This document discusses key topics in physical, human, and environmental geography. It covers physical geography including the atmosphere, water cycle, landforms, rocks and soil. It then discusses human geography including population geography, settlement geography, economic activities, communications, and transportation. Finally, it discusses environmental geography including natural resources, renewable and non-renewable resources, and how humans both positively and negatively impact the environment.

1. Geography
Physical, Human, & Environmental

2. Physical Geography
The study of the earth’s natural features. It is about
the land and the sea and the atmosphere around
us.

3. Physical Geography
The atmosphere is the air around the earth.
Changes in temperature, rainfall and pressure give
us our weather and climate. Climate changes
between seasons and from year to year. Different
parts of the world have different climates.

4. Water Cycle

5. Physical Geography
Landforms are natural features formed by rivers, the
sea, ice and volcanoes. They are continually
changing as they are worn away in some places
and built up in others.

6. Landforms – how many
can you identify?

8. Physical Geography
Most changes in physical geography happen very
slowly. Sometimes when sudden changes happen,
they cause hazards such as storms, floods,
drought, volcanic eruptions and earthquakes.

11. Physical Geography
The earth’s surface is made up of many different
kinds of rock. Where these rocks break up into
small pieces, they form soil. Plants grow in this soil
and cover most of the earth’s land surface.

13. Human Geography
Human Geography is the study of where and how
people live.

14. Human Geography
Population Geography
Settlement Geography
Communications
Transportation
Economic Geography

16. Population Geography
Looks at the spread (distribution) of people over the
earth’s surface. It tries to explain why some parts of
the world have many people living there while other
parts have very few.
Studies why people move from one area or country
to another (migration).
Looks at how movement changes customs,
religious beliefs and ways of living.

18. Settlement geography
Settlement Geography is about where people live.
It looks at why settlements grow up in a particular
place, and why some remain small in size (villages)
while others may grow into very large urban
centers.
It also describes problems that go with living in very
small places as well as those of large ones.

19. Economic Geography
Economic geography (Activity) looks at how people
try to earn a living. It is about industry, about jobs,
and about wealth.
It usually is divided into three types. These include
farming (a primary activity), making things at a
factory (a secondary activity) or looking after people
(a tertiary activity).

20. Communications
Communications describe the methods of transport
by which people may move about.
Think about how people get to work, to school, to
the shops and for recreation.
Includes the movement of goods (trade) and
information, such as conversations on the
telephone and programs on the television.

21. Environmental Geography
What is the environment?
A combination of the physical (natural)
environment of climate, landforms, soils and
vegetation, and the human environment which
includes settlements and economic activities. It is
the study of the surroundings in which people,
plants and animals live.

23. Environment
The environment includes natural resources such
as coal & iron ore, soils, forests and water. These
are all used to meet human needs.
Some of these resources are renewable. This
means that they can be used over an over again.
Rainfall is a good example.

24. Environment
Other resources are non-renewable and can only
be used once, such as coal. Sometimes people
use these resources to their advantage
Can you think of ways we use them to our
advantage (benefit)?
People also misuse these resources by using them
up (minerals), by destroying them, (soils, forests) or
polluting them (rivers, seas, and the air).

26. Environment
Different environments have different qualities and
different uses. Each needs to be protected and
carefully managed. Many environments have been
damaged in the past.
Describe the Environmental Quality in your area.
Compare two different places such as your last
vacation destination with a major city.

27. Quality of Life
Definition: your personal satisfaction (or
dissatisfaction) with the cultural or intellectual
conditions under which you live.
Describe the positive and negative factors that
affect your Quality of Life where you currently live.
Compare with another place you have lived or
visited.

28. Quality of Life
Healthiness: Life expectancy at birth (in years).
Family life: Divorce rate (per 1,000 population), converted into index of 1 (lowest divorce rates) to 5 (highest).
Community life: Variable taking value 1 if country has either high rate of church attendance or trade-union
membership; zero otherwise.
Material well being: GDP per person, at PPP in $.
Political stability and security: Political stability and security ratings.
Climate and geography: Latitude, to distinguish between warmer and colder climates.
Job security: Unemployment rate (%.)
Political freedom: Average of indexes of political and civil liberties.
Gender equality: Measured using ratio of average male and female earnings.

29. Environmental Influences
There are positive and negative ways humans
impact the environment while there are negative
and positive ways the environment affects humans.
Make a comparison chart outlining the positive and
negative effects of both.
In two well-written paragraphs describe how the
physical world affects you and how humans impact the
physical world on a global level.