Pervious or porous concrete is a special type of concrete with a high porosity that allows water to pass directly through it. This is achieved through a mix with a highly interconnected void content of around 20-35% and the absence of fine aggregates. Pervious concrete has environmental benefits like reducing stormwater runoff and replenishing groundwater, but also has disadvantages like being susceptible to clogging. It has a range of applications in pavements, sports courts, and other surfaces. Proper mix design, placement, finishing, curing and maintenance are important to ensure the permeability and strength of pervious concrete.
Pervious concrete (also called porous concrete, permeable concrete, no fines concrete and porous pavement) is a special type of concrete with a high porosity used for concrete flatwork applications that allows water from precipitation and other sources to pass directly through, thereby reducing the runoff from a site and allowing groundwater recharge. ...
pervious concrete cost vs concrete
pervious concrete cost
pervious concrete paving
pervious concrete driveway
pervious concrete companies
pervious concrete installation
pervious concrete patio
pervious concrete cost per yard
interesting civil engineering topics
civil engineering topics for presentation
civil seminar topics ppt
civil engineering seminar topics 2018
best seminar topics for civil engineering
seminar topics pdf
seminar topics for mechanical engineers
seminar topic for civil engineering pdf
Pervious concrete (also called porous concrete, permeable concrete, no fines concrete and porous pavement) is a special type of concrete with a high porosity used for concrete flatwork applications that allows water from precipitation and other sources to pass directly through, thereby reducing the runoff from a site and allowing groundwater recharge. ...
pervious concrete cost vs concrete
pervious concrete cost
pervious concrete paving
pervious concrete driveway
pervious concrete companies
pervious concrete installation
pervious concrete patio
pervious concrete cost per yard
interesting civil engineering topics
civil engineering topics for presentation
civil seminar topics ppt
civil engineering seminar topics 2018
best seminar topics for civil engineering
seminar topics pdf
seminar topics for mechanical engineers
seminar topic for civil engineering pdf
Civil Engineering presentation topic. Its a green house building material, environment friendly and has wide application in constructions related to civil engineering projects.
Here, I attach a PowerPoint presentation created by me for a competition held by UltraTech. Have a look at this and feel free to share your views with me.
This document is prepared for our major project submission for B.tech degree. the project deals with improvement of compressive strength of pervious concrete with out affecting its permeability property much.
what is polymer concrete, types, properties, material used in manufacturing process , manufacturing process, applications and their advantages. case study on polymer composite concrete.
Concrete is the most widely used construction material in India with annual consumption exceeding 100 million cubic meters.
High performance concrete is a concrete in which certain characteristics are developed for a particular application and environment, so that it will give excellent performance in the structure in which it will be placed.
A high-strength concrete is always a high performance concrete, but a high-performance concrete is not always a high-strength concrete.
High volume fly ash concrete is a concrete where a replacement of about 35% or more of cement is made with the usage of fly ash.
Fly ash concrete is an eco-friendly construction material in which fly ash replaces a part of Portland cement.
In this presentation you will get to learn about the pervious concrete -
What is pervious concrete
History
Need of pervious concrete
Mix design
Applications
Advantages
Disadvantages
Civil Engineering presentation topic. Its a green house building material, environment friendly and has wide application in constructions related to civil engineering projects.
Here, I attach a PowerPoint presentation created by me for a competition held by UltraTech. Have a look at this and feel free to share your views with me.
This document is prepared for our major project submission for B.tech degree. the project deals with improvement of compressive strength of pervious concrete with out affecting its permeability property much.
what is polymer concrete, types, properties, material used in manufacturing process , manufacturing process, applications and their advantages. case study on polymer composite concrete.
Concrete is the most widely used construction material in India with annual consumption exceeding 100 million cubic meters.
High performance concrete is a concrete in which certain characteristics are developed for a particular application and environment, so that it will give excellent performance in the structure in which it will be placed.
A high-strength concrete is always a high performance concrete, but a high-performance concrete is not always a high-strength concrete.
High volume fly ash concrete is a concrete where a replacement of about 35% or more of cement is made with the usage of fly ash.
Fly ash concrete is an eco-friendly construction material in which fly ash replaces a part of Portland cement.
In this presentation you will get to learn about the pervious concrete -
What is pervious concrete
History
Need of pervious concrete
Mix design
Applications
Advantages
Disadvantages
Concrete -
The most used construction material.
In here a brief about its -
Ingredients
Grades
Production &
Properties
are discussed with appropriate pictorial presentation making it quite simpler for understanding.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
2. FLOODING SITUATION IN COUNTRY AS ON DATE
VIDEOS OF FLOOD CONDITION IN INDIA
AVAILABLE ONLINE
3. BACKGROUND : WHY PERVIOUS ?
• Construction boom has taken place, cities and suburbs are constantly
expanding and have become densely populated .
• Areas with vegetation have now been replaced by infrastructure.
• Resulting in greatly disrupting the natural water cycle
• Excessive use of impervious covering poses challenge of increased runoff
volumes, bank erosions, flooding and the degradation of water quality.
• Problem pose considerable risk to the sustainable development of cities
and suburban areas.
• It s a serious matter that requires immediate attention and a viable
solution.
• Various options exists to water harvesting and ground water table
recharging is most common and prevailing in cities is one of the solution
• Other available options cant be ruled out
• Interlocking tiles.
• Porous Concrete.
6. DEMO ON POROUS CONCRETE
VIDEOS OF FLOOD CONDITION IN INDIA
AVAILABLE ONLINE
7. CONTENTS
• Introduction#
• Mix Proportion
• Properties
• Variation in strength and rupture.
• Environmental benefits
• Disadvantages
• Application
• Construction Demo
• Conclusion.
8. INTRODUCTION
• Same basic constituents as conventional concrete
except 15% to 30% of its volume consists of an
interconnected void.
• Mixture of Cement, Coarse aggregate and with or
without sand (Fine aggregate).
• Has enough cementitious paste to coat the coarse
aggregate
• Preserves the interconnectivity of the voids.
• Allows water to pass through the concrete.
Pervious or Porous Concrete
9. LITERATURE REVIEW
INTRODUCTION TO PERVIOUS CONCRETE
• Pervious concrete is both a pavement and a storm water mgt
tool.
• Pavement
• Used for pavement in parking lot.
• Sidewalk‐like applications.
• Occasionally used on low‐volume roads.
• Storm Water Mgt Tool.
• Allows rainwater infiltration.
• Reduces the size or eliminate the need for storm water
retention ponds .
• Eliminates the cost of curb and gutter and connecting to the
city storm sewer.
• Reduces the need for infrastructure.
10. • Pervious concrete is a reliable storm-water
management tool
• Regions without freeze/thaw cycles protected
from im-permeability,
• Not subject to frequent heavy vehicle loads.
• Ensure sufficient cement paste hydrates.
• Prevent clogging
• Ensure no structural failures ie structural
integrity
• Ensure desired workability
11. HISTORY: PERVIOUS CONCRETE
• In use since the 19th century.
• Europe: late 1800s to mid 20th century to build houses.
• In 1948, over 250,000 homes had been built in UK.
• Use incr esp after WWII- Paucity of building materials in Europe and Russia .
• In US from mid 1970’s when the constr industry considered reducing energy
costs and exploring alternatives.
• In the 1990s and early 2000s, pervious concrete was explored as a wear course
on high-speed roads in Europe and Japan. In this application, the pervious
concrete served as a noise reducer and safety measure. The pervious
concrete’s interconnected void network attenuates noise and removes water
from the vehicle wheel path, which effectively improves road safety due to
skid resistance.
• Research conducted in the United States also investigated the sound
attenuation function of pervious concrete pavements for both high-speed and
low-volume roads .
• In 2000s, research in the US focused on mix design, permeability, and
structural durability.
12. ROLE OF PERVIOUS CONCRETE IN
SUSTAINABILITY INITIATIVES
From a sustainability perspective, pervious concrete serves many purposes.
•The pervious surface allows rainwater to remain at the site on which it
falls.
•This aids in recharging local aquifers whereas storm sewer systems remove
most storm water that falls on impervious surfaces.
•Because pervious concrete is lighter in colour than typical asphalt
pavement, its use as a parking lot surface reduces the urban heat island
effect .
•Pervious concrete has also been credited with removing excess nutrients
from storm water, which reduces nutrient pollution of nearby bodies of
water.
•Because of these uses, pervious concrete is considered a sustainable
building material.
•It can assist a building owner in the earning of points for Green Building
certification GRIHA .
13. •Lack of research.
•Specific to service conditions in high altitude
environ( freeze/thaw regions).
•Maintenance.
•Rheological properties.
•Sound structural design.
•Long-term viability.
•Heterogeneous cement hydration showed the
most distresses.
PROBLEM AREAS
14. • Special type of concrete with
high porosity.
• Allows water from precipi-
tation and other sources to
pass directly through the
concrete
• The high porosity is attained
by a highly interconnected
void content.
• No fines concrete
INTRODUCTION
15. • Why do we require porous concrete?
PERVIOUS OR POROUS CONCRETE
• Reduced ground water
recharge
• Water wastage in terms of
surface runoff.
• City road Ponding.
• City Floods.
17. Pervious Concrete Constituents
• Pervious concrete maintains its interconnected void volume because of a single
sized or narrowly graded aggregate and dense cement paste that thinly coats
each aggregate without filling the aggregate‐created voids .
• The size of the pervious concrete aggregates used for drainage are typically ¼
in. to ¾ in., and the type of aggregates typically used are crushed limestone,
granite, or gravel.
• Fine aggregates are sometimes incorporated into pervious concrete, but this
practice also decreases permeability.
• In addition to aggregate, water, and cement, admixtures such as water
reducers, set retarders, air‐entrainers and pozzolanas are added to pervious
concrete.
• As indicated by a 2004 National Ready Mixed Concrete Association (NRMCA)
report, pervious concrete mix constituents fall in the following ranges:
• Cement : 300‐600 lb/yd = 150‐300 kg/m
• Coarse Aggregate: 2,400‐2,700 lb/yd = 1200‐1350 kg/m
• Fines : 0 lb/yd = 0 kg/m
• W/Cement ratio : = 0.27 to 0.43
19. PROPERTIES OF PERVIOUS CONCRETE
Ser Properties Range
1. Density 1600 2000 Kg/m³
2. Void 20 35 %
3. Permeability 120 320 L/m²/min
4. Compressive
strength
3.5 28 MPa
5. Flexural
strength
1 3.8 MPa
6. Shrinkage 200x10¯⁶
7. Freeze Thaw Entrained air improves freeze
and thaw protection
20. PERVIOUS CONCRETE PROPERTIES
Strength
•Strength and material properties are determined by paste strength,
aggregate type, and volume of interconnected voids.
•Compared to conventional concretes with similar quantities of
cementitious materials, Pervious concrete exhibits.
• Lower unit weight.
• Lower modulus of elasticity.
• Lower compression, tension, flexural, and bond strengths .
• Lower shrinkage.
• Higher value of thermal insulation.
• Poisson’s ratio same.
• Strength and permeability are competing factors when designing
pervious concrete. it is difficult to separate the two because one is
dependent on the other. As strength increases, permeability decreases
and vice versa.
Strength and permeability.
21. Strength(contd..)
•Str of conventional concrete is determined by its w/c ratio,
pervious concrete str is controlled by both the w/c ratio and unit
weight.
•For a given cement content, narrow rg of w/c ratios that
produced the highest compressive strengths .
•Items that incr the unit weight of pervious concrete such as
smaller agg size (3/8”), inclusion of sand in the mix and an incr in
cement content , typically incr the comp, tensile, and flexural str of
pervious concrete, but they also decr the permeability.
•Certain polymers were found to enhance pervious concrete str by
improving the bond between cement and agg.
•Addition of fiber reinf to pervious concrete shows both incr and
no affect on the allowable bending strength.
•Quality and shape of agg rather than type of agg affects the
allowable strengths.
22. Permeability.
•Permeability of pervious concrete describes the storm water
infiltration capacity per unit of time.
•Pervious concrete’s infiltration capacity is dependent on the
volume of interconnected voids and is measured as the
amount of water that can pass per unit of time.
•The ability of pervious concrete to infiltrate the required
amount of water depends on the initial design and the amount
of foreign material that is deposited and consolidated within
the void structure over time.
•Pervious concrete’s void ratio is somewhat dependent on the
compaction of pervious concrete, and compaction is
dependent on the aggregate size and shape and the method of
compaction or consolidation.
23. ASTM STANDARD FOR MEASURING THE INTERCONNECTED
VOID RATIO
• Until 2008, there was no ASTM standard for measuring the
interconnected void ratio of pervious concrete so more than one
method was described in the literature.
• One of the most referenced methods for determining void ratio of
pervious concrete is an equation proposed by Park and Tia :
A = 1 – {[(W2 – W1)/ρw]/V1} * 100 (%)
• A = total void ratio of the pervious concrete (in percent)
• W1 = underwater weight of the cylindrical specimen (kg)
• W2 = 24‐hour air dried weight of the cylindrical specimen (kg)
• V1 = specimen volume (mm3)
• ρw = density of water (kg/mm3)
24. MEASURE IN SITU:PERMEABILITY OF PERVIOUS CONCRETE
• The permeability of pervious concrete can be tested in the field
or in the lab with samples taken from the field, or in the lab with
lab‐produced samples.
• Principle : Permeablility was measured by the time it took for a
known amount of water to infiltrate the pervious concrete.
• Device used : Double ring infiltro‐meter.
• Bottom of the infiltrometer is sealed to the pervious concrete
with foam around the base and putty‐sealed to the concrete
and fed water by an attached plastic jar .
• A unique feature of the double ring infiltro‐meter was that it
limited lateral flow through the pervious concrete whereas the
other tests did not.
26. MEASURE IN LAB :PERMEABILITY OF PERVIOUS CONCRETE
• The device most often used for laboratory measurement of
pervious concrete permeability was the constant head permea‐
meter.
• The instrument, while different at each laboratory, performed a
similar test: the sides of the pervious concrete sample were
sealed, a head (height) of water was maintained above the top end
of the sample, and a volume of water that exited the lower end of
the cylinder was collected for a specified amount of time.
• Once the water was collected, its volume was measured and
compared to the amount of time it took to travel through the
sample .
• A variation of this test involved a falling head permeameter
instead of a constant head permeameter.
27. CONSTANT/FALLING HEAD PERMEAMETER.
• Flow is steady , Sample in a right circular cylinder with length =L and Area =A.
• Constant head difference is = h applied across the sample producing a flow rate Q.
• Darcy Law.
Q=k A h /L or k = QL/Ah
28. CLOGGING OF THE INTERCONNECTED VOIDS
• Clogging of the interconnected voids is another aspect that limits the
permeability of pervious concrete over time.
• Pervious concrete becomes semi‐impermeable to impermeable when
material fines such as soil, grass clippings, leaves, acorns, and sand.
• Over time, the fines consolidate within the pervious concrete void
structure and limit or completely impede permeability.
• Ideally, sources of fines are either eliminated or diverted away from the
pervious concrete, or, at least, the quantity of fines that reach the
pervious concrete should be minimized by vegetation on surrounding
landscape.
• Since fines enter the pervious concrete from the surface, it is reasonable
to deduce that pervious concrete impermeability begins at the surface.
• Delatte hypothesized that clogging begins at the bottom and progresses
towards the top.
29. • Pressure washing and vacuuming were the two
methods suggested to maintain the permeability of
pervious concrete.
• The effectiveness of permeability remediation was
often measured with a permeameter both before and
after the remediation attempt
• Maintenance using backflushing pervious concrete.
Approx 0.5 psi pressure could force clogging material
out.
30. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGE AND COMP STRENGTH
Age in Months
Compressive
strength psi
Coarse aggregate: Crushed Basalt
Water Cement ratio: 0.43
Aggregate Cement ratio 8:1
10.99
9.62
8.24
6.36
5.49
4.12
2.75
1.37
0
Compressive
strength
KN/m²
31. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGE AND COMP STRENGTH
Age in Months
Compressive
strength, psi
Coarse aggregate: Crushed Basalt
Water Cement ratio: 0.43
Aggregate Cement ratio 8:1
MN/m²
3.43
2.75
2.06
1.37
0.69
0
(Specimen size 18 x 9 x 4.25 inch slabs)
33. ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
• Reduces storm water runoff.
• Eliminates need of storm water mgt practices.
• Replenishes water tables and aquifers.
• Allows for more efficient land development.
• Minimizes flash flooding and standing water.
• Prevents polluted water into streams.
• Mitigates surface pollutants.
34. DISADVANTAGES
• Runoff from adjacent areas onto pervious concrete
needs to be prevented.
• The parking areas are generally limited to auto
parking and occasional trucks.
• If reinforcement is required, epoxy coated bars
should be used.
• Concrete is variable in permeability; over vibration
significantly reduces permeability.
• It is still a new material that requires acceptance
from cities and states.
35. APPLICATIONS
• Low vol pavements
• Pervious pavement for parking lots.
• Cement Concrete Playing Courts.
• Alleys and driveways.
• Trees gates in sidewalk .
• Swimming pool decks.
• Greenhouse floors.
• Well Linings.
36. PERVIOUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT CONSTRUCTION AND
DESIGN
Pervious Concrete Construction
•The most common way that pervious concrete pavement is constr is
as given below and illustrated in the photos.
• Base Layer Installation.
• Placing Pervious Concrete
• Finishing Pervious Concrete
• Edging
• Jointing Pervious Concrete.
• Curing
•It is important to note that jointing of pervious concrete can be
accomplished either by cutting joints into plastic concrete with a
circular blade attached to a heavy steel roller or by saw cutting joints
into hardened concrete.
37. Base Layer Installation.
•On top of sandy soil and
pervious fabric that separates the
rock and sand layers.
Placing Pervious Concrete
•Placing with a vibratory
screed roller.
38. Edging
•Edging pervious concrete to
ensure adequate compaction at
edges.
Finishing Pervious Concrete
•Finishing with a weighted steel
roller.
39. Curing
•pervious concrete beneath a
polyethylene plastic sheet.
Jointing Pervious Concrete.
•Note that the joint in the
pervious concrete matches the
location of the joint in the
adjacent conventional concrete.
41. CURING: CRITICAL PROCESS
• The effect of curing on pervious concrete was often measured in
terms of the decrease in compressive strength compared to either
wet cured pervious concrete or pervious concrete cured for seven
days beneath a plastic sheet.
• A paper dated 1952 reported that no‐fines concrete made with a
dense, non‐absorptive aggregate and cured in air only reached 43%
of the compressive strength of a similar no‐fines concrete moist
cured for seven days .
• Another paper showed that the strengths of air‐cured pervious
concrete at 7, 28, and 91 days reached 54%, 78%, and 77% of the
specimens cured in 80% relative humidity.
• In addition, it was observed that the air‐cured samples failed
because the cement paste failed to hold the aggregate particles
together, and it was presumed that the lower strength was due to
the incomplete hydration of the cement.
42. • Curing ultimately affects pervious concrete because it affects the
cement paste pore size vol and distribution. Tech, as the w/c ratio
decr, the microscopic pores within the paste decr both in dia and vol.
• The fewer pores there are in concrete paste, the stronger it is.
However, as the w/c ratio decr, the amt of cement that can be
hydrated also decr. If the w/c ratio is too low or if too much water is
allowed to evaporate from the plastic pervious concrete, the lack of
cement hydration will render the concrete weak.
• In order to achieve the smaller pore size and vol adequate moisture
must be available to the paste during curing.
• Other research on pervious concrete curing reports that drying is
more serious for no fines concrete than for conventional concrete
because dry paste fails to hold the aggregate particles together.
• The NRMCA recommends that pervious concrete be covered with a
polyethylene plastic sheet as soon as possible following placement
and that curing must continue for a min of seven days with
occasional rewetting if the pervious surface shows signs of drying.
43. CONTRACTOR QUALIFICATION
• In the introduction to a paper that reviewed case studies of pervious
concrete in the Southeastern United States, it was stated that, “It
should be stressed that contractor qualifications by certification is
one of the most important practices related to the installation of
pervious concrete” .
• One of the reasons why experience and training are important for
contractors and ready‐mix suppliers is because plastic pervious
concrete cannot be evaluated by familiar conventional concrete
standards such as the slump test or air test.
• In practice, visual inspection and experienced contractors confirm a
good mix.
• Designer knowledge and experience are also important so they
understand when it is appropriate to specify pervious concrete and
to require an experienced contractor.
44. PERVIOUS CONCRETE DESIGN
• Design parameters of pervious concrete pavements such as thickness
and joint spacing are similar to those for conventional concrete.
• The loc and environmental conditions in which pervious concrete is
appropriate are restricted.
• Thickness Design Methods determined by AASHTO and Portland Cement
Association (PCA) were appropriate for pervious concrete pavements .
• American Concrete Institute Specification for Pervious Concrete
Pavement indicates that jointing, when not specified, must not exceed
twenty ft., and also specifies jointing angle, joint alignment, joint depth,
and isolation/contraction joint requirements.
• ACI also specifies that the larger horizontal dimension of a pervious
concrete panel shall not exceed 125% of the smaller dimension.
• Pervious concretes require deep, permeable soils, restricted traffic, and
restricted adjacent land uses [2].
45. SUMMARY
• Pervious concrete is concrete with a network of voids that allow
liquid to pass through the concrete. These voids are typically 15%‐
35% of the concrete’s total volume .
• The voids are formed by a combination of gap‐graded coarse
aggregate and a lack of paste volume to fill all of the void space
created by the gap graded aggregate. T
• The cement paste must be of the consistency that allows it to coat
each aggregate and remain around the aggregates without
slumping off.
• The course aggregate size in pervious concretes is typically 3/8 ±
1/8 in. Fine aggregate is often eliminated because it decreases the
void volume resulting in reduced permeability.
• Pervious concrete’s water to cement ratio is characteristically
below 0.30.
46. • The allowable compression, flexural, and tensile stresses of
pervious concrete are less than those of a concrete made with a
standard gradation of coarse and fine aggregates and a similar
quantity of cementitious materials.
• Pervious concrete is a dual‐purpose building material that must
satisfy specifications both as a stormwater runoff best
management practice and as a pavement.
• To these ends, its design requires a balance of permeability,
strength, and durability.
• Pervious concrete is primarily used for storm water infiltration and
is typically as pavement in parking lots, patios, sidewalks, low‐
volume roads, parking bays, and alleys. Pervious concrete has also
been labelled as a sustainable building tool for decreasing the
amount of impermeable surface on a building site after new
construction or renovation and is credited with decreasing noise
generated by tyre pavement interaction on high‐speed roadways.
49. DISTRESSES IN PERVIOUS CONCRETE
• Primary Distresses In
• Impermeability,
• Raveling
•Surface Raveling.
•Deep Raveling.
• Cracking.
50. • During rains the storm water remained on the concrete’s
surface or it ran off the surface without infiltration into
pervious concrete pavement.
• The concrete is severely clogged with debris/ waste mtrl.
• Reasons/Causes.
•Flow of storm water over the pavement surface from
adjascent areas/runoff results in soil erosion and grass
clippings being was directed towards the pavement
surfaces.
•Approaches and exits to other dusty roads from pervious
concrete pavement.
•Proximity to beaches/lakes results in sand carriage.
•Clogging with debris primarily from overhanging tree.
IMPERMEABILITY
51. RAVELING
• Raveling/Spalling occurs when the aggregates de‐bond
from the cement paste.
• Surface distress.
• Reasons/Causes.
– Extreme temperatures at the time of placement.
– A dry batch.
– Over finishing .
• Place of Occurance. Surface and deep raveling
occurred in both the bulk concrete matrix and at
discontinuities in the pervious concrete such as at
joints, cracks, edges, and inclusions.
52. Surface Ravel
•Surface ravel is raveling of the
top 2‐3 aggregate layers.
•The causes of surface ravel
appeared to be shear stress from
turning veh tires and drying
shrinkage.
Deep Ravel
•Deep ravel is raveling of multiple
agg layers, and it appeared as an
area of loose agg.
•Begins at discontinuities such as
joints, cracks, edges, or inclusions
which aggravated the distress.
54. Crack Ravel
•Shrinkage or structural cracking
showed crack ravel.
•Severity of the crack raveling is
gen minimal.
•Crack raveling did not propagate
as surface or deep ravel.
Inclusion Ravel
•Inclusion are objects that disrupted
the pervious concrete surface eg.
parking lot light poles as the paving
procedure is disrupted.
•Concrete around the inclusions is
compacted by hand.
•Incr the time and water loss before
covering.
55. CRACKING
• Joint spacing or effective width of the pervious concretes
slabs is kept around 12 ft or less to prevent shrinkage
cracking.
• Spacing accordingly.
• Minimum joints to avoid discontinuities in pervious concrete
as they are susceptible to raveling.
• Reasons.
• Stresses created by unavoidable large vehicle loads eg.
maintenance trucks, garbage truck etc.
• Structural cracks due to settlement or erosion of
pavements base or subgrade materials.
• Multiple cracks may be caused by differential frost heave.
56. • Pervious concrete typically performs as a dual‐role infrastructure.
It has to function both as a stormwater runoff management tool
and as a concrete pavement.
• Primary distresses observed on the surfaces of the pervious
concrete pavements and these were impermeability, raveling, and
cracking.
• impermeability was caused by a large quantity of organic matter
on the surface that was consolidated into the pervious concrete
voids by vehicle tires.
• Coarser fines, such as sand, reduced but did not eliminate
permeability
• Surface, joint, edge, crack, and inclusion ravel typically had more
of an effect on appearance than on the structural integrity of the
pervious concrete. Surface ravel does not necessarily threaten the
long‐term viability of the pervious concrete as it
CONCLUSION
57. • Distress in the top aggregate layer is similar to the types of
abrasion damage seen in conventional concrete that occur from
plowing snow.
• Deep raveling, besides being unsightly, contributes to pervious
concrete failure and could cause damage to vehicles if the raveled
contents were pushed out of the pavement by tires or sweeping,
effectively leaving a pot hole.
• Additionally, if the pervious concrete serves as the pavement
material for a sidewalk or path, deep raveling would make wheeled
recreation, such as biking, rollerblading, or pushing a stroller,
difficult.
• Cracks showed that they were susceptible to raveling, which, in the
case of driving surfaces, could contribute to a rough pavement.
58. Loc Jaipur, Gandhi nagar rly stn Parking lot
Key Pers Prof. Prithvi Kandhal, designed and supervised construction, also
worked at Franklin Institute of Philadelphia (USA) in developing
porous asphalt pavement technology
Constr by Jaipur Development Authority 2012
Characteristics open‐graded stone bed, 225 mm thick, Allows water percolation
Evap Losses Evaporation loss is minimal. Water infiltration capacity is higher
(0.8) than that of regular cropped areas (0.3).
Addl Adv Integ of rooftop rainwater harvesting systems of adjacent bldgs
Cost Cost per sqm is 18% higheras for conventional surfacing.
Problem Areas Heaps of agg and other constr mtrl stacked on it were choking it.
Life if maintained properly, can last more than 20 years.
Continuous
Maint
Parking lot worked efficiently during two monsoons but the JDA
has lost interest in maintaining it.
ASPHALT POROUS CONCRETE PARKING LOT IN JAIPUR: DETAILS
Special type of concrete with high porosity.
Mixture of Cement, Coarse aggregate and with or without sand (Fine aggregate).
Has enough cementitious paste to coat the coarse aggregate
Preserves the interconnectivity of the voids which maintains high porosity.
Allows water from precipitation and other sources to pass directly through the concrete