Surgical adjunctive procedures for accelerating orthodontic treatment by Padhraig S Fleming, Zbys Fedorowicz, Ama Johal, Ahmed El-Angbawi, Nikolaos Pandis ppt
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Additional article information
Introduction
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Surgical adjunctive procedures for accelerating orthodontic treatment by Padhraig S Fleming, Zbys Fedorowicz, Ama Johal, Ahmed El-Angbawi, Nikolaos Pandis ppt
2. Type of study Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Authors
Padhraig S Fleming, Zbys Fedorowicz, Ama Johal, Ahmed El-
Angbawi, Nikolaos Pandis
Date of publication 2016
Name of Journal www.cochranelibrary.com
3. Where to find Systematic Reviews?
ADA Center for Evidence-Based Dentistry.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
PubMed.
Evidence Based Dentistry Journal.
Journal of Evidence-Based Dental Practice.
Trip Database.
4. What are Cochrane Reviews?
Cochrane Reviews are systematic reviews of primary research in human health care and
health policy, and are internationally recognized as the highest standard in evidence-based
health care.
They investigate the effects of interventions for prevention, treatment and rehabilitation.
They assess the accuracy of a diagnostic test for a given condition in a specific patient group
and setting.
5. What is the difference between Pubmed and Cochrane?
PubMed: an unfiltered source of primary literature comprises all different kinds of
publication types occurring in academic journals (23 million references).
The Cochrane Library: a pre-filtered source which offers access to either synthesized
publication types or critically appraised and carefully selected references. (800,000
references).
7. BACKGROUND
Approximately 35% of adolescents between 12 and 15 years in the UK have a
treatment needs (Chestnutt 2006)
Conventional orthodontic treatment period 18-24 months
Re-activation of the appliance at intervals of between 4 and 10 weeks
Techniques to reduce treatment duration:
Surgical, vibratory stimulation, Low laser therapy and avoidance of extraction
8. BACKGROUND
Surgically assisted orthodontics:
1. Distraction: separation of the dental segment from the jaw
A)Distraction of the dento-alveolus B) Distraction of PDL
9. BACKGROUND
2. Decortication:
A surgical procedure involving intentional surgical
insult to alveolar bone, designed to accelerate tooth
movement.
Approach has been modified by the addition of bio
absorbable grafts (Wilcko 2001)
10. BACKGROUND
3. Corticision (flapless corticotomy):
This is a more conservative surgical procedure to
divide cortices transmucosally without reflecting a
mucoperiosteal.
11. BACKGROUND
A corticotomy is defined as a surgical procedure whereby only the cortical bone is cut,
perforated, or mechanically altered (Murphy et al., 2009).
Kole was the first to describe modern-day corticotomy-facilitated orthodontics. He used the
term “bony block” to describe the suspected mode of movement after corticotomy.
What is Corticotomy
12. BACKGROUND
Indications How does it work
Class I malocclusion with
moderate to severe crowding.
Class II malocclusion requiring
moderate expansion or
extraction.
Mild class III malocclusion
RAP (Regional Acceleratory Phenomena): Characterized by
an increase in cortical bone porosity and trabecular
bone surface turnover due to augmented
osteoclastic activity (Wilcko et al., 2011).
Reduction in bone mass not volume
PEAK 1-2 M
13. BACKGROUND
Timing of the procedure
At the start ortho TX
During Ortho TX at a particular stage(canine exposure)
15. The Aim
To assess the effects of surgically assisted orthodontics on the
duration and outcome of orthodontic treatment.
16. Methods:
Criteria for considering studies for this review
RCT
Participants: No orthognathic or craniofacial deformity
Types of intervention
Control Active intervention
Any form of orthodontic treatment with fixed
appliances, including extraction and non-
extraction treatment with or without
interproximal reduction.
Surgically assisted Orthodontic TX
17. Methods:
Primary outcomes Secondary outcomes
Duration of TX
Number and duration of visits
Rate of tooth movement
Periodontal health and inflammatory response
Patient-reported outcomes: impact of fixed appliances on daily
life, quality of life and pain experience
Patient satisfaction
Improvement in occlusion adjudged using Peer Assessment Rating
(PAR)
Prolonged stability of treatment
18. Methods:
Search Methods Data Collection and analysis
The Cochrane Oral Health Group’s Trials
The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled
Trials
MEDLINE
EMBASE via OVID ( to 10 September 2014)
Two review authors assessed the full-text papers
independently and resolved any disagreement on the
eligibility of included studies through discussion with
a third review author.
21. Abou-Ela 2011 Alikhani2013 Leethanakul2014 Fischer2007
Participant
N13
19 Y
Class II dev I
N 20
19.5-33 Y
Class II dev I
N 18
21.9 Y
Requiring upper 4
exo
N 6
11.1-12.9 Y
Bilateral ectopic canine, Class I
non exo
Intervention
Corticotomy:
Full thickness
submarginal flap (at
time of exo)
Perforation in cortical
bone from 2-4.
Space closure:
miniscrew , NITI
spring
(150 g)
3 MOP (micro-
osteoperforations)
distal to the
canine
No flap
Repeated surgery
Miniscrews, NITI
spring,
(100 g)
Interseptal bone
reduction
Exo socket widened
BL and deepen to
canine apex level
-Canine exposure
Corticotomy,
circular holes (l.5mm depth)
spaced 2mm made M&D to
the canine into the edenttulos
area.
Attachments placed 2 weeks
Visits 4-6 w, 2w
Unitl the tip of canine is
aligned
22. Abou-Ela 2011 Alikhani2013 Leethanakul2014 Fischer2007
Primary outcome
-Tooth movement per
One month
3 months
Antero-posterior
movement of 3,6
1.14mm
2.25
Movement of upper
canine
0.6mm
====
Movement of upper
canine
0.7mm
2mm
Movement of upper
canine in 40 w mean
difference 0.08 mm
per weak
Secondary outcome
1) Periodontal health
2) Pain experience
PD,CAL, Bone level,
gingival recession show
no difference ,P >0.05
-------------------------------
GI higher in operated
side ,P<0.05 after 2m
GCF befor Tx ,after
canine retraction,at each
visit
---------------------------------
24 h,7 days,28 days
No significant difference
P>0.5
Follow up Over period of space
closure + 4m
One month 3 months of canine
retraction
Until alignment of
canine tip
23. Discussion and conclusion
Outcomes within the selected studies were primarily clinician-centred, pain measured in
one study, no assessment of QOL. (Quaity of life ) So future study must patient oriented.
The tooth movement or space closure not the overall duration of Tx are used to assess the
effectiveness of surgical therapy.
Limited amount of evidence, small number of participants of the included studies.
24. Discussion and conclusion
The included studies were undertaken predominantly on skeletally- mature individuals; it
is therefore not possible to confirm the effectiveness of these procedures on adolescent
populations.
No agreed surgical technique (repeated versus single surgery, flap versus flapless),
periodontal effect of repeated surgery should be evaluated.
The review by Kalemaj 2015 suggested that surgically-assisted procedures may have a
short-term effect, which may diminish over time.
25. Post-orthodontic Periodontal Treatment
After orthodontic treatment, the patient should remain on a 3 month periodontal maintenance program.
A nightguard is indicated to control parafunction and can also be used as a post-orthodontic retainer.
Occlusal adjustment to diminish any fremitus from lateral interferences
Take a new set of periapical radiographs.
It takes at least 6 months after band removal for adequate bone remodeling and cessation of mobility.
Editor's Notes
GI higher in operated side ,P<0.05 after 2m
Gastrointestunal
Probing debth
Clinical attachement level