This document discusses personality disorders and their diagnostic criteria. It notes that personality disorders involve enduring disturbances in personality and behavior across several areas that cause distress or impairment. Ten personality disorders are described across three clusters: paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal in Cluster A; antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic in Cluster B; and avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive in Cluster C. The document provides brief descriptions of the key features of each disorder and notes that treatment involves addressing any co-occurring conditions through psychotherapy and potentially pharmacotherapy.

1. PERSONALITY DISORDERS

2. Personality
Enduring qualities of an individual that are shown in his
ways of behaving in a wide variety of circumstances

3. The importance
 as a predisposition
 as a pathoplastic factor
 In relation to treatment
Origin – familial
childhood temperament
Childhood experience
Personality types

4. Personality disorders - Diagnostic
Criteria
 Enduring disturbances in personality and behaviour
 Involve several areas of personality
 Causing personal distress/ social disruption
 Pervasive with inflexible behaviour
 Manifest from childhood/ adolescence
 Not due to brain insult or another psychiatric disorder

5. Features
10-20% of the population.
Prevalence by gender – variable

6. Personality changes due to
other causes
 Organic brain disease
 Severe mental disorder
 Catastrophic experience

7. Categories
Cluster Β:
 Antisocial
 Borderline
 Histrionic
 Narcissistic
Cluster C:
 Avoidant
 Dependent
 Obsessive/ Compulsive
Cluster A:
Paranoid
Schizoid
Schizotypal

8. Paranoid Personality Disorder
 Suspicious
 Mistrustful
 Non-confiding
 Sensitive
 Resentful
 Litigous
 Sexual jealousy.

9. Schizoid
 No close relationships.
 Detached and aloof
 solitary activities; prone to fantasy
 little interest in sexual relationships
 Lack of enjoyment
 indifferent to praise or criticism.
 emotional coldness

10. Schizotypal
 Cognitive and perceptual distortions
 Odd / eccentric speech, behaviour and appearance
 Narrowed or inappropriate affect.
 Few close friends
 Excessive social anxiety

11. Antisocial
 Callous
 Transient relationships
 irresponsible
 Inability to follow society rules
 impulsive
 Irritability, aggression.
 Recklessness
 Lack of empathy
 Lack of guilt.

12. Borderline
 Frantic efforts to avoid abandonment
 unstable interpersonal relationships; characterized by
idealization and devaluation
 Identity disturbance
 Impulsiveness
 Recurrent suicidal behavior
 Affect instability
 Feelings of emptiness
 difficulty in controlling anger
 Quasi-psychotic/ dissociative symptoms related to stress.

13. Histrionic
 Uncomfortable if not the center of attention.
 seductive
 shallow and labile emotions
 Uses appearance to draw attention.
 Impressionistic speech
 self dramatization
 suggestible
 Perceives relationshipa as intimate

14. Narcissistic
 grandiose sense of self-importance.
 fantasies of unlimited success, power etc.
 Feeling special and unique
 sense of entitlement
 Exploitative
 lacks empathy
 envies others or believes envied
 Contemptuous, haughty, arrogant

15.  Avoids interpersonal relationships
oavoids professional activities
ofear of dislike by others
ofear of shame
oworry of criticism or rejection
ofeelings of inadequacies
 unwilling to takes part in new activities, for a fear of being
embarrassed.
 Avoids risk
Avoidant

16. Dependent
 Difficulty making everyday decisions
 Needs others to take the responsibility for the major areas of
life.
 Unable to make demands
 Overly compliant
 uncomfortable being on their own
 Compulsion to seek intimate relationships
 Fear of being left alone.

17. Obsessive-compulsive
(anankastic)
 preoccupation with details
 perfectionism that interferes with the completion of the task
 overly conscientious
 inflexible in matters of morality, ethics or values
 unable to throw out worthless objects
 Does not do apportion of tasks
 stingy.
 Stubborn and rigid.

18. Diagnostic difficulties
 Categorical classification
 Symptom overlap

19. Treatment
 Treat co-morbidities
 Psychotherapy
 Pharmacotherapy

20. Prognosis
variable
severity becomes milder as the person grows older.