This document provides an overview of the Physical Pharmaceutics II course. It discusses key topics like colloidal dispersion, rheology, coarse dispersion, micromeritics, and drug stability. The course aims to help students understand physicochemical properties of drugs in designing dosage forms and apply principles of chemical kinetics to stability testing and expiry date determination. It covers various units including colloidal properties, rheology concepts, suspensions and emulsions, particle characterization, and factors influencing drug degradation. The assessment includes internal exams, assignments, and an end semester exam totalling 100 marks. The course equips students with formulation and evaluation skills by exploring physical and physicochemical principles involved in dosage forms.

1. Physical Pharmaceutics II
Subject overview
MANIVASAKAM P
Assistant Professor,
Department of Pharmaceutics,
JKKMIHSCP, T.N PALAYAM -638504.

2. Introduction
❖ Physical pharmaceutics is a pharmaceutical material science that is concerned
with the physical and chemical principles of materials (drugs and other additives)
that go into the formulation of dosage forms.
❖ Historically, physical pharmacy has been associated with the area of pharmacy
that dealt with the quantitative and theoretical principles of physicochemical
science as they applied to the practice of pharmacy.
❖ A strong foundation in this subject helps the pharmacist in selecting the right kind
of materials.
❖ Physical pharmacy attempted to integrate the factual knowledge of pharmacy
through the development of broad principles of its own, and it aided the pharmacist
and the pharmaceutical scientist in their attempt to predict the solubility, stability,
compatibility and biological action of drug products.

3. Physical Pharmaceutics 2
❏ Colloidal dispersion
❏ Rheology
❏ Course dispersion
❏ Micromeritics
❏ Drug stability
Physical Pharmaceutics 1
❏ Solubility of drugs
❏ States of matter
❏ Surface and interfacial
phenomena
❏ Complexation and protein binding
❏ pH, buffer and isotonic solutions

4. Scope of PHY PHR - II
❖ The course deals with the physical and physicochemical properties
and principles involved in the dosage forms/formulations.
❖ Theory and practical components of the subject help the student to
get a better insight into various areas of formulation research and
development and stability studies of pharmaceutical dosage forms.

5. Objectives of PHY PHR - II
Upon the Completion of the course student shall be able to,
➔ Understand various physicochemical properties of drug molecules in
the designing the dosage forms.
➔ Know the principles of chemical kinetics & to use them for stability
testing and determination of expiry date of formulations.
➔ Demonstrate use of physicochemical properties in the formulation
development and evaluation of dosage forms.

6. Unit - I. Colloidal dispersion (10hrs)
❏ Classification of dispersed systems & their general characteristics,
❏ Size & shapes of colloidal particles,
❏ Classification of colloids & comparative account of their general properties.
❏ Optical, kinetic & electrical properties.
❏ Effect of electrolytes, coacervation, peptization & protective action.

7. UNIT - II. Rheology (10hrs)
❏ Newtonian systems,
❏ Law of flow,
❏ Kinematic viscosity,
❏ Effect of temperature,
❏ non-Newtonian systems,
❏ Pseudo plastic, dilatant, plastic,
thixotropy, thixotropy in formulation,
❏ Determination of viscosity, capillary,
falling Sphere, rotational viscometers
Deformation of solids:
❏ Plastic and elastic deformation,
❏ Heckel equation,
❏ Stress,
❏ Strain,
❏ Elastic Modulus

8. Unit - III. Course dispersion (7 hrs)
❏ Suspension,
❏ Interfacial properties of suspended particles,
❏ Settling in suspensions,
❏ Formulation of flocculated and deflocculated suspensions.
❏ Emulsions and theories of emulsification,
❏ microemulsion and multiple emulsions
❏ Stability of emulsions,
❏ Preservation of emulsions,
❏ Rheological properties of emulsions and emulsion formulation by HLB
method.

9. Unit - IV. Micromeritics (10 hrs )
❏ Particle size and distribution,
❏ Mean particle size, number and weight distribution, particle number,
❏ Methods for determining particle size by different methods,
❏ Counting and separation method,
❏ Particle shape, specific surface,
❏ Methods for determining surface area,
❏ Permeability, adsorption,
❏ Derived properties of powders,
❏ Porosity ,
❏ Packing arrangement,
❏ Densities ,
❏ Bulkiness & flow properties.

10. Unit - V. Drug stability (10 hrs)
❏ Zero, pseudo-zero, first & second order,
❏ Units of basic rate constants,
❏ Determination of reaction order.
❏ Physical and chemical factors influencing the chemical degradation of
pharmaceutical product: temperature, solvent, ionic strength, dielectric
constant, specific & general acid base catalysis, Simple numerical problems.
❏ Stabilization of medicinal agents against common reactions like hydrolysis &
oxidation.
❏ Accelerated stability testing in expiration dating of pharmaceutical dosage
forms.

11. Reference Books
❏ Physical Pharmacy by Alfred Martin, Sixth edition.
❏ Tutorial pharmacy by Cooper and Gunn.
❏ Physical Pharmaceutics by Ramasamy C, and Manavalan R.
❏ Textbook of physical pharmaceutics by C V S Subrahmanyam.
❏ Aulton’s pharmaceutics- The design and manufacture of medicines.
❏ Remington education pharmaceutics.

12. Assessment
Internal Assessment:
Continues mode - 10
Avg of 2 sessional Exam - 15
Total IA = 25
End semester exams:
Max.Marks = 75 Marks
Tot. Marks = 100 Marks

13. Continues assessment
● Attendance (4)
● Academic activities (6)
○ Quiz,assignment, open book test, field work, GD, seminar (3)
○ Student teacher interaction (3)

14. Thank You