- Porous concrete pavement can effectively address environmental problems and support sustainable growth by allowing efficient land use and reducing the need for stormwater management infrastructure. - This project aims to evaluate different aggregates for producing porous concrete blocks and determine their strength properties and suitability for pavement applications. Tests will be conducted to optimize the aggregate size for maximum porosity and permeability. - The project will involve collecting materials, mix design, casting specimens, and conducting tests on fresh and hardened concrete to evaluate compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, and permeability. This will provide information on using porous concrete for rainwater harvesting and drainage.

1. Submitted by:
AMRUTHA H S 3PG19CV003
MOHAMMED MUSTAFA S SARWAD 3PG19CV013
K ANNAPPA 3PG20CV407
M PRAVEEN KUMAR 3PG20CV411
Under the Guidance of:
Head of Department Project Guide
Dr. P.SHIVA KESHAV KUMAR .M.TECH.,PhD Mr. BASAVARAJA R .M.TECH.,
“POROUS CONCRETE FOR RAINWATER
HARVESTING AND URBAN PAVEMENTS ”
1
VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL
UNIVERSITY
“JNANA SANGAMA”, BELAGAVI – 590 018
PROUDHADEVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
T.B.DAM ROAD HOSAPETE -583 225

2. CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• OBJECTIVES OF PRESENT STUDY
• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• SCOPE OF FUTURE WORK
• OBSERVATIONS ON THE WORK ON THE BASIS OF LITERATURE REVIEWED
• MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY
• TESTS PLANNED TO BE CONTUCTED
• ESTIMATION OF MATERIALS REQURIED AND EXPENDITURE PROBABLY TO BE
INCURRED
• AVAILABILITY OF MATERIALS
• PROPOSED PLAN OF THE WORK
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES

3.  Porous concrete pavement is an effective way to address serious environmental problems and support
green, sustainable growth.
 This pavement technology uses land by most efficient way by removing the need for ponds and other
storm water management resources.
Pervious concrete has the ability to lower overall cost if project. In porous concrete, carefully
controlled amounts of water and cementitious materials are used to create a paste that forms a thick
coating around aggregate particles.
 Pervious concrete is used in many applications but its primarily used for making pavement.
Pervious concrete has the ability to lower overall cost if project. In porous concrete, carefully
controlled amounts of water and cementitious materials are used to create a paste that forms a thick
coating around aggregate particles
Porous concrete blocks applicable for low volume pavement, residential roads, parking lots and urban
roads. Concrete is light in weight (about 1600 to 2000 kg/m3)

4. Drain of water to avoid water logging and optimization of rain water.
To reduce problem with traditional surface water drainage system.
 To minimize risk of surface water flooding
 Use of stored water for various purposes.
Evaluation of aggregate suitable for preparing porous pavement blocks
 To evaluate the aggregate suitability for preparing a porous pavement block based on their
size gradation, compatibility, angularity and toughness index
 To evolve optimum size of coarse aggregate for maximum effective porosity and
permeability.
To determine the strength characteristics such as tensile splitting strength, compressive
strength and abrasion resistance to evaluate the suitability of porous concrete for pavement
blocks.
 To determine the porosity and permeability of the standard 15cm X 15cm X 7.5cm porous
concrete in order to understand its effectiveness in groundwater infiltration and rain water
harvesting.

5. PROBLEM STATEMENT
• Due to urbanisation and improper drainage, flooding is a common phenomenon.
The pavements and courtyards are presently covered with imprevious concrete
cement blocks which will not allow rain and drain water to percolate and reach
groundwater table. Most of the cities get flooded even with little rainfall due to
poor infiltration and drainage. Moreover these concrete surfaces emit thermal
radiation and create heat islands and enhance the global climatic temperature . If
paving materials is of pervious nature, it will enhance rain water harvesting and
will recharge groundwater aquifiers below urban areas. In order to solve this
problem, a cost effective, pervious concrete pavement block with a green cover on
the top can be made from locally avaliable materials.The more viod spce in this
pavement blocks will allow water to percolate freely downwards and allow grass to
be cultured and grown on top of this pavement block other than green aesthetic
look and cool ecofriendly environment.

6. Pervious concrete is having a lot of potential and demand in the construction
industry thanks to its infiltration property and reduction in temperature around due
to its breathing holes present. It is similar to conventional concrete but manufactured
without or minimum of fine grained aggregates. The voids present in the block in the
absence of fine aggregates allow water to flow through the concrete, and drain
through the sub-grade filtering surface water reducing overall storm water runoff
enhancing. The need for pervious concrete has grown. It’s definitely growing and
spreading but it still has a long way to go. The greatest market potential for Porous
Concrete block is used in parking lots, Parks, road with light traffic, pedestrian walk
way, green houses, courtyards, playground, etc. It can also be used as a structural
drainage fill behind retaining walls.

7. NAME YEAR OF
STUDY
STUDIED & PUBLISHED RESULTS
Husain N
Hamdulay
2015 “Effect of Aggregate Grading and
Cementitious by Product on
Performance of Pervious Concrete”.
International Journal of Advanced
Research
Compressive strength of concrete
was increased by using GGBFS as
supplementary material and grading
of aggregate is equally important to
provide strength and permeability,
grater size have law compressive
strength and high permeability
Darshan Shah 2013 “Pervious Concrete: New Era For
Rural Road Pavement”
International Journal of Engineering
Trends and Technology (IJETT) –
Volume 4 PP 3495-3499
The previous concrete reduces the
storm water runoff to improve the
ground water level to eliminate costly
storm water management practices

8. Alessandra
Bonicelli
2010 “Experimental Study on Effect of
Fine Sand Addition on
Differentially Compacted
Pervious Concrete”
This experiment shows that
addition of sand in pervious
concrete favours in improving
admissible stress and tensile
strength but drain ability was
reduced
Saeid Hesami 2014 “Effect of Rice Husk and Fibre on
Mechanical Properties of
Pervious Concrete Pavement
“.
The compressive, tensile and
flexural strength were found to be
maximum at w/c ratio of 0.33.

9. 1. Cement
• The cement used in this present study is OPC 53 Grade. The specific gravity of
cement is 3.15. Standard Consistency is 33%.
• Cement is defined as Finely ground material which on addition of requisite quantity
of water is capable of hardening both under water and in air by the chemical
interactions of its constituents with water, and is capable of blending together
appropriate materials (As per IS :4845-1968).
2. Fine Aggregate
• Fine aggregate is defined as the aggregate which passes 4.75mm IS Sieve &
contains only so much coarse materials.(As per IS:383-1970).
• Fine aggregate used in the present study is locally available sand passing through
4.75mm IS Sieve. The specific gravity of 2.65 & 3.22 are used as fine aggregates.

10. 3. Coarse Aggregate
• Coarse Aggregate is defined as the aggregate which is retained on 4.75mm IS sieve
and containing only so much finer materials. ( As per IS 383-1970)
• The coarse aggregate with a maximum size of 20mm having specific gravity of 2.653
and fineness modulus 4.6 are used as coarse aggregate.
4. Water
• Generally water which is easily available on the site such as tap water, borewell
water, well water etc directly used for mixing the concrete.
•We use clean, fresh water for curing of concrete and for mixing the concrete.

11. COLLECTION OF MATERIALS
TESTING OF AGGREGRATES AND CEMENT
MIX DESIGN OF CONCRETE
TEST ON FRESH CONCRETE
CASTING AND CURING OF SPECIMEN
TEST ON HARDEN CONCRETE
COMPRESSIVE
STRENGTH TEST
SPLIT TENSILE
STRENGTH TEST
FLEXURAL STRENGTH
TEST AND
PERMEABILITY TEST
RESULTS AND DISUSSION

12. Tests conducted : Initial Tests on materials
Test on Fine Aggregate
1) Test on specific gravity of fine aggregate (Is:2386(part-3)-1963)
Specific Gravity G = (W2-W1) (W4-W1)-(W3-W2)
Specific Gravity G = weight of aggregate weight of equal volume of water.
Result: Specific Gravity of fine aggregate G = 2.65
2) Test on Sieve Analysis of fine aggregate (Is:383-1970)
Fineness modulus = ∑C100 =322.1100 =3.22
Result : Fineness modulus of fine aggregate = 3.22
Falls in Zone II As per table 4 Of IS:383-1970

13. Test on Coarse Aggregate
Specific Gravity G = W4(W1-WS) Water
Absorption = (W1-W4)W4 X 100
RESULT : Specific gravity of coarse aggregate = 2.66
Water absorption of coarse aggregate = 0.3%
Test on Sieve Analysis on coarse aggregate(IS:383-1970)
Fineness Modulus= 457.7100 = 4.57
Result: Fineness modulus of coarse aggregate = 4.57
Sample confirms to IS stipulation for graded size aggregate of nominal size 20mm
Test on Specific Gravity on coarse aggregate

14. Test on Cement (IS:12269-2013)
RESULTS ON PHYSICAL TESTS ON CEMENT (OPC 53 GRADE)
TESTS
CONDUCTED RESULTS
IS:12269-2013
Clause 6 Table 03
REMARKS
1.Normal Consistency 33% Not specified PASSED
2. Initial Setting time 38min Shall not be less than
30min
PASSED
3. Final Setting time 225min Shall not be more
than
600min
PASSED

15. Test on Specific Gravity Of Cement
Specific Gravity of kerosene = ( W4-W1)(W5-W1)
Specific Gravity of Cement = [(W2-W1) (W4-W1)-(W3-W2)]*Specific
gravity of kerosene
RESULT : Specific gravity of cement = 3.15
The cement passes IS- 12269-2013 Stipulation
Test to be conducted
Test on fresh concrete
* SLUMP CONE TEST
* VEE-BEE
Test on Hardened Concrete:
*COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST
*SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH TEST
*FLEXURAL STRENGTH TEST
*PERMEABILITY TEST

16. FOR COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE : CUBE MOULD SIZE:-
0.1X0.1X0.1m= 0.001m³
VOLUME OF MOULD = 0.001m3
For M20 concrete (1 : 1.5 : 3 )
For M25 concrete (1 : 1 : 2 )
GRADE MATERIALS
QUANTITYPER
KG/MOULD RATE PER KG TOTALQUANTITY TOTALRATE
CEMENT 0.28 8 5 40
M20 FINEAGGREGATE 0.42 5 7 35
COARSE
AGGREGATE 0.84 4.5 14 63
CEMENT 0.385 8 7 56
M25 FINEAGGREGATE 0.385 5 7 35
COARSE
AGGREGATE 0.77 4.5 13 59
TOTAL RS . 288

17. FOR SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE : CYLINDRICAL MOULD :
V = ∏ X 0.075² X 0.3m
VOLUME OF MOULD = 0.0053015m³
For M20 concrete (1 : 1.5 : 3 )
For M25 concrete (1 : 1 : 2 )
GRADE MATERIALS
QUANTITY PER
KG RATE PER KG
TOTAL
QUANTITY TOTALRATE
CEMENT 1.485 8 24 192
M20 FINE AGGREGATE 2.226 5 36 180
COARSE
AGGREGATE 4.46 4.5 72 324
CEMENT 2.0411 8 33 264
M25 FINE AGGREGATE 2.0411 5 33 165
COARSE
AGGREGATE 4.0822 4.5 66 297
TOTAL RS 1422

18. FOR FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF CONCRETE : RECTANGULAR MOULD :
V = 0.1 X 0.1 X 0.5m
VOLUME OF MOULD = 0.005m³
For M20 concrete (1 : 1.5 : 3 )
For M25 concrete (1 : 1 : 2 )
GRADE MATERIALS QUANTITY PER KG RATE PER KG
TOTAL
QUANTITY TOTALRATE
CEMENT 1.4 8 23 184
M20 FINEAGGREGATE 201 5 34 170
COARSE
AGGREGATE 4.2 4.5 68 306
CEMENT 1.93 8 31 248
M25 FINEAGGREGATE 1.93 5 31 155
COARSE
AGGREGATE 3.85 4.5 62 279
TOTAL RS 1342

19. FOR PERMEABILITY TEST
VOLUME OF MOULD = 0.005m³
For M20 concrete (1 : 1.5 : 3 )
For M25 concrete (1 : 1 : 2 )
Specimen
Diameter
(mm)
Dimension of
Cell A (mm)
Dimension of
cell B (mm)
Dimension of
cell C (mm)
100 115 80 110
150 170 120 160
300 330 260 320
Apparatus Required Concrete Permeability Apparatus
Apparatus Required
Concrete Permeability Apparatus
The permeability cell shall consist of a metal cylinder with a ledge at the bottom for retaining
the specimen, a flange at the top, a removable cover plate and a sheet metal funnel which can
be securely bolted to the cell. A rubber or neoprene O-ring or other suitable gasket, seated in
matching grooves, shall be used between the cell and the covet plate to render the joint water-
tight.

20. GRADE MATERIALS QUANTITY PER KG RATE PER KG
TOTAL
QUANTITY TOTALRATE
CEMENT 1.4 8 23 184
M20 FINEAGGREGATE 201 5 34 170
COARSE
AGGREGATE 4.2 4.5 68 306
CEMENT 1.93 8 31 248
M25 FINEAGGREGATE 1.93 5 31 155
COARSE
AGGREGATE 3.85 4.5 62 279
TOTAL RS 1342
FOR PERMEABILITY TEST
VOLUME OF MOULD = 0.005m³
For M20 concrete (1 : 1.5 : 3 )
For M25 concrete (1 : 1 : 2 )

21. MATERIALS TOTAL QUANTITY IN KG TOTAL RATE
CEMENT 177 1416
FINEAGGREGATE
213 1065
COARSEAGGREGATE
425 1913
TOTAL 815 RS.4394
Availability of Equipments
A. COMPRESSIVE TESTING MACHINE
B. PERMEABILITY APPARATUS
C. UNIVERSAL TESTING MACHINE

22. PROPOSED PLAN OF ODD SEMESTER OF WORK
PROJECT NAME PROJECT DURATION
PROJECT START
DATE
PROJECT END DATE
POROUS CONCRFTE BLOCKS FOR RAINWATER HARVESTING
AND URBAN PAVEMENTS 62 DAYS
10/10/2022 12/12/2022
TASK
ID
TASK DESCRIPTION TASK DURATION START DATE END DATE
1 PROJECT GROUP FORMATION 11
10/10/2022 21/10/2022
2 PROJECT TITLE SELECTION 01
22/10/2022 23/10/2022
3
DISCUSSION WITH SUBJECT
EXPERTS 32
24/10/2022 23/11/2022
4 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 14
24/11/2022 08/12/2022
5 INITIAL TEST 01
09/12/2022 09/12/2022
6
TABULATION ON INITIAL TEST
01
09/12/2022 09/12/2022
7 PREPARATION ON SYNOPSIS 01
10/12/2022 11/12/2022
8 PRESENTATION ON PHASE 1 01
12/12/2022 12/12/2022

23. The size of coarse aggregates, W/C ratio and aggregate to cement ratio plays a crucial role
because it increases the strength of concrete.
The two important parameters of pervious concrete is unit weight and void ratio in mix
design.
Among the two methods of increasing strength of porous concrete, the addition of fines has
gave more value when compared to replacement of cementitious materials.
The addition of fines and replacement of Cementitious will reduce the permeability capacity
of pervious concrete.
The compressive strength of pervious concrete is increased by 4.35% when 5% fine aggregates
were added to the standard pervious concrete.
The strength of concrete is increased by 6.67% when 6% fine aggregates were added to the
standard pervious concrete.
The strength of concrete is increased by 12.96% when 7% fine aggregates were added to the
standard pervious concrete.

24. * Sourabh rahandale, shobit maran sumit lakhmanli , mayuresh gidde vol.04 experimental
study on previousconcrete. 06 june 2017
* Saurabh mehata, viraj surti, rahul shah, yesh shah vol 05. Experimental study on
compresssive strenght and permeability of pervious concrete 04 April 2016
* NurHidayah A H, Hasanan M N and Ramadhansyah P J and Zaitron H 2014 Appl. Mech.
Mater. 554 111 -115[8]
* Bakar B A, Ramadhanasyah P J and Azmi M M 2011 Mag. Concrete. Res. 63 313-320
* A.K. Jain et al. “Effect Of Shape And Size Of Aggregate On Permeability Of Pervious
Concrete” [Dec 2011] Journal ofEngineering Research and Studies PP-48-51
* Hassani A, Mohammed S, and Ghoddusi P 2010 P. I. Civil. Eng-Transp, 163 183-190
* Chindaprasirat P, Hatanaka S, Chareerat T, Mishima N and Yuasa Y 2008 Const. Bulid.
Mater. 22 894-901
* Zachary Bean E, Frederich Hunt W and Alan Bidelspach D 2007 J. Irrig. Drain. Eng.
133583-592
* IS CODE 456:2002- For Mix Design