is the process that occurs in the centers of stars where heavier elements are generated. Specifically: - Light elements like hydrogen and helium were formed during the Big Bang, while heavier elements are produced later in stars. - Stars above a certain mass produce carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and heavier elements through nuclear fusion in their cores. - When stars explode in supernovae, they disperse these heavier elements into space, making them available to form new stars, planets, and life.

1. Formation of
Heavy
Elements
Grade 11

2. OBJECTIVES
At the end of this presentation, you are expected to:
● give evidence for and describe the formation of
heavier elements during star formation and
evolution (S11/12PS-IIIb-10).
● explain stellar nucleosynthesis; and
● describe the different stages of life cycle of stars.

3. GAME: PICTURE ZOOM
Instruction: Name the thing shown in the
picture. Pictures are zoomed in at the first
part then continues to zoom out if a TEAM
passes or guessed it wrong. The team may
opt to choose if they will play the round first
or the opposing team will guess first. The
team who gets the highest score wins!

4. TRIAL

9. PICTURE # 1

14. PICTURE # 2

19. PICTURE # 3

25. PICTURE # 4

33. Scientists believe that the formation of the
universe began through the explosion of a
primordial atom which happened 13 billion
years ago.
Right after Big Bang, protons and neutrons
combined together and formed light elements
Hydrogen and Helium in the process of Big
Bang Nucleosynthesis. Other light elements
such as Lithium and Beryllium were also
formed during this process.

34. 1
2 3
A4 A5 A6
B4 B5
B6
B7

38. “Stellar” means star and the formation of
elements in the center of the star is called

41. • All stars produce helium.
• Stars over a certain mass threshold
produce carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and
lots of heavier elements.
• The formation of elements in the center of
the star is called stellar nucleosynthesis.
• Explosion of star or supernova releases
large amount of energy. Because of that,
elements are dispersed into the space.

42. PERFORMANCE TASK 1
Create a diorama of the life cycle of a star and put
labels in different stages.