Syrups are concentrated sugar solutions used to dissolve and administer medicinal substances. They are ideal for children because the sugar masks bitter tastes. Syrups are homogeneous solutions while suspensions have unevenly dispersed particles. Syrup preparation involves dissolving ingredients in heated water or with agitation. Common ingredients include active drugs, preservatives, sweeteners, and solvents. The manufacturing process for paracetamol syrup involves dissolving the drug in a solution of glycerin and PEG 6000, then adding this to heated water and sucrose to form a transparent, flavored syrup.

2. Syrups
Syrups are a concentrated solution of a sugar mixed in
water or other aqueous liquid

3. Medicinal Syrups
In medical terminology, medicinal syrups or syrupus are
nearly saturated solutions of sugar in water in which
medicinal substances or drugs are dissolved. Basically, it is
an oral suspension in liquid form.

4. CHARACTERSTICS SYRUPS SUSPENSIONS
DEFINITION Is a pharmaceutical solution
that completely dissolves into
its solvent with the
distribution of drugs withing
solution.
Is drug mixture whereby drug
particles do not fully dissolve
into the solvent
SOLVENT SOLUTION Dissolved in different types of
solvents including co-solvents
Are dissolved in water
IDEAL FOR YOUNGER
CHILDREN
Are idea of younger children
because the sugar wards off
any bitter taste
May not be ideal for children
due to undesirable taste
Ideal for Diabetic Patient Is not ideal for diabetic
patient due to high sugar
content
Is ideal for diabetic patient
because of low sugar content

5. Solution Suspension
Homogenous Heterogenous
Particles evenly dispersed Un even dispersion
Solute and Solvent are in same
phase
Suspended particles can be in a
different phase than the
medium
Transparent Cloudy
NaCl or Sugar in water Milk of Magnesi

6. ADVANTAGES OF SYRUPS
EASY TO ADMINISTERAPPROPRIATE FOR PATIENT
ECONOMICAL & SAFE NO NURSING CARE

7. DIS-ADVANTAGES OF SYRUPS
NOT SUITABLE FOR EMERGENCYDELAYED ONSET OF ACTION
NOT CONVENIENT WITH GI
DISORDERS
CAN’T AVOID FIRST PASS
METABOLISM

8. COMPOSITION OF SYRUPS
ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENT PRESERVATIVES
SWEETNING AGENT VISCOSITY MODIFIER
FLAVORANT & COLORANT SOLVENT/VEHICLE

11. METHOD OF PREPARATION
SOLUTION WITH HEAT AGITATION WITHOUT HEAT
ADDITION OF SUCROSE PERCOLATION METHOD

12. SOLUTION WITH HEAT
INCREASE OF TEMPERATURE TO 85 OC
TAKE OFF FROM HEAT SOURCE
ADD SUCROSE & SHAKE THOROUGHLY
VOLATILE & HEAT SENSITIVE INGREDEITNS ARE ADDED AT ROOM TEMPERATURE
DURING HEATING SUCROSE HYDROLYZE INTO ITS MONOMERS
INVERSION OCCURS OF MONOMERS
INVERSION LEADS TO DARKENING OF SOLUTION

13. AGITATION WITHOUT
HEAT
VESSEL MADE UP OF STAINLESS STEEL OR GLASS
VESSEL MUST BE LARGER THAN DESIRED VOLUME
INGREDIENTS ADDED AS PER FORMULA TO WATER
IT IS BETTER TO DISSOLVE INGREDIENTS FIRST IN WATER & THEN ADD TO SYRUP
THIS RESULTS IN EASY MIXING AS SUGAR SOLUTION IS MORE VISCOUS

14. ADDITION OF SUCROSE TO
LIQUID MEDICAMENT
THE METHOD IS GENERALLY USED FOR FLUID EXTRACTS
SUBSTANCE SOLUBLE IN ALCOHOL WILL PRECIPITATE WHEN WATER ADDED
AN ALTERNATE IS TO DISSOLVE ALL INGREDIENTS IN WATER FIRST
FILTER OUT THE PRECIPITATE
SUCROSE IS ADDED
THE METHOD IS OF NO USE IF THE PPT CONTAIN API

15. PERCOLATION METHOD
PRINCIPLE OF PERCOLATION IS USED
A SUCROSE BED IS PREPARED & THEN DISSOLVED API IS PASSED
SUCROSE BED SHOULD BE COARSE & SHAPE OF PERCOLATOR MUST BE CYLINDRICAL

17. MANUFACTURING OF PARACETAMOL SYRUP

18. PART - 1
HEAT GLYCERIN FOR 50 0C & ADD IN STEP 1 SOLUTION WITH CONTINOUS STIRRING
HEAT PEG 6000 AT 50 OC & ADD PARACETAMOL IN IT. STIR FOR 30 MINUTES
STIRR THE SOLUTION FOR 20 MINUTES TO OBTAIN TRANSPARENT SOLUTION
HEAT WATER AT 50 0C WITH CONTINOUS STIRRING
ADD SOLUTION (PEG 6000 + PARACETAMOL + GLYCERIN) IN WATER

19. PART - 2
FILTER ABOVE SOLUTION THROUGH FILTER PRESS
WEIGH ACCURATELY SUCROSE & ADD IT IN 65 OC WATER WITH STIRRING
ADD CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE, PRESERVATIVES & SWEETNERS

20. PART - 3
CHECK pH OF ABOVE SOLUTION
SLOWLY ADD PART 1 SOLUTION IN PART 2
IF pH IS NOT IN BETWEEN 3.80-6.10, THEN ADD CITRIC ACID TO ADJUST pH
ADD COLOUR AND FLAVOUR TO ABOVE SOLUTION
MAKE UP VOLUME BY WATER. CLEAR, TRANSPARENT PARACETAMOL SYRUP IS OBTAINED