The presentation deals with the basics of pre anesthetic checkups, its only for the educations purpose!
Any kind of replication, modifications and republication is strictly prohibited.
All Rights reserved to the Author. 2016
The presentation deals with the basics of pre anesthetic checkups, its only for the educations purpose!
Any kind of replication, modifications and republication is strictly prohibited.
All Rights reserved to the Author. 2016
Sleep and dreams are taken for granted by those not affected by obstructive sleep apnea. Unfortunately in around 10 million population around the world, sleep is a nightly battle which leaves it‟s victims and their bed partners fatigued, stressed and much less healthy.
Untreated sleep apnea is one of the major public health issues we face in common. The emergence of dental sleep medicine as a safe and effective treatment brings hope for the millions of patients looking for alternatives to CPAP treatment.
Oral appliances used to date constitute a relatively heterogeneous group of devices for the treatment of sleep apnea and non-apneic snoring.
As dental professionals, we have a significant role to play in the early diagnosis, management and care of patients suffering from sleep apnea. Oral appliances play a major role in the non surgical management of OSA and have become the first line of treatment in almost all patients suffering from OSA.
The interplay between anatomic, functional, and neural factors that influence the upper airway patency during wakefulness and sleep is still unclear. Although the role played by the prosthodontists is still in its infancy, there is much to learn and understand in the rapidly evolving field of sleep medicine.
The growing interest of prosthodontists in sleep medicine has contributed immensely toward effective prevention and treatment of OSA and sleep Bruxism for each patient based on his/her individual requirement
Surgical procedures for the treatment ofBhagwat Kapse
Apnea” is the Greek word for “without breath.”
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was
( 1837) First Charles Dickens term “Pickwickian syndrome”
described a similar presentation of a typical OSA patient; obese, somnolent, and with an excessive appetite.
Brief Report: OSA Evaluations for the Anaesthesiologist, Surgeon, Surgery Centresemualkaira
This short report presents a scope of the medical condition of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). Current methods for assessment and
diagnosis of OSA are presented. Complications and potential death
from untreated OSA places the anesthesiologist, surgeon and surgical center in a risk situation. Factors related to the risk factors
and points toward resolution are presented.
Introduction: There is growing evidence that Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a risk factor for Pulmonary Embolism (PE). This
association represents a major public health burden.Aims and Objectives: To investigate Computed Tomography Obstruction Index (CTOI) and the Right Ventricular (RV) to Left Ventricular (LV) diameter ratio with OSA severity. Materials and Methods: 46 Patients with (PE) were evaluated for OSA. Pulmonary Artery Obstruction Index (PAOI) and RV/ LV diameter ratio was measured by pulmonary angiography. Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI) was determined. Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Polysomnography (PSG) was performed for all patients. Based on the PAOI, patients divided into (< 15%, 15-50%, > 50%).
Surgical adjunctive procedures for accelerating orthodontic treatment by Padh...Dr. Yahya Alogaibi
Surgical adjunctive procedures for accelerating orthodontic treatment by Padhraig S Fleming, Zbys Fedorowicz, Ama Johal, Ahmed El-Angbawi, Nikolaos Pandis ppt
Non-surgical adjunctive interventions for accelerating tooth movement in pati...Dr. Yahya Alogaibi
Non-surgical adjunctive interventions for accelerating tooth movement in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment by Ahmed El-Angbawi, Grant T McIntyre, Padhraig S Fleming, David R Bearn ppt
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2. Type of study Prospective study
Authors Thomas J. Nuckton et. al
Date of publication March 6, 2006
Name of Journal SLEEP
3. OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA (OSA) MAY AFFECT AS MANY AS 1 IN 5
ADULTS AND HAS THE POTENTIAL FOR CAUSING SERIOUS LONG-TERM
HEALTH consequences, including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and stroke
and a reduced quality of life.
(Young T, Peppard PE, Bixler EO, Shahar E, Malhotra A)
Introduction
4. Mallampati SR, Samsoon GL, Benumof JL, Pollard BJ
The Mallampati score, derived from a simple airway-classification system, has been
used to identify patients at risk for difficult tracheal intubation for more than 20 years.
The system is non invasive and simple to learn, and it requires no special equipment.
Introduction
5. To assess the clinical usefulness of the Mallampati score in patients with obstructive
sleep apnea.
Study Objective
6. All measurements, including the Mallampati score, were made prior to
polysomnography as part of a routine clinical assessment.
The Mallampati score was obtained during the physical examination of each patient.
For all patients, the assessment of scores was done or directly supervised by the same
physician.
.
7. The score was assessed by asking the
patient to open his or her mouth as
wide as possible, while protruding the
tongue as far as possible.
The patient was instructed to not emit
sounds during the assessment.
A standard I to IV grading system was
used.
8. 1. Class I: Soft palate, uvula visible.
2. Class II: Soft palate, portion of uvula
visible.
3. Class III: Soft palate, base of uvula
visible.
4. Class IV: Only hard palate visible (
soft palate not visible)
9. A modified Mallampati score, obtained without protruding the tongue but that is
otherwise identical to standard scoring, was also assessed.
Friedman M and Zonato AI et. al
10. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) was used to assess subjective sleepiness.
Scores range from 0 to 24, and higher scores indicate a higher propensity toward
daytime sleepiness.
Johns MW and Chervin RD
11. The primary outcome variables were OSA and the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), as
determined by polysomnography.
OSA was defined as an AHI of 5 or greater.
12. The AHI refers to the total number of episodes of either cessation (apnea) or
decrease in airflow (hypopnea) per hour.
Apnea was determined by a cessation of airflow for 10 or more seconds.
Hypopnea was determined by a decrease in airflow combined with a 4% or greater
decrease in oxygen saturation.
13. Neck circumference, witnessed apnea, and hypertension were the only other
variables that were independently associated with an increased risk of OSA.
Age, neck circumference, and severity of witnessed apnea were also
independently associated with the AHI.
14. There were no significant associations between Mallampati score and either body
mass index (p = .2), tonsil size (p = .3), use of home polysomnography (p = .7), or
patient age (p = .9).
There were significant but modest associations between Mallampati score and neck
circumference (r = 0 .19; p = .03) and Mallampati score and degree of overjet (r = 0 .21;
p = .01).
15. Discussion
On average, for every 1-point increase in Mallampati score the odds of having
OSA increased more than 2-fold and the AHI increased by more than 5 events per
hour.
Moreover, these associations were independent of all other variables that we
measured, including history of snoring, overjet, tonsil size, neck circumference, and
body mass index.
16. Discussion
Indeed, an association between difficulty of tracheal intubation and OSA has been
reported.
The original Mallampati score was based on a scale of I to III but, over time,
has evolved into the I to IV scoring system used commonly by
anesthesiologists today to assess the difficulty of endotracheal intubation.
In this study, the proportions of patients with OSA were similar in those with a
Mallampati score of III or IV.
17. Discussion
However, the average AHI was higher in patients with a Mallampati score of IV,
and, in our regression models, both the AHI and the odds of having OSA increased
as Mallampati score increased.
18. Mallampati scoring could also be used to prioritize patients for polysomnography,
an important consideration given the large backlog of patients awaiting assessment
for OSA.
Discussion
Rahaghi F, Escourrou P, Flemons WW and Pack AI.
19. The Mallampati score, while having limitations as a diagnostic test, is a useful part of
the physical examination of patients prior to polysomnography.
The independent association between Mallampati score and the presence and severity of
OSA suggests that this scoring system will have practical value in clinical settings and
in prospective studies of sleep-disordered breathing.
Summary
20. Post-orthodontic Periodontal Treatment
After orthodontic treatment, the patient should remain on a 3 month periodontal maintenance program.
A nightguard is indicated to control parafunction and can also be used as a post-orthodontic retainer.
Occlusal adjustment to diminish any fremitus from lateral interferences
Take a new set of periapical radiographs.
It takes at least 6 months after band removal for adequate bone remodeling and cessation of mobility.
Editor's Notes
is a longitudinal cohort study that follows over time a group of similar individuals (cohorts) who differ with respect to certain factors under study, to determine how these factors affect rates of a certain outcome.
The prospective study is important for research on the etiology of diseases and disorders.
Tracheal intubation, usually simply referred to as intubation, is the placement of a flexible plastic tube into the trachea (windpipe) to maintain an open airway or to serve as a conduit through which to administer certain drugs
Patients of at least 18 years of age referred to the University of California, San Francisco Sleep Disorders Center and evaluated for possible OSA were eligible for the study
==========================================
We studied 137 patients with suspected OSA and who had been referred to the University of California Sleep Disorders Center
Pillars
The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) is a scale[1][2] intended to measure daytime sleepiness that is measured by use of a very short questionnaire. This can be helpful in diagnosing sleep disorders. It was introduced in 1991 by Dr Murray Johns of Epworth Hospital in Melbourne, Australia.[3
Polysomnography a type of sleep study[1], is a multi-parametric test used in the study of sleep and as a diagnostic tool in sleep medicine.
Polysomnography, also called a sleep study, is a test used to diagnose sleep disorders.
Polysomnography records your brain waves, the oxygen level in your blood, heart rate and breathing, as well as eye and leg movements during the study.