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The document discusses polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles. It describes PET as a plastic resin made from ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid monomers. PET was first synthesized in the 1940s and was later used to create plastic bottles in 1973. The production process for PET bottles involves either extrusion or injection molding to form the bottles, which are then blow molded into shape. PET bottles are commonly used for packaging foods and beverages due to PET's clarity, strength and light weight. Recycled PET can be used to create new products like fiber, carpet, and food/beverage containers.
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Design method. material study
The document summarizes different types of plastics, their manufacturing processes, properties, and applications. It discusses key plastics like High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), Polypropylene (PP), Polystyrene (PS), and Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC). For each plastic, it describes the manufacturing process, physical and chemical properties, and common products made from the material. The core plastic manufacturing techniques covered are injection molding, extrusion molding, and thermoforming.
Polyester Manufacturing and Polystyrene.pptx
- Polyester is a polymer containing an ester functional group in each repeating unit of its main chain. Common polyesters include polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT).
- PET is produced from ethylene glycol and purified terephthalic acid or its ester, and is used to make polyester fibers, films, and beverage bottles. PBT has good chemical and heat resistance and is used for electrical components and automotive parts.
- Unsaturated polyesters are produced from glycols and acids or anhydrides and cured into thermoset polymers used in applications like fiberglass composites. Specialty polyesters include cast films
Bacterial degradation of plastic
Today the world is facing problem related to spread of plastic all around us which cause infection and pollution. PET {poly(ethylene terephthalate)} is extensively used throughout the world. PET is made from petroleum and is widely used in textile industries and plastic bottles. Most of the PET product simply end up by land filling and never enter the recycling process. About 56 million ton of PET was produce worldwide in 2013 alone. Currently the only PET products being recycled are bottles, but the amount of recycled account are just 37% of the total production volume of PET bottle i.e. 6.13 million tons. Currently the chemical method is being used to recycle PET waste, which is quite energy consuming process and shows only assimilation of PET waste. Various microorganisms have also been reported to assimilate PET waste. However, assimilation is not the final solution of this problem as it is only a partial degradation. Recently, a novel microorganism Ideonella sakaiensis strain 201-F6 has been identified which uses PET as an energy resource and is able to produce environment friendly bi products such as ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid. Scientists also discovered two enzymes (PETase and MHETase) produced by the strain 201-F6 which hydrolyze PET. Based on the property of PETase and MHETase it is now understood that the strain 201-F6 is capable to use PET as its major energy source and convert it into easily degradable components.
Materials Manufacturing presentation .pptx
The basic content materials of plastic bottle known as pet.
Why we Need Plastic Recycling ?
Plastic recycling is an important term. Because the world became afraid on the amount of plastic waste.Plastic is a non-biodegradable material. So the decomposition of plastic materials is needed large efforts. The ordinary way likes dumping, burning cause the pollution.
Butadiene based addition polymer
This document discusses the resin identification coding system used internationally to identify different types of plastic polymers. It provides details on 7 common plastic codes:
1) PETE (polyethylene terephthalate) used for water/soda bottles and fibers;
2) HDPE (high density polyethylene) for milk jugs and detergent bottles;
3) PVC (polyvinyl chloride) for pipes, flooring, and furniture;
4) LDPE (low density polyethylene) for bags and food packaging;
5) PP (polypropylene) for yogurt containers and bottle caps;
6) PS (polystyrene) for disposable food packaging and cups;
7
Plastic eggs average
1. The document describes the properties and manufacturing of plastic egg packaging made of materials like PVC, PP, PS, and PET.
2. PET (polyethylene terephthalate) is a strong, stiff thermoplastic polymer that is used in food and liquid containers. It has good gas barrier properties and resistance to chemicals except alkalis.
3. Recycled PET packaging can be cleaned, crushed, and spun into fabrics for clothing through a process of sorting, baling, and thermal forming.
Manufacturing Processes of Plastic Bottle
The document discusses plastic bottles and their manufacturing process. It begins by defining plastic and bottles. The main material used to make plastic bottles is polyethylene terephthalate (PET) which is strong, light and recyclable. The manufacturing process of plastic bottles involves blowing pre-formed PET material into molds to form the bottle shape. Local company Golden PET Industries in Malaysia produces high quality PET bottles, preforms and closures for domestic and international markets.
packaging
The document discusses packaging for the food and beverage industry. It defines food, beverages, and packaging. It then covers types of non-alcoholic beverages like carbonated beverages, fruit beverages, tea, and coffee. It discusses their packaging requirements to prevent deterioration like moisture, oxygen, and microbial growth. It also covers alcoholic beverages like beer, wine, and distilled spirits and their packaging in bottles or cans to prevent flavor loss and maintain quality. Overall, it examines the packaging needs of various food and drinks to protect quality during storage and distribution.
Day 2 - Turning Waste Into Worth (2019-1-ES02-KA105-012751)
Erasmus + Training course – Turning Waste Into Worth (2019-1-ES02-KA105-012751) organized by Asociación PROJUVEN
Asad (1)
Over 60 million tons of polyethylene is produced each year, making it the most important plastic globally. It is used widely in film, packaging, and containers for bottles, buckets, and more. High-density polyethylene (HDPE) is blow molded into household chemical containers and industrial packaging drums. Polyethylene film is extensively used to wrap foods. Polyethylene is a thermoplastic polymer made of long hydrocarbon chains. Its melting point varies depending on crystallinity and molecular weight, ranging from 120 to 180°C for common grades of medium- and high-density polyethylene. Polyethylene has excellent chemical resistance and is resistant to gentle oxidants and reducing agents.
26sec4
Polymers are large molecules formed from smaller molecules called monomers. There are two main types of polymers: addition polymers and condensation polymers. Addition polymers are formed when unsaturated monomers react through addition reactions, examples include polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and polyvinyl chloride. Condensation polymers are formed through condensation reactions with the loss of water or another small molecule, examples include polyethylene terephthalate, nylon, and Kevlar. Plastics are identified by code numbers that indicate the type of polymer resin used, such as PETE for polyethylene terephthalate in water bottles.
26sec4
Polymers are large molecules formed from smaller molecules called monomers. There are two main types of polymers: addition polymers and condensation polymers. Addition polymers are formed when unsaturated monomers react through addition reactions, examples include polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and polyvinyl chloride. Condensation polymers are formed through condensation reactions with the loss of water or another small molecule, examples include polyethylene terephthalate, nylon, and Kevlar. Plastics are identified by code numbers that indicate the type of polymer resin used, such as PETE for polyethylene terephthalate in water bottles.
Plastic recycling
Plastic waste is a growing problem, with an estimated 3 million tonnes produced annually in India alone. Currently only 7% is recycled. Various types of plastics are identified by numbers 1-7 based on their chemical makeup. The top two recycled types are PETE (1) and HDPE (2) which can be used to make new bottles and other products. While recycling saves energy and resources over producing new plastic, it also faces challenges like cost, contamination between types, and potential health issues from recycled materials. Researchers are working on ways to use waste plastic as a fuel source without pollution as an alternative to dumping in landfills. Individual actions like refusing plastic straws and reusing containers can help reduce plastic waste
Lesson 8.docx
This document discusses plastics used for food packaging. It provides details on several types of plastics including polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, ethylene vinyl acetate, polyamide, polyvinyl chloride, and polystyrene. For each plastic, the document describes the material's properties, applications in food packaging, and how it is processed. The key applications of these plastics discussed are bottles, films, flexible packaging, rigid containers, and components of other packaging structures.
Bacterial degradation of pet
This document discusses plastic and the bacterium Ideonella sakaiensis. It introduces common types of plastics like PET and describes properties and production of PET. It then discusses the discovery of I. sakaiensis, a bacterium able to break down PET into its monomers through two enzymes. While I. sakaiensis currently breaks down PET films slowly, its discovery could improve plastic recycling by providing a more environmentally friendly degradation process compared to chemical methods.
Polyesters
Polyesters are polymers formed from dicarboxylic acids and diols. The most commonly used polyester is polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which is formed from terephthalic acid and ethane-1,2-diol. PET has many applications including clothing fibers, plastic bottles, and food packaging. It is a rigid polymer with a high melting point that provides strength and does not discolor in light. The structure and properties of PET allow it to be formed into fibers with molecules arranged in one direction, films with molecules in two directions, or packaging with molecules in three directions.
Novatex Internship Report
The document is an internship report prepared by two interns, Zeeshan Ahmed and Sharjeel Zaheer, for their internship at the Chemical Engineering department of Novatex Limited from May 24th to June 23rd, 2012. It provides an overview of Novatex Limited and its parent company, Gatron (Industries) Ltd, including information on the company history, products, production processes, and departments visited by the interns during their time there such as polycondensation, batch preparation, utilities, and the laboratory.
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Day 2 - Turning Waste Into Worth (2019-1-ES02-KA105-012751)
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Sectional views show the internal structure and details of an object that are hidden from a regular external view. There are several types of sections that can be used:
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Parts of speech
Parts of speech
Noun:
The name of ideas and thoughts.
Kind Of Noun:
There are many kinds of noun i.e.
Proper Noun:
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Common Noun:
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Pet bottle2
- 2. GROUP MEMBERS Hassan Shehwar Shah UET-12-ME-SCET-24 Asif Durez UET-12-ME-SCET-02
- 3. TOPIC Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottle
- 4. WHAT IS PET BOTTLE • It's A Plastic Resin And The Most Common Type Of Polyester. Two Monomers Modified Ethylene Glycol and Purified Terephthalic acid are combined to Form the Polymer Called Polyethylene Terephthalate.
- 5. PET BOTTLE HISTORY • PET was first synthesized in North America in the mid-1940s by DuPont chemists searching for new synthetic fibers. • In the late 1950s, researchers found a way to stretch a thin extruded sheet of PET in two directions to create PET film, which is now used extensively for video, photo and packaging films. • , the technology was developed for blow-stretch molding PET into bottles. The PET bottle was patented in 1973
- 6. Raw Material of PET Bottle • The raw material used in manufacturing of PET Bottles/ Preforms is Polyethylene Teraphthalate. Polyethylene tetraphthalate is a polymer that is formed by combining two monomers called modified ethylene glycol and purified teraphthalic acid
- 7. Production process for polyethylene terephthalate (PET) PET Bottle can be made by two method. • Extrusion Process • injection process
- 8. Extrusion process • is fed into an extrusion barrel where it is heated and melted and forced to flow through a die opening by means of a rotating screw.
- 9. Blow Molding • Air pressure is used to inflate soft plastic into a mold cavity. Blow molding is accomplished in two steps • Fabrication of a starting tube of molten plastic , called a parison • Inflation of the tube to the desired final shape • Formation of the parison is accomplished by either extrusion or injection molding
- 10. Blow Molding
- 11. Injection Molding • It is a processes in which polymer is heated to a highly plastic state and forced to flow under high pressure into a mold cavity, where it solidifies.
- 12. Stretch Blow Molding • injection molding is used to form the starting parison. • In Stretch blow molding the blowing rod extends downward into the injection molded parison, thus stretching the soft plastic and creating a more favorable stressing of the polymer than conventional injection processes. • The resulting structure is more rigid, with higher transparency and better impact resistance.
- 13. Production process for polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
- 14. Application of PET Bottle • Major application areas of PET bottles are carbonated soft drinks, Mineral water packing, Syrups, Edible oil packing, Butter and Mayonnaise, Wine, Liquor and spirit packing, Sauce, jam and squashes packaging, Agro chemical packaging and house hold containers. • Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a commonly used plastic in the packaging industry. • PET is a clear, strong, and lightweight plastic that is widely used for packaging foods and beverages, especially convenience-sized soft drinks, juices and water. Virtually all single-serving and 2-liter bottles of carbonated soft drinks and water sold in the U.S. are made from PET.
- 15. PET Bottle Can Be Recycled • Recycled PET is used for man end Products Including Fiber, Fiberfill, Carpet, Strapping Food & Non Food Bottle & Take out Containers. • PET reclaimers wash, grind & further process PET containers for re-use in new products. • Jackets & automotive parts can be made by recycled PET.