Phase Change Materials as an Alternative to Thermal Grease for Networking Applications - a technical comparison of Thermal Interface Materials in networking applications. Presented jointly by Juniper Networks and Honeywell Electronic Materials.
Industry thermal trends and an introduction to TIM, PCM technology and advantages. Features the strength of Honeywell Electronic Materials and our Thermal Interface Material. TIM in LED applications.
Industry thermal trends and an introduction to TIM, PCM technology and advantages. Features the strength of Honeywell Electronic Materials and our Thermal Interface Material. TIM in LED applications.
Temperature Cycling and Fatigue in ElectronicsCheryl Tulkoff
The majority of electronic failures occur due to thermally induced stresses and strains caused by excessive differences in coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) across materials.
CTE mismatches occur in both 1st and 2nd level interconnects in electronics assemblies.
-1st level interconnects connect the die to a substrate.
-This substrate can be underfilled so there are both global and local CTE mismatches to consider.
-2nd level interconnects connect the substrate, or package, to the printed circuit board (PCB). This would be considered a “board level” CTE mismatch.
-Several stress and strain mitigation techniques exist including the use of conformal coating.
The purpose of this presentation is to show that accelerated testing can be successfully used to predict solder joint and plated through hole (PTH) fatigue behavior.
Pultrusion is a continuous process for manufacture of composite materials with constant cross-section.
It is more widely used in industries where there is a continuous demand of the product
* Basics of Induction heating and heat treating
* Role and specifics of induction technology in heat treating in automotive parts
* Main processes of induction heat treating of automotive parts
* Computer simulation and optimization of induction processes and heating coils
* Advanced design of induction coils
* Magnetic controllers on induction coils
* Induction coil manufacturing
* Maintenance of induction coils
* Stresses and distortions in the process of induction heating
* Examples of induction heat treating (parts, processes, coils, installations)
* Conclusions
WHAT IS PLASTIC?
A synthetic material made from a wide range of organic polymers such as polyethylene, PVC, nylon, etc., that can be molded into shape while soft, and then set into a rigid or slightly elastic form.
Honeywell Thermal Trends 2016 covering compressible TIM based on PCM Technology. We also examine applications and methods used as well as testing and the results of those tests.
Temperature Cycling and Fatigue in ElectronicsCheryl Tulkoff
The majority of electronic failures occur due to thermally induced stresses and strains caused by excessive differences in coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) across materials.
CTE mismatches occur in both 1st and 2nd level interconnects in electronics assemblies.
-1st level interconnects connect the die to a substrate.
-This substrate can be underfilled so there are both global and local CTE mismatches to consider.
-2nd level interconnects connect the substrate, or package, to the printed circuit board (PCB). This would be considered a “board level” CTE mismatch.
-Several stress and strain mitigation techniques exist including the use of conformal coating.
The purpose of this presentation is to show that accelerated testing can be successfully used to predict solder joint and plated through hole (PTH) fatigue behavior.
Pultrusion is a continuous process for manufacture of composite materials with constant cross-section.
It is more widely used in industries where there is a continuous demand of the product
* Basics of Induction heating and heat treating
* Role and specifics of induction technology in heat treating in automotive parts
* Main processes of induction heat treating of automotive parts
* Computer simulation and optimization of induction processes and heating coils
* Advanced design of induction coils
* Magnetic controllers on induction coils
* Induction coil manufacturing
* Maintenance of induction coils
* Stresses and distortions in the process of induction heating
* Examples of induction heat treating (parts, processes, coils, installations)
* Conclusions
WHAT IS PLASTIC?
A synthetic material made from a wide range of organic polymers such as polyethylene, PVC, nylon, etc., that can be molded into shape while soft, and then set into a rigid or slightly elastic form.
Honeywell Thermal Trends 2016 covering compressible TIM based on PCM Technology. We also examine applications and methods used as well as testing and the results of those tests.
Low pressure Molding could protect LED strip, PCB and magnetic very well. Macromelt & Technomelt as a common molding materials play in an encapsulating and environmentally protection on sensitive electronic components, IC molding sealing, Magnetic over molding and other sensitive components pakage. The main intention is to protect the sensitive electronic components during the molding stress, because high pressure molding would harm the properties of these components. Additionally, low pressure seal molding also protects electronic components against dust, moisture and vibration stress. It is also commonly used for Cable relief and sealing connectors.
IMPROVEMENT OF PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY IN THE WIND ENERGY INDUSTRY THROUGH THE USE OF AN ADVANCED SENSOR SYSTEM , presented at SAMPE-Europe Conference 2017,
Stuttgart, November 15th 2017
emperature control accuracy: compare the measured data with the setted temperature (each temperature zone), takes the maximum value, the value should be less than 1 ℃.
Lateral temperature difference: compare the max tested data with the minimum value (by each temperature zone), the value should be less than 1 ℃.
Thermal compensation capability: the higher over board density, the smaller temperature repeat and better thermal compensation,reference standard ± 2 ℃.
Module effective utilization assessment: Module effective utilization refers to the ratio of the actual efficient hot air time and effective heating theory module, equipment zone effective utilization "preferably should be above 65%, it will be better that can reach 80% or more.
Heat exchange efficiency assessments: estimate the tested temperature difference under the same test conditions.
Purpose
Key to good performance
Problem Areas
Catalysts, heat shields and plant up-rates
Burner Guns
Development of High Intensity Ring Burner
Case Studies
Conclusions
Today, multiple manufacturers have products rated at 230°C poised for market release. The tantalum anode, tantalum pentoxide dielectric and manganese dioxide primary cathode material stand up well to these temperatures, although some optimization of the design and manufacturing process for these materials have been required.
This Paper was Originally Presented at the High Temperature Electronics Network Conference on July, 2015
1. Phase Change Materials:
Alternative to Thermal Grease for
Networking Applications
Susheela Narasimhan
Juniper Networks, Inc.
&
Hyo Xi and Chris Lee
Honeywell Electronics Materials
6. 6
#
Customer
Need
Descrip1on
Requirement
Tests
1
Longevity
Long
warranty
periods;
long
term
thermal
reliability
Constant
thermal
impedance
through
cycling
and
at
least
8-‐10
years
Temperature
and
power
cycling
2
Opera1ng
Condi1ons
Performance
under
harsh
opera@ng
condi@ons;
external
factors
including
temperature,
humidity,
shock,
etc.
Ambient
up
to
40°C
at
customer
site
and
55-‐61°C
in
NEBS
tes@ng
-‐5°C
to
61°C
with
chip
/
heat
sink
interface
at
100
-‐105°C
3
Thermal
Performance
Thermal
dissipa@on
of
extreme
heat
generated
by
high
power
and
high
density
devices
Lowest
thermal
Impedance
Required
Impedance
of
about
0.01
–
0.02°C
in^2
/W
4
Bond
Line
Thickness
Bond
line
thickness
~7-‐8
mil
thickness
in
order
to
meet
lid
and
heat
sink
flatness
requirements
7-‐8
mils
Thermal Needs, Requirements & Test Criteria
7. 7
Issues with Greases in Power Cycling Applications
• Greases are subject to thermal expansion of the heat
sink and ASIC lid during power cycling which can cause
pump out and result in dry-out scenarios of the interface
between the heat sink and the chip
Name of Sensor
Grease
Application
Phase Change
Application
Chip 1
91.0
92.0
Chip 2
92.0
91.2
Chip 3
98.0
97.5
Chip 4
100.0
99.0
PCM Can Provide Equal Thermal Performance as Grease w/o Issue
8. 8
Illustration of Pump Out
Grease pump out and
creation of voids
Phase change application forming
a continuous interface between heat
sink and ASIC lid
9. 9
Key Factors for Thermal Dissipation
• Thermal Impedance
- The lower impedance, the faster heat dissipation
- Interface contact resistance + TIM resistance
• Bulk Conductivity
- The higher conductivity, the faster heat dissipation
• Bond Line Thickness
- The thinner BLT, the faster heat dissipation
• Pre-load Pressure
- Different material has different pressure reflection
• Interface Condition Impact
- Better interface surface condition, faster heat dissipation due to
less void trapped
10. 10
Viscosity
Melt temp
Solid Liquid/gel state
• Optimal Surface wetting
• Low Contact Resistance
• Low Thermal Impedance
Increasing Temperature !
45 °C
Theoretical Curve: PCM Viscosity vs. Temperature
11. 11
PCM Polymer
• Higher Molecular Weight
- Structural integrity
• Long Chain Polymer Structure
vs.
PCM
• Short Chain
• Good Flow-ability, wetting
but…
• Potential for Migration, Dry-
Out and Pump-Out Issues
• Long Chain
• Stable and Consistent Filler
• Minimizes Filler Migration /
Separation Over Accelerated
Life Test (HTB, Temp Cycle)
Grease
PCM Polymer Structure Enables Reliable, Long-Term Performance
12. 12
Honeywell
PCM
Initial 1000 cycles
Silicone
Grease
Thermal Cycling Test Condition:
• -55°Cx10min + 125°Cx10 min, for 500 to 1000 cycles
• Sandwich PCM & grease between aluminum and glass plates set at 200µm gap
• TI Test : ASTM D5470
Thermal Cycle (-55 °C to 125 °C)
vs. Grease
HEM PCM vs. Silicone Grease
Grease breaks down Grease TI degrades
Silicone Grease
Honeywell PCM
Honeywell Provides Stable Polymer Structure with No Pump-Out Issue
13. 13
Honeywell
PCM
Initial 400 hr
Silicone
Grease
High Temperature Baking (HTB) Test Condition:
• HTB = 150°C
• PCM & thermal grease dispensed on smoked glass plates
• TI Test : ASTM D5470
High Temp Bake at 150 °C
vs. Grease
Oil bleeding from grease Grease TI degrades
0.09 0.110.12
1.78
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60
1.80
2.00
Initial Baking 400 Hr
Honeywell PCM
Competitor grease
HEM PCM vs. Silicone Grease
Silicone Grease
Honeywell PCM
Honeywell PCM Does Not Suffer From Silicone Oil Bleed
14. 14
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
0 200 400 600 800 1000
ThermalImpedance(°C-cm2/W)
Hours
High Temperature Bake at 150 °C
TI vs. Hours of Exposure
PTM3180
Grease A
Grease B
Test Condition: 150°C continuous baking
Test Method: Laser Flash, ASTM E1461
PTM5000
Significantly Better Reliability Than Silicone Grease
Thermal Reliability: PCM vs. Silicone Greases
15. 15
Honeywell PCM Technology
• Fundamentally three primary
components in PCM
• Each are vital to robust
polymer matrix integrity and
filler optimization
• Filler
- Thermal
• Wax/Polymer
- Structural integrity
• Additives
- Cross linking, ATO, etc
TIM
Performance
and
Reliability
Thermal
Filler
Wax/
Polymer
Additives
PCM Formulation is Critical to Performance
16. 16
Extended Reliability: PTM6000
ASTM E1461
• Thermal Stability >3000 hrs @ 150°C
• HAST > 192hrs@ 130°C/85%RH
• Superior Reliability
High Temperature Baking TI vs. Time
Polymer Chemistry Enables Improved Reliability
HAST TI vs. Time
17. 17
Improved Thermal Impedance: PTM7000
• Lower Thermal Impedance: <0.06 oCcm2/W @ Thinnest BLT
• Wider Process Window for Pre-Load Pressure Range
• Test Data demonstrated on Thermal Test Vehicle
Test Method: Cut bar, ASTM D5470
PTM7000 Demonstrates Lower Thermal Impedance
18. 18
TTV Results
TTV (thermal test vehicle) study
Design of TTV
CPU/GPU chip height delta 50um
PTM5000PTM7000 Grease
19. 19
Summary
• Increased power densities of network devices
challenge the performance and reliability of Thermal
Interface Materials
• Accelerated life tests are critical to TIM selection
criteria
• Robust polymer chemistry of Phase Change Materials
enables low thermal impedance with proven long
term thermal stability and reliability