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pharmacognosy of coca
- 1. COCA
- 2. INTRODUCTON Coca is plant in the Erythroxylanaceae native to western south America. The coco plant grows to a height of 2 to 3 meters. The branches are straight and the leaves are thin,opaque and oval. Leaves are areolated. FLOWER The flowers are small and disposed in clusters on short stalks. The corolla is composed of 5 petals. FRUITS The fruits are in the form of berries. The color of the berries is red.
- 3. Fig– FLOWER AND BERRIES
- 4. HISTORY Traces of coca leaves are found in northern Peru dates the commercial chewing with lime 8000 years back. Other evidence pf coca traces are found in Mummies dating 3000 years back in Chile. Coca chewing was originally been limited to the Andes The plant was believed having divine qualities and the cultivation became a subject of state monopoly of the king of Inca. It was only after the decline of Inca kingdom the plant become available to the common public. Coca was first introduced in Europe in 16th century but did not become popular until mid 19th century with publication of an influential paper by Dr.Poalo.
- 5. CONTINED 3000 BC- leaves are chewed throughout the s.America, coca believed to be a gift of God. 1708 AD – Coca first mentioned in Meteria medica. 1850 – coca tincture used in throat surgery. 1855 – Cocaine extracted from coca leaves for the first time. 1884 – Used as local anesthetic in eye surgery.
- 6. CONTINUED 1886 – Cocaine introduced in newly launched soft drink – coca cola 1901 – cocaine removed form coca cola 1905 – Snorting cocaine in the form of powder became popular. !912 – U.S Govt reported 5000 death in 1 yr. due cocaine. 1914 – Cocaine banned in U..S
- 8. SYNONYMS BLOW YAY BOLVIAN MARCHING POWDER BOOST YAYO YOLA ICE SNOW WHITE LADY
- 9. BIOLOGICAL SOURCE The drug is obtained from the leaves of Erythroxylon coca. FAMILY Erythroxylonaceae.
- 10. GEORAPHICAL SOURCE The plant is found in entire region covered by the Andes mountain range. The countries falling under this range are- 1. ARGENTINA 2. BOLIVIA 3. CHILE 4. COLUMBIA 5. ECUADOR 6. PERU And 7. VENEZUELA
- 11. GEOGRAPHICAL SOURCE N MAP
- 12. EXPORT
- 13. DESCRITION COLOUR - Leaves are green, berries are red and flowers are white. ODOUR - Characteristics TASTE - Bitter SIZE - 2-3 cm wide and 3-11 cm wide SHAPE - Oval
- 14. CULTIVATION Cultivated at an altitude of 500-2000 m Propagation is done by sowing the seeds in nursery beds. Transplantation is done when the seedlings reach an height of 15-20 cm. The transplantation is done in the slopes of the mountains, where water cannot log. The drug is isolated from the leaves of the plant. The leaves are collected over a period of 3 years.
- 15. Image
- 16. CHEMICAL CONSTITUENT The drug contain 0.7 – 1.5% of total Alkaloid. The majority are tropane esters like - 1. COCAINE 2. ECGONINE 3. BENZOYL ECGONINE 4. SENAMOLE ECGONINE
- 18. P0HARMACOLOGY Desensitizes the terminal nerve on local application. When taken i.v or inhaled stimulates the cerebral cortex. METABOLISM Site – Liver Half life – 30-90min.
- 20. TOXICOLOGY ACUTE EFFECT – 1. EUPHOBIA 2. INCREASED ENERGY 3. MENTAL ALERTNESS 4. INCREASED HEART RATE 5. VASOCONSTRICTION 6. DILATEES PUPIL
- 21. CONTINUED LONG TERM EFFECT – 1. POWERFUL ADDICTIVE DRUG 2. RHINORRHEA 3. ASTHAMA 4. LATHERGY 5. INCREASED RISK OF BRAIN STROCK. 6. PARANOIA
- 23. TRADITIONAL USES USED AS STIMULANT USED AGAINST ALTITUDE SICKNESS AS ANALGESIC AS ANESTHETIC
- 24. COMMERCIAL USES USED IN FOOD INDUSTRY IN ENERGY DRINK AS ANESTHETIC AS STIMULANT
- 26. PREPARATION COMMERCIAL ENERGY DRINK COCA COLA LIQUID COCAINE
- 27. REFERENCE WIKIPEDIA JERALD EEDWIN “BOOK OF PHARMACOLOGY”