This document describes an electronics lab experiment on diode clipping and clamping circuits. The objectives are to understand the operating principles of diode clipping circuits, clamping circuits, and how the waveforms change when bias is applied. Diode clipping circuits clip portions of the input signal based on the diode orientation. Clamping circuits shift the DC level of the input signal but maintain the same amplitude. The experiment will use a circuit module and oscilloscope to construct and observe different diode clipping and clamping circuit configurations and their output waveforms.
Performance Comparison of Multi Input Capacitor Converter CircuitsIJECEIAES
This paper analyze the operation of a multi input switched capacitor (MIC) converters using a couple of switches, diodes and capacitors for several levels. With two input sources it is possible to obtain 8 output voltage levels. Here, 5 topologies of switched capacitor circuits namely summation, subtraction, inverting, double and half circuits are simulated and their performances are analyzed. Multi Input Converters have a high regard for multiple renewable energy sources used in smart grid systems, especially for distributed generators. The effects on output voltage with variation in load for different frequencies are also analyzed. Hardware implementation of summation and subtraction circuit is carried out and the results are compared with the simulated results
Performance Comparison of Multi Input Capacitor Converter CircuitsIJECEIAES
This paper analyze the operation of a multi input switched capacitor (MIC) converters using a couple of switches, diodes and capacitors for several levels. With two input sources it is possible to obtain 8 output voltage levels. Here, 5 topologies of switched capacitor circuits namely summation, subtraction, inverting, double and half circuits are simulated and their performances are analyzed. Multi Input Converters have a high regard for multiple renewable energy sources used in smart grid systems, especially for distributed generators. The effects on output voltage with variation in load for different frequencies are also analyzed. Hardware implementation of summation and subtraction circuit is carried out and the results are compared with the simulated results
Development of Switch Mode Dc Converter Using MATLAB/ dSPACEIDES Editor
In this paper with the help of Matlab/Simulink and
dSPACE, the Switch-Mode DC Converter is built in real-time
to control the output voltage of the controller using PWM
algorithm. First, the Simulink model of Switch-Mode DC
Converter (i.e. Single-Pole and Two-Pole Converter Model)
is built and, after verifying the results, it is implemented in
real-time. Next, a DC motor is connected to the output
terminals (i.e. Phase A1 and Phase B1) of the Power Electronics
Board such that a variable voltage is applied to the terminals
of DC motor. Now, by changing the magnitude of the applied
voltage, the speed of the motor is varied. This is also referred
to as an open-loop voltage control of DC motor. The purpose
of the real-time implementation is obtaining variable voltage
at the output of the power converter, while controlling its
amplitude with a dSPACE DS1104-based user interface.
Soft Switched Multi-Output Flyback Converter with Voltage DoublerIJPEDS-IAES
A novel multi-output voltage doubler circuit with resonant switching
technique is proposed in this paper. The resonant topology in the primary
side of the flyback transformer switches the device either at zero voltage or
current thus optimizing the switching devices by mitigating the losses. The
voltage doubler circuit introduced in the load side increases the voltage by
twice the value thereby increasing the load power and density. The proposed
Multi-output Isolated Converter removes the need for mutiple SMPS units
for a particular application. This reduces the size and weight of the
converters considerably leading to a greater payload. This paper aims at
optimizing the proposed converter with some design changes. The results
obtained from the hardware prototype are given in a comprehensive manner
for a 3.5W converter operating at output voltages of 5V and 3.3V at 50 kHz
switching frequency. The converter output is regulated with the PI controller
designed with SG3523 IC. The effects of load and line regulation for ±20%
variations are analyzed in detail.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Variable Power Supply with Digital Control with seven segments display is one of the applications of electronics to increase the facilities of life. It is facilitates the operation of voltage regulators around the electronics lab. It provides a system that is simple to understand and also to operate, a system that would be cheaper and affordable.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Fuzzy Control Based Quadrupler Boost ConverterIJSRD
A voltage quadruple boost converter is presented. This converter is used to obtain higher voltage gain and reduces the voltage stress across the switches and diodes. These voltage multipliers are used in high voltage, low current applications such as for accelerating purpose in a cathode ray tube and also this converter topology is advanced than previous dc-dc converters. Voltage quadruple converter uses parallel-input series-output connection. Comparing with two phase interleaved boost converter one can see that two more capacitors and two more diodes are added so that during the energy transfer period partial inductor stored energy is stored in one capacitor and partial inductor stored energy together with the other capacitor store energy is transferred to the output to achieve much higher voltage gain. However, the proposed voltage gain is twice that of the interleaved two-phase boost converter. Simulation of the converter is carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. The converter is simulated using fuzzy logic control and also the experimental setup was done.
Simulated Analysis of Resonant Frequency Converter Using Different Tank Circu...IJERD Editor
LLC resonant frequency converter is basically a combo of series as well as parallel resonant ckt. For
LCC resonant converter it is associated with a disadvantage that, though it has two resonant frequencies, the
lower resonant frequency is in ZCS region [5]. For this application, we are not able to design the converter
working at this resonant frequency. LLC resonant converter existed for a very long time but because of
unknown characteristic of this converter it was used as a series resonant converter with basically a passive
(resistive) load. . Here, it was designed to operate in switching frequency higher than resonant frequency of the
series resonant tank of Lr and Cr converter acts very similar to Series Resonant Converter. The benefit of LLC
resonant converter is narrow switching frequency range with light load[6] . Basically, the control ckt plays a
very imp. role and hence 555 Timer used here provides a perfect square wave as the control ckt provides no
slew rate which makes the square wave really strong and impenetrable. The dead band circuit provides the
exclusive dead band in micro seconds so as to avoid the simultaneous firing of two pairs of IGBT’s where one
pair switches off and the other on for a slightest period of time. Hence, the isolator ckt here is associated with
each and every ckt used because it acts as a driver and an isolation to each of the IGBT is provided with one
exclusive transformer supply[3]. The IGBT’s are fired using the appropriate signal using the previous boards
and hence at last a high frequency rectifier ckt with a filtering capacitor is used to get an exact dc
waveform .The basic goal of this particular analysis is to observe the wave forms and characteristics of
converters with differently positioned passive elements in the form of tank circuits. The supported simulation
is done through PSIM 6.0 software tool
Hardware Analysis of Resonant Frequency Converter Using Isolated Circuits And...IJERD Editor
-LLC resonant frequency converter is basically a combo of series as well as parallel resonant ckt. For
LCC resonant converter it is associated with a disadvantage that, though it has two resonant frequencies, the
lower resonant frequency is in ZCS region[5]. For this application, we are not able to design the converter
working at this resonant frequency. LLC resonant converter existed for a very long time but because of
unknown characteristic of this converter it was used as a series resonant converter with basically a passive
(resistive) load. . Here, it was designed to operate in switching frequency higher than resonant frequency of the
series resonant tank of Lr and Cr converter acts very similar to Series Resonant Converter. The benefit of LLC
resonant converter is narrow switching frequency range with light load[6] . Basically, the control ckt plays a
very imp. role and hence 555 Timer used here provides a perfect square wave as the control ckt provides no
slew rate which makes the square wave really strong and impenetrable. The dead band circuit provides the
exclusive dead band in micro seconds so as to avoid the simultaneous firing of two pairs of IGBT’s where one
pair switches off and the other on for a slightest period of time. Hence, the isolator ckt here is associated with
each and every ckt used because it acts as a driver and an isolation to each of the IGBT is provided with one
exclusive transformer supply[3]. The IGBT’s are fired using the appropriate signal using the previous boards
and hence at last a high frequency rectifier ckt with a filtering capacitor is used to get an exact dc
waveform .The basic goal of this particular analysis is to observe the wave forms and characteristics of
converters with differently positioned passive elements in the form of tank circuits.
Development of Switch Mode Dc Converter Using MATLAB/ dSPACEIDES Editor
In this paper with the help of Matlab/Simulink and
dSPACE, the Switch-Mode DC Converter is built in real-time
to control the output voltage of the controller using PWM
algorithm. First, the Simulink model of Switch-Mode DC
Converter (i.e. Single-Pole and Two-Pole Converter Model)
is built and, after verifying the results, it is implemented in
real-time. Next, a DC motor is connected to the output
terminals (i.e. Phase A1 and Phase B1) of the Power Electronics
Board such that a variable voltage is applied to the terminals
of DC motor. Now, by changing the magnitude of the applied
voltage, the speed of the motor is varied. This is also referred
to as an open-loop voltage control of DC motor. The purpose
of the real-time implementation is obtaining variable voltage
at the output of the power converter, while controlling its
amplitude with a dSPACE DS1104-based user interface.
Soft Switched Multi-Output Flyback Converter with Voltage DoublerIJPEDS-IAES
A novel multi-output voltage doubler circuit with resonant switching
technique is proposed in this paper. The resonant topology in the primary
side of the flyback transformer switches the device either at zero voltage or
current thus optimizing the switching devices by mitigating the losses. The
voltage doubler circuit introduced in the load side increases the voltage by
twice the value thereby increasing the load power and density. The proposed
Multi-output Isolated Converter removes the need for mutiple SMPS units
for a particular application. This reduces the size and weight of the
converters considerably leading to a greater payload. This paper aims at
optimizing the proposed converter with some design changes. The results
obtained from the hardware prototype are given in a comprehensive manner
for a 3.5W converter operating at output voltages of 5V and 3.3V at 50 kHz
switching frequency. The converter output is regulated with the PI controller
designed with SG3523 IC. The effects of load and line regulation for ±20%
variations are analyzed in detail.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Variable Power Supply with Digital Control with seven segments display is one of the applications of electronics to increase the facilities of life. It is facilitates the operation of voltage regulators around the electronics lab. It provides a system that is simple to understand and also to operate, a system that would be cheaper and affordable.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Fuzzy Control Based Quadrupler Boost ConverterIJSRD
A voltage quadruple boost converter is presented. This converter is used to obtain higher voltage gain and reduces the voltage stress across the switches and diodes. These voltage multipliers are used in high voltage, low current applications such as for accelerating purpose in a cathode ray tube and also this converter topology is advanced than previous dc-dc converters. Voltage quadruple converter uses parallel-input series-output connection. Comparing with two phase interleaved boost converter one can see that two more capacitors and two more diodes are added so that during the energy transfer period partial inductor stored energy is stored in one capacitor and partial inductor stored energy together with the other capacitor store energy is transferred to the output to achieve much higher voltage gain. However, the proposed voltage gain is twice that of the interleaved two-phase boost converter. Simulation of the converter is carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. The converter is simulated using fuzzy logic control and also the experimental setup was done.
Simulated Analysis of Resonant Frequency Converter Using Different Tank Circu...IJERD Editor
LLC resonant frequency converter is basically a combo of series as well as parallel resonant ckt. For
LCC resonant converter it is associated with a disadvantage that, though it has two resonant frequencies, the
lower resonant frequency is in ZCS region [5]. For this application, we are not able to design the converter
working at this resonant frequency. LLC resonant converter existed for a very long time but because of
unknown characteristic of this converter it was used as a series resonant converter with basically a passive
(resistive) load. . Here, it was designed to operate in switching frequency higher than resonant frequency of the
series resonant tank of Lr and Cr converter acts very similar to Series Resonant Converter. The benefit of LLC
resonant converter is narrow switching frequency range with light load[6] . Basically, the control ckt plays a
very imp. role and hence 555 Timer used here provides a perfect square wave as the control ckt provides no
slew rate which makes the square wave really strong and impenetrable. The dead band circuit provides the
exclusive dead band in micro seconds so as to avoid the simultaneous firing of two pairs of IGBT’s where one
pair switches off and the other on for a slightest period of time. Hence, the isolator ckt here is associated with
each and every ckt used because it acts as a driver and an isolation to each of the IGBT is provided with one
exclusive transformer supply[3]. The IGBT’s are fired using the appropriate signal using the previous boards
and hence at last a high frequency rectifier ckt with a filtering capacitor is used to get an exact dc
waveform .The basic goal of this particular analysis is to observe the wave forms and characteristics of
converters with differently positioned passive elements in the form of tank circuits. The supported simulation
is done through PSIM 6.0 software tool
Hardware Analysis of Resonant Frequency Converter Using Isolated Circuits And...IJERD Editor
-LLC resonant frequency converter is basically a combo of series as well as parallel resonant ckt. For
LCC resonant converter it is associated with a disadvantage that, though it has two resonant frequencies, the
lower resonant frequency is in ZCS region[5]. For this application, we are not able to design the converter
working at this resonant frequency. LLC resonant converter existed for a very long time but because of
unknown characteristic of this converter it was used as a series resonant converter with basically a passive
(resistive) load. . Here, it was designed to operate in switching frequency higher than resonant frequency of the
series resonant tank of Lr and Cr converter acts very similar to Series Resonant Converter. The benefit of LLC
resonant converter is narrow switching frequency range with light load[6] . Basically, the control ckt plays a
very imp. role and hence 555 Timer used here provides a perfect square wave as the control ckt provides no
slew rate which makes the square wave really strong and impenetrable. The dead band circuit provides the
exclusive dead band in micro seconds so as to avoid the simultaneous firing of two pairs of IGBT’s where one
pair switches off and the other on for a slightest period of time. Hence, the isolator ckt here is associated with
each and every ckt used because it acts as a driver and an isolation to each of the IGBT is provided with one
exclusive transformer supply[3]. The IGBT’s are fired using the appropriate signal using the previous boards
and hence at last a high frequency rectifier ckt with a filtering capacitor is used to get an exact dc
waveform .The basic goal of this particular analysis is to observe the wave forms and characteristics of
converters with differently positioned passive elements in the form of tank circuits.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Novel Single Phase Full Bridge Inverter Formed by Floating CapacitorsIAES-IJPEDS
In this paper, a new single-phase bridge inverter is described which can
generate a more steps of voltage levels with reduced number of switches,
gate driver circuits and diodes as compare to normal multilevel inverter.
Another feature of this inverter is its ability to prodeuce the voltages from a
single dc-link power supply which enables back-to-back operation of
converter. The proposed method with more number of levels can improve
power quality, lower switching losses and produce high quality voltage
waveforms. Moreover at all load power factors the proposed method can be
operated.The research of the model is done by means of computer simulation
with the software MATLAB/SIMULINK. This topology has very low
common mode voltage variation and dv/dt stress. Also this inverter is help
full for reactive power compensation.
This paper addresses a novel approach for designing and modeling of the isolated
flyback converter. Modeling is done without parasitic as well as with parasitic components.
A detailed analysis, simulation and different control strategy are conferred for flyback
converter in continuous conduction mode (CCM). To verify the design and modeling at
primary stage, study of the converter is practiced in CCM operation for input AC voltage
230V at 50Hz and output DC voltage of 5V and 50W output power rating using PSIM 6.0
software. Simulation result shows a little ripple in output of the converter in open loop. Finally
in order to evaluate the system as well as response of the controller, flyback converter is
simulated using MATLAB. This work, highlighting the modeling when the system have
transformer and facilitate designers to go for it when they need one or more than one output
for a given application upto 150W
Switched Diode Inductor Current and Capacitor Voltage Accumulator Based Dual ...theijes
In the distributed generation systems, energy sources such as wind energy, fuel cells (FCs), photovoltaic cells (PVs), batteries, etc all, play a vital role to decrease the energy crises in this current scenario. By utilizing the principles of electronic interfaces, the alternative and renewable energy sources are interconnected. To achieve the aim of integration, a multi input converter (MIC) is a perfect choice. This paper introduces the application of a switched diode inductor current and capacitor voltage accumulator (SDICVA) on conventional boost converter. This paper aims to obtain two different kinds of dual input boost converters one is based on the serial SDICVA and the other based on the parallel SDICVA with low component stresses, high voltage gains, low ripples, high conversion efficiencies and simple PWM control. The simulations are done in MATLAB/SIMULINK
Comparative Evaluation of Three Phase Three Level Neutral Point Clamped Z-So...NAGARAJARAOS
The Z-impedance network coThree-level Z-source inverters are recent single-stage topological solutions
proposed for buck-boost energy conversion with all favorable advantages of
three-level switching retained. Despite their effectiveness in achieving voltage
buck-boost conversion, existing three-level Z-source inverters use two
impedance networks and two isolated dc sources, which can significantly
increase the overall system cost and require a more complex modulator for
balancing the network inductive voltage boosting. Offering a number of less
costly alternatives, this paper presents the design and control of two threelevel Z-source inverters, whose output voltage can be stepped down or up
using only a single impedance network connected between the dc input source
and either a neutral-point-clamped (NPC) or dc-link cascaded inverter
circuitry.
This paper investigates the carrier based modulation schemes (SPWM and
Modified SVPWM) of three-level three phase Z-source inverters with either
two Z-source networks or single Z-source network connected between the dc
sources and inverter circuitry. With the proper offset added for achieving both
optimized harmonic performance and fundamental output voltage, the
proposed modulation schemes of three-level Z-source inverters can satisfy the
expected boost operation under unbalanced modulation conditions. The
Simulation has been performed through Matlab/Simulink and relative
simulation results with conventional method have been presented to validate
the proposed methodnsists of L and C components connected in an X fashion.
The firing control of the Z-source inverter includes the shoot through states. The Zsource inverter advantageously utilizes the shoot-through state to boost the DC bus
voltage by gating on both the upper and lower switches of a phase leg. Three-level
neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverters, having many inherent advantages, are
commonly used as the preferred topology for medium voltage ac drives [1], and have
recently been explored for other low-voltage applications including grid-interfacing
power converters and high-speed drive converters [2], [3]. Despite their generally
favorable output performance, NPC inverters are constrained by their ability to
perform only voltage-buck operation with buck-boost energy conversion, usually
achieved by connecting various dc-dc boost converters to the front ends of the dc-ac
inverters. These two-stage solutions are usually more costly and can be harder to
control, since they involve more active and passive components. Offering a singlestage solution, [4], [5] propose the buck-boost Z-source NPC inverter, whose
topology is illustrated in Fig. 1 (can be viewed as an extension from the two-level Zsource inverter proposed in [6]).
Analysis of SEPIC for PV-Applications using PI Controller and Current Mode Co...ijsrd.com
A SEPIC (single-Ended Primary Inductor Converter) DC-DC converter is capable of operating in either step-up or step-down mode and widely used in battery-operated equipment. This paper presents two various closed loop techniques of SEPIC Converter, namely current mode control and PI control using PV panel. For PI controller voltage is taken as reference, for current mode controller current has taken as reference, by using the current mode controller chaos has also controlled.
Implicitly or explicitly all competing businesses employ a strategy to select a mix
of marketing resources. Formulating such competitive strategies fundamentally
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Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throu...dylandmeas
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey through Full Sail University. Below, you’ll find a collection of my work showcasing my skills and expertise in digital marketing, event planning, and media production.
RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...BBPMedia1
Marvin neemt je in deze presentatie mee in de voordelen van non-endemic advertising op retail media netwerken. Hij brengt ook de uitdagingen in beeld die de markt op dit moment heeft op het gebied van retail media voor niet-leveranciers.
Retail media wordt gezien als het nieuwe advertising-medium en ook mediabureaus richten massaal retail media-afdelingen op. Merken die niet in de betreffende winkel liggen staan ook nog niet in de rij om op de retail media netwerken te adverteren. Marvin belicht de uitdagingen die er zijn om echt aansluiting te vinden op die markt van non-endemic advertising.
Attending a job Interview for B1 and B2 Englsih learnersErika906060
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The world of search engine optimization (SEO) is buzzing with discussions after Google confirmed that around 2,500 leaked internal documents related to its Search feature are indeed authentic. The revelation has sparked significant concerns within the SEO community. The leaked documents were initially reported by SEO experts Rand Fishkin and Mike King, igniting widespread analysis and discourse. For More Info:- https://news.arihantwebtech.com/search-disrupted-googles-leaked-documents-rock-the-seo-world/
Improving profitability for small businessBen Wann
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Editable Toolkit to help you reuse our content: 700 Powerpoint slides | 35 Excel sheets | 84 minutes of Video training
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3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptxtanyjahb
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𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 (𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬) is a professional event agency that includes experts in the event-organizing market in Vietnam, Korea, and ASEAN countries. We provide unlimited types of events from Music concerts, Fan meetings, and Culture festivals to Corporate events, Internal company events, Golf tournaments, MICE events, and Exhibitions.
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 provides unlimited package services including such as Event organizing, Event planning, Event production, Manpower, PR marketing, Design 2D/3D, VIP protocols, Interpreter agency, etc.
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1. Electronic Circuits I Laboratory
2 DIODE CLIPPING and CLAMPING CIRCUITS
2.1 Objectives
• Understanding the operating principle of diode clipping circuit
• Understanding the operating principle of clamping circuit
• Understanding the waveform change of diode clipping and clamping circuits
when the bias is applied.
2.2 Basic Description
As you know, diodes can be used as switches depending on the biasing type,
reverse of forward. The clipping circuit, also referred to as clipper, clips off some of
the portions of the input signal and uses the clipped signal as the output signal. The
clamping circuit or clamper keeps the amplitude of the output signal same as that of
the input signal except that the D.C. level (offset) has been changed. The clamper
through which the input waveform shifts to positive direction is called positive
clamper, otherwise, is called negative clamper.
Fig. 2.1 – Ideal Diode – Switch Terminalogy
2.2.a Clipper Circuits
There are two types of clipper circuits, the series and parallel diode clipping
circuits.
2.2.a.1 Series Diode Clipping Circuit
In these type of circuits, the diode is connected between the input and output
voltage terminals (Fig 2.2)
10
2. Electronic Circuits I Laboratory
Fig. 2.2
As Fig.2.2 reveals, the negative cycle of the input voltage can be clipped of by
this type of series clippers. Reverse of the diode pins yields to a positive cycle
clipping circuit as shown in Fig. 2.3.
Fig. 2.3
Previous circuits clip the values larger or smaller than zero voltage. This
voltage, technically called “threshold voltage” and can be changed to a desired value
by inserting a D.C. voltage source. This is achieved in two different ways.
In the first type, the voltage source of Em ( positive or negative) is connected
through output terminals as in Fig. 2.4. Depending on the diode connection (normal
11
3. Electronic Circuits I Laboratory
or reverse), the values smaller (Fig.2.4.a) or greater (Fig.2.4.b) than Em is clipped
and assigned as Em. .
a
b
Fig. 2.4.
Note that if Em is negative, ( where the voltage source is reversely connected)
again the values smaller or larger than this negative value is clipped, do not get
confused.
In the second type of thresholded series clipping, the voltage source is
applied between the input and output terminals, series with the diode. This time, the
clipped values are assigned to zero and the net output voltage equals to the
difference between the input and threshold values.(If Em is negative, then E0 = E – Em
= E + |Em|)
a
b
Fig. 2.5
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2.2.a.2 Parallel Diode Clipping Circuit
In this type of clippers, the diode is connected between output terminals. The
on/off state of diode directly affects the output voltage. These type of clippers may
also have a non-zero threshold voltage by addition of a voltage series with diode.
Following figures illustrate the clipping process.
a
b
Fig. 2.6 – Zero Threshold Parallel Clippers
a
b
Fig. 2.7 – Thresholded Parallel Clippers
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2.2.b Clamper Circuits
Clamper Circuits, or briefly clampers are used to change the D.C. level of a
signal to a desired value.( Fig 2.8 ).
Fig 2.8
Being different from clippers, clamping circuits uses a capacitor and a diode
connection. When diode is in its on state, the output voltage equals to diode drop
voltage (ideally zero) plus the voltage source, if any. Now let us examine the
clamping process for the circuit in Fig. 2.9.
Fig 2.9 – Typical Clamping Circuit
As you know, this circuit, in fact, is a series R-C circuit. The resistance of diode
( several ohms above its drop voltage) and the small capacitance yield to a small
time-constant for this circuit. This means that the capacitor will rapidly be charged if
any input voltage, that is enough to swtich on the diode, is applied. The diode will
conduct during the positive cycle of the input signal (Fig. 2.10) and output voltage will
be ideally zero ( in practice this voltage equals ~0.6 V).
Fig 2.10. Diode conducts during positive cycle
Note that during positive cycle the capacitor is rapidly charged in inverse
polarity with the input voltage. After transition to negative cycle, the diode becomes to
its off state. In this case, the output voltage equals to the sum of the input voltage
and the voltage across the terminals of the capacitor which have the same polarity
with each other.(Fig 2.11)
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E0 = - ( |Ei |+ |Ec | )
Fig. 2.11. Diode is switched off during negative cycle
The resulting signal after a complete cycle is shown below.
Fig. 2.12
By this process, the input signal is shifted to negative D.C. value (its maximum
value is ideally zero) without any change in its amplitude ideally.
There exist again modified versions of this circuit inwhich a threshold value is
inserted for clamping. Following figures illustrate these modifications and resulting
outputs.
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2.3 Experiment Equipments
1. KL- 200 Linear Circuit Lab. Device
2. Experiment Module: KL-23001
3. Experiment Instruments: Oscilloscope, Multimeter
4. Connection cables and short-circuit clips
2.4 Procedures
Procedure 1: Series Diode Clipping Circuit
(1) Locate block b of module KL-23001
(2) Insert short-circuit clips refering to Fig. 2.15 a
Fig. 2.15
(3) Using oscilloscope, adjust function generator to 10 V p-p ( 7.07 V rms)
, 1kHz Sine wave. Make a good adjustment since this signal is the common
input signal that will be used during whole experiment.
(4) Adjust oscilloscope divisions until you have a clear view of input signal.
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(5) Disconnect function generator output from oscilloscope and apply this
to TP2.
(6) Examine the output signal by connecting the second channel of
oscilloscope to TP3. Record the plot on Graph 2.1 a.
(7) Turn off all active devices, and reconfigure the short-circuit clips refering
to Fig. 2.15 b.
(8) Only change the generator output from TP2 to TP1.
(9) Again examine the output waveform and plot output waveform on
Graph 2.1.b
a b
Graph 2.1
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Procedure 2: Thresholded Series Diode Clipping Circuit
In this procedure, a threshold value is added to the previous circuit layout.
This is achieved by substitution of lower short-circuit clip with a voltage source.
(1) Turn off all active devices, and connect short-circuit clip and voltage
source ( + 5 V DC) by refering to Fig.2.16-a.
Fig. 2.16
(2) Record the plot of output voltage on Graph 2.2.a (on Pg. 25)
(3) Turn off all active devices, and reconfigure short-circuit clips refering to
Fig.2.16-b.
(4) Plot output waveform on Graph 2.2.b
Turn off all active devices. Now you will apply negative threshold value to
the clipper circuit.
(5) Refering to Fig.2.17-a, reconfigure short circuit clips and substitute +5V
DC source with -5 V DC Source. Do not directly reverse the terminals of
+ 5 V source, this will cause a short circuit !!!
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Fig. 2.17
(6) Observe and plot the output waveform on Graph 2.2.c
(7) Turn off all active devices again and rearrange short circuit clip refering
to Fig.2.17.b
(8) Observe and plot output voltage on Graph 2.2.d
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a b
c d
Graph 2.2
Procedure 3: Parallel Diode Clipping Circuit
(1) Locate block c of module KL-23001
(2) Refer to Fig.2.18-a and arrange short circuit clips.
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a
b
Fig. 2.18
(3) Observe output voltage on TP2 and plot on Graph 2.3.a
(4) Turn off all active devices and rearrange short circuit clips by refering to
Fig. 2.18 b.
(5) Observe output voltage on TP2 and plot on Graph 2.3.b
a b
Graph 2.3
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Procedure 4 : Diode Clamping Circuit
(1) Now locate block e.
(2) Arrange clips according to Fig.2.19-a.
a
b
Fig. 2.19
(3) Observe and plot OUT voltage on Graph 2.4.a
(4) Turn off all active devices and rearrange circuit in Fig. 2.19-b
(5) Again plot OUT voltage on Graph 2.4.b.
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a b
Graph 2.4
2.5 Conclusion
In this experiment you have learned two main types of diode circuits.
• Clippers
• Clampers
Although the clippers are also classified into series and parallel clipping
circuits, both circuits are based on the same principle. In other words, the design of
both circuits utilizes the characteristics of diode that will be forward turned on and will
reversely turned off.
Clampers can be used to change the DC level of an input signal.
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