Describes the Personality disorders in Psychiatry & Mental health according to the DSM-V

1. By
Mr. Vincent Ejakait (BScN)
Mr. Ejakait 1

2. Mr. Ejakait 2
 It can be defined as an ingrained, enduring
pattern of behaving and relating to self, others,
and the environment; personality includes
perceptions, attitudes, and emotions
 These behaviors and characteristics are
consistent across a broad range of situations
and do not change easily
 A person is usually not consciously aware of his
personality

3. Mr. Ejakait 3
 These are personality styles that are rigid and
maladaptive, causing significant personal
distress and impair social functioning.
 These are diagnosed when personality traits
become inflexible and maladaptive and
significantly interfere with how a person
functions in society or cause the person
emotional distress.

4. Mr. Ejakait 4
 Genetic Factors
Due to inherited traits
 Temperamental Factors
Due to emotional climate at home
 Biological Factors
Due to imbalance in hormones and neurotransmitters
 Psychoanalytic Factors
Due to fixation at certain psychosexual stage of
development

5. Mr. Ejakait 5
Cluster A: Individuals whose behavior
appears odd or eccentric (paranoid,
schizoid, and schizotypal personality
disorders)
Cluster B: Individuals who appear dramatic,
emotional, or erratic (antisocial,
borderline, histrionic, narcissistic)
Cluster C: Individuals who appear anxious
or fearful (avoidant, dependent, obsessive-
compulsive)

6. Mr. Ejakait 6
 Symptoms / Characteristics
 Mistrust and suspicion of others
 Guarded or hypervigilant and generally appear
alert to any impending danger
 Restricted affect
 Mood is labile, quickly changing from quietly
suspicious to angry or hostile
 Responses become sarcastic for no apparent
reason
 Uses the defense mechanism of projection,
which is blaming other people, institutions or
events for their own difficulties

7. Mr. Ejakait 7
 Symptoms / Characteristics
Detached from social relationships
Report no leisure or pleasurable activities because
they rarely experience enjoyment
Have a pervasive lack of desire for involvement
with others in all aspects of life
They do not have or desire friends, rarely date or
marry and have little or no sexual contact
Involve themselves more with things than people

8. Mr. Ejakait 8
Symptoms / Characteristics
Has social and interpersonal deficits marked by
acute discomfort with and reduced capacity for
close relationships
Has cognitive or perceptual distortions
Possesses eccentric behavior

9. Mr. Ejakait 9
 Symptoms / Characteristics
Violation of the rights of others
Lack of remorse for behavior
Shallow emotions
Lying
Rationalization of own behavior
Poor judgment
Impulsivity
Irritability and aggressiveness
Lack of insight

10. Mr. Ejakait 10
 Symptoms / Characteristics
Fear of abandonment, real or perceived
Unstable and intense relationships
Unstable self-image
Impulsivity or recklessness
Recurrent self-mutilating behavior or suicidal threats or
gestures
Chronic feelings of emptiness and boredom
Labile mood

11. Mr. Ejakait 11
 Symptoms / Characteristics
With a pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and
attention-seeking
Clients are overly concerned with impressing others
with their appearance
Dress and flirtatious behavior are not limited to social
situations or relationships but also occur in
occupational and professional settings
Clients are extroverts

12. Mr. Ejakait 12
 Symptoms / Characteristics
Clients experience rapid shifts in mood and
emotions and may be laughing uproaringly one
moment and sobbing the next.
Thus their display of emotion may seem phony or
forced on observers
Clients are uncomfortable when they are not the
center of attention and go to great lengths to gain
that status
Clients embarrass family members or friends by
their flamboyant hugging, kissing of someone
newly introduced, by sobbing over minor incidents

13. Mr. Ejakait 13
 Symptoms / Characteristics
Has a pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or
behavior), need for admiration, and lack of empathy
for others
They believe that they are superior, special and they
demand special attention
They display an arrogant or haughty attitude
They view their problems as the fault of others
Underlying self-esteem is almost always fragile and
vulnerable
They are hypersensitive to criticism and need
constant attention, admiration

14. Mr. Ejakait 14
 Symptoms / Characteristics
Has a pervasive pattern of social discomfort and
low self-esteem and hypersensitivity to negative
evaluation
They fear rejection, criticism, shame or
disapproval
They remain aloof in their relationships and feel
inferior to others

15. Mr. Ejakait 15
 Symptoms / Characteristics
Has a pervasive and excessive need to be taken care
of which leads to submissive and clinging behavior
and fears of separation
Has incessant demands for attention from others,
lacks self-confidence, needs excessive reassurance
and advice
They are pre-occupied with excessive fears of being
left alone to care for themselves
They perceive themselves as unable to function
outside a relationship with someone who can tell
them what to do

16. Mr. Ejakait 16
 Symptoms / Characteristics
Has a pervasive pattern of preoccupation with
perfectionism, mental and interpersonal control and
orderliness at the expense of flexibility, openness and
efficiency
They are formal, serious and answer questions with
precision and much detail
Clients check and recheck the details of any project
or activity
They have problems with judgment and decision-
making – specifically actually reaching a decision

17. Mr. Ejakait 17
 Symptoms / Characteristics
They have low self-esteem and are always harsh,
critical, and judgmental of themselves; they believe
they “could have done better” regardless of how well
the job has been done
They have difficulty in relationships, few friends, and
little social life
They cannot tolerate lack of control
They have difficulty working collaboratively,
preferring to “do it myself” so it is done correctly

18. Mr. Ejakait 18
 Talking to colleagues about feelings of frustration
will help you to deal with your emotional responses
so you can be more effective with clients
 Clear, frequent communication with other health
care providers can help to diminish the client’s
manipulation
 Do not take undue flattery or harsh criticism
personally; it is a result of the client’s personality
disorder
 Set realistic goals and remember that behavior
changes in clients with personality disorders take a
long time. Progress can be very slow