The document discusses Philippine mythology, focusing on deities of the ancient Tagalog people. It describes the pantheon of Tagalog gods, dividing them into three generations based on their origins. The first generation of supreme gods included Bathala the creator, Amanikable the sea god, and Idiyanale the agriculture god. Their offspring, the second generation, contained deities like Mayari the moon goddess. The document also outlines some harmful deities such as Sitan the devil and his agents of disease and destruction.

1. Ancient Tagalog Deities
Philippine Mythology
by: Jennefer Edrozo
Angeluz Sabunod

2. Pantheon of Ancient Tagalog Gods

3. Philippine mythology is derived from Philippine
folk literature, which is the traditional oral
literature of the Filipino people. This refers to
a wide range of material due to the ethnic
mix of the Philippines. Each unique ethnic
group has its own stories and myths to tell.

4. The stories of ancient Philippine
mythology include deities,
creation stories, mythical
creatures, and beliefs. Ancient
Philippine mythology varies
among the many indigenous
tribes of the Philippines.
Some groups during the pre-
Spanish conquest era believed in
a single Supreme Being who
created the world and everything
in it
 while others chose to worship
a multitude of tree and forest
deities (diwatas).
Diwatas came from the
Sanskrit word devata which
means “deity“, one of the
several significant Hindu
influences in the Pre-Hispanic
religion of the ancient
Filipinos.

5. • The Tagalog people are major ethnic
group in the Philippines. They form a
majority in Manila, Marinduque and
Southern Luzon, and a plurality in
Central Luzon and the islands of
Mindoro, Palawan, and Romblon.

6. Good Tagalog
Deities in Ancient
Philippine
Mythology

7.  First Generation Gods
 Second Generation
Gods
 Third Generation Gods
Generations divided based on
common beliefs about the offspring of the go

8. First
Generation
Gods

9. Bathala The supreme god of the Tagalogs;
creator of man and earth and
addressed sometimes as Bathalang
Maykapal.
 He dwells in Kaluwalhatian
together with the lesser gods and
goddesses.
 Aside from the lesser gods and
goddesses, he sent his anitos in
order to assist the daily lives of
every human.
 When most of the natives were
converted to Christianity during
the Spanish Era, he was referred to
the Christian God.

10. AmanikableThe ill-tempered god of the
sea because among the first
generation gods (aside from
Bathala), he was never
married after his love was
spurned by a beautiful
mortal maiden, Maganda.
In frustration, he swore
vengeance against the
humans by sending
turbulent waves and
horrible tempest in order to
wreck boats and to drown
men.

11. Idiyanale Known by the Tagalogs as the
god of animal husbandry and
aquaculture by others the god
of agriculture,
 the god who is in charge of
animal welfare and aquatic
resources, he usually lives in the
woods and guards the animals
from hunters, also on waters
takes in charge of the fishes and
other marine life.

12. Dumangan• The goddess of
good harvest.
• She was married
to Idiyanale and
had two
offspring.

13. Lakampati
 She is major fertility deity of the ancient
Tagalogs.
 Farmers with their children brought offerings
for him at the fields and invoke him to
protect them from famine. Some sources also
said that food and words are offered to him
by his devotees asking for "water" for their
fields and "fish" when they set sail in the sea
for fishing.
 Lakampati was a hermaphrodite deity and
was commented by some authors and friars
as “the hermaphrodite devil who satisfies his
carnal appetite with men and women”.
 He is identified to the ancient Zambal
goddess Ikapati although he/she also has a
characteristics similar to other Zambal
deities such as Anitong Tawo, Dumangan,
Damulag, Kalasokus, and Kalaskas.

14. Second
Generation
Gods

15. MayariThe goddess of moon
and one of the three
daughters of Bathala to
mortal women.
She was the most
charming of all the
goddesses and had two
sisters namely Tala and
Hanan.

16. TalaThe goddess of the
stars;
sister of Mayari and
Hanan and one of the
three daughters of
Bathala by a mortal
woman.

17. Hanan The goddess of
morning;
 sister of Mayari and
Tala and one of the
three daughters of
Bathala by a mortal
woman.

18. DumakulemThe strong, agile
guardian of mountains
and the son of Idiyanale
and Dumangan.
His sister was Anitun
Tabu.
He later married
Anagolay.

19. Anitun Tabu The fickle-minded
goddess of wind and
rain.
 She was the daughter
of Idiyanale and
Dumangan and the
sister of Dumakulem.

20. AnagolayThe goddess of
lost things and the
only offspring of
Lakapati and
Mapulon.
She was married
to Dumakulem.

21. THIRD GENERATION
GODS
OTHER GODS

23. PHILIPPINE GODS FAMILY TREE BY MOTZIE DAPUL VIA DEVIANTART

24. HARMFUL TAGALOG DEITIES IN
ANCIENT PHILIPPINE MYTHOLOGY

25. THE GUARDIANOF
KASAMAANANDTHE
KEEPER OF ALL SOULS
THEREIN, THE
COUNTERPART OF
SATAN. HE HADFOUR
AGENTS WHOSE TASK
WAS TO LEADMAN TO
Sitan

26. SHE WAS THEFIRSTAGENT OF
SITANAND WAS PRIMARILY
BLAMED AS THECAUSEOF
DISEASES. SOMETIMES, SHE WOULD
CHANGEHERSELF INTOA HUMAN
FORM, APPEARINGAS A FALSE
HEALER. IF SHE WISHEDTO KILL
SOMEONE, SHE EMPLOYEDA MAGIC
WAND.
Manggagaway

27. MANISILAT THE
SECONDAGENTOF
SITAN, SHE WAS TASKED
TO DESTROY AND
BREAK EVERY HAPPY
ANDUNITEDFAMILY
THAT SHE COULDFIND.

28. THE ONLYMALEAGENTOF SITAN, HE
WAS TOEMITFIRE AT NIGHTANDWHEN
THEREWAS BADWEATHER. LIKEHIS
FELLOWAGENTS, HE COULDCHANGE
HISFORMTO THATOF A HEALERAND
THENINDUCEFIREAT HISVICTIM’S
HOUSE. IF THE FIREWERE
EXTINGUISHEDIMMEDIATELY, THE
VICTIMWOULDEVENTUALLYDIE. HIS
NAMEREMAINS TODAYAS WITCH.
Mangkukulam

29. THE LAST AGENTOF SITANCOULD
CHANGEHERSELF INTOANY FORM
SHE DESIRED. SHE COULD KILL
SOMEONE BY SIMPLY RAISINGHER
HANDAND COULDHEAL WITHOUT
ANY DIFFICULTYAS SHE WISHED.
HERNAMELITERALLY MEANS
“CRONE” OR “HAG.”

31. SHE IS THEPRIMORDIAL GODDESSOF
THE OCEANANDPROTECTOROF
FISHERMEN. SHE WASONEOF THE
THREEORIGINAL DEITIES ALONGWITH
BATHALAANDAMIHAN. SHESENT
TEMPESTSINTOTHEHEAVENS, TO
WHICHBATHALARESPONDEDBY
THROWINGBOULDERSWHICHWOULD
BECOMETHE PHILIPPINEISLANDS.
AMIHANFLEWBACKANDFORTH
BETWEENTHEM, MAKINGPEACE.

32. (WANDERING SPIRIT) –
THE WINGED GOD
PRESENT IN SOME
CREATION MYTHS WHO
LOVES TO TRAVEL. HE IS
IDENTIFIEDAS A CLOSE
FRIEND OF BATHALA.
Galang Kaluluwa

33. GOD OF THE SEA.

34. THE PROTECTOR OF
THE GROWING CROPS.
Lakambakod
Lakambakod

35. IS KNOWAS THE“PUREMAIDEN” FORHIS
INCOMPARABLEBEAUTY, IRONIC THATHE
IS A MALEDIWATA. HE WAS ORIGINALLY
KNOWNAS THEGODOF
“KAPURIHAN”(PURITY) ANDIS ALSOTHE
GOD OF FOOD, FESTIVITYANDANTI-
GLUTTONY. WORSHIPEDMAINLYBY MEN:
THEYPRAYTO LAKAMBINI TOLETTHEM
FINDA BEAUTIFUL MAIDENTO WED. AN
OBSCUREDEITYCALLED“ABOGADODELA
GARGANTA” (THROATADVOCATE) BY THE
SPANIARDSANDWASTURNEDINTOTHE
GOD OF GLUTTONY.
Lakambini

36. A PHALLIC GOD.
Lingga

37. (ORPHANEDSPIRIT) – IT IS A
SERPENT GOD PRESENT IN
SOME CREATION MYTHS THAT
WAS KILLEDBY BATHALA
AFTER AN ENSUING RIVAL.
Ulilang Kaluluwa