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Personality disorders
The document provides an overview of various personality disorders, highlighting their characteristics, typical behaviors, and potential coping mechanisms. It notes how these disorders can impact relationships and daily functioning, often beginning in adolescence or early adulthood, with individuals typically unaware of their maladaptive patterns. Additionally, it discusses treatment options and the difficulties faced by those living with someone who has a personality disorder.
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Personality disorders
- 2. Paranoia -psychologicaldisorder characterized by delusions of persecution or grandeur. Prejudice -The words prejudice refers to prejudgment: i.e. making a decision before becoming aware of the relevant facts of a case or event.
- 3. Hypochondriasis -(or hypochondria, sometimes referred to as health anxiety/health phobia) It refers to an excessive preoccupation or worry about having a serious illness
- 4. Hysteria, orsomatization disorder: It is a diagnostic label applied to a state of mind, one of unmanageable fear or emotional excesses. The fear is often centered on a body part, most often on an imagined problem with that body part (disease is a common complaint).
- 5. Histrionic personalitydisorder (HPD) It is a personality disorder characterized by a pattern of excessive emotionality and attention-seeking, including an excessive need for approval and inappropriate seductiveness, usually beginning in early adulthood.
- 6. “Personality disorders are patternsof perceiving, reacting, and relating to other people and events that are relatively inflexible and that impair a person's ability to function socially”.
- 7. Everyone has characteristicpatterns of perceiving and relating to other people and events (personality traits). That is, people tend to cope with stresses in an individual but consistent way. For example, some people respond to a troubling situation by seeking someone else's help; others prefer to deal with problems on their own.
- 8. Mentally healthypeople are likely to try an alternative approach if their first response is ineffective. People with a personality disorder are rigid and tend to respond inappropriately to problems, to the point that relationships with family members, friends, and coworkers are affected. These maladaptive responses usually begin in adolescence or early adulthood and do not change over time. Personality disorders vary in severity. They are usually mild and rarely severe.
- 9. Most peoplewith a personality disorder are distressed about their life and have problems with relationships at work or in social situations. Many people also have mood, anxiety, substance abuse, or eating disorders.
- 10. People witha personality disorder are unaware that their thought or behavior patterns are inappropriate; thus, they tend not to seek help on their own. Instead, they may be referred by their friends, family members, or a social agency because their behavior is causing difficulty for others.
- 11. Common Coping Mechanisms MechanismDefinition Result Personality Disorders Involved Projection Attributing one's own feelings or thoughts to others Leads to prejudice, suspiciousness, and excessive worrying about external dangers Typical of paranoid and schizotypal personalities; used by people with borderline, antisocial, or narcissistic personality when under acute stress Splitting Use of black-or-white, all-or-nothing thinking to divide people into groups of idealized all-good saviors and vilified all- bad evildoers Allows a person to avoid the discomfort of having both loving and hateful feelings for the same person as well as feelings of uncertainty and Typical of borderline personality
- 12. Acting out Adirect behavioral expression of an unconscious wish or impulse that enables a person to avoid thinking about a painful situation or experiencing a painful emotion Leads to acts that are often irresponsible, reckless, and foolish. Includes many delinquent, promiscuous, and substance-abusing acts, which can become so habitual that the person remains unaware and dismissive of the feelings that initiated the acts Very common in people with antisocial or borderline personality
- 13. Turning aggression against self Expressingthe angry feelings one has toward others by hurting one's self directly (for example, through self-mutilation) or indirectly (for example, in body dysmorphic disorder); when indirect, it is called passive aggression Includes failures and illnesses that affect others more than oneself and silly, provocative clowning Dramatic in people with borderline personality
- 14. Fantasizing Use ofimaginary relationships and private belief systems to resolve conflict and to escape from painful realities, such as loneliness Is associated with eccentricity, avoidance of interpersonal intimacy, and avoidance of involvement with the outside world Used by people with an avoidant or schizoid personality, who, in contrast to people with psychoses, do not believe and thus do not act on their fantasies Hypochondriasis Use of health complaints to gain attention Provides a person with nurturing attention from others; may be a passive expression of anger toward others Used by people with dependent, histrionic, or borderline personality
- 15. Cluster A personality disordersinvolve odd or eccentric behavior; cluster B, dramatic or erratic behavior; and cluster C, anxious or inhibited behavior.
- 17. Belief thatothers are lying, cheating, exploiting or trying to harm you Perception of hidden, malicious meaning in benign comments Inability to work collaboratively with others Emotional detachment Hostility toward others
- 18. Fantasizing Extremeintroversion Emotional distance, even from family members Fixation on your own thoughts and feelings Emotional detachment
- 19. Indifference toand withdrawal from others "Magical thinking" — the idea that you can influence people and events with your thoughts Odd, elaborate style of dressing, speaking and interacting with others Belief that messages are hidden for you in public speeches and displays Suspicious or paranoid ideas
- 20.
- 21. Excessive sensitivityto others' approval Attention-grabbing, often sexually provocative clothing and behavior Excessive concern with your physical appearance False sense of intimacy with others Constant, sudden emotional shifts
- 22. Inflated senseof — and preoccupation with — your importance, achievements and talents Constant attention-grabbing and admiration- seeking behavior Inability to empathize with others Excessive anger or shame in response to criticism Manipulation of others to further your own desires
- 23. Chronic irresponsibilityand unreliability Lack of regard for the law and for others' rights Persistent lying and stealing Aggressive, often violent behavior Lack of remorse for hurting others Lack of concern for the safety of yourself and others
- 24. Difficulty controllingemotions or impulses Frequent, dramatic changes in mood, opinions and plans Stormy relationships involving frequent, intense anger and possibly physical fights
- 25. Fear ofbeing alone despite a tendency to push people away Feeling of emptiness inside Suicide attempts or self-mutilation
- 26.
- 27. Hypersensitivity tocriticism or rejection Self-imposed social isolation Extreme shyness in social situations, though you strongly desire close relationships
- 28. Excessive dependenceon others to meet your physical and emotional needs Tolerance of poor, even abusive treatment in order to stay in relationships Unwillingness to independently voice opinions, make decisions or initiate activities
- 29. Intense fearof being alone Urgent need to start a new relationship when one has ended
- 30. Excessive concernwith order, rules, schedules and lists Perfectionism, often so pronounced that you can't complete tasks because your standards are impossible to meet Inability to throw out even broken, worthless objects Inability to share responsibility with others
- 31. Inflexibility aboutthe "right" ethics, ideas and methods Compulsive devotion to work at the expense of recreation and relationships Financial stinginess Discomfort with emotions and aspects of personal relationships that you can't control
- 32. Stresses experiencedby older adults. Children with an alcoholic parent, or who have an abusive or chaotic home life, are at increased risk of developing antisocial personality disorder. Genetic (ie, inherited) factors
- 33. Sexual abuseis a common risk factor for borderline personality disorder. People with borderline personality disorder who report sexual abuse at a younger age — younger than 13 years old — are also more likely to have post-traumatic stress disorder.
- 34. Heredity andchildhood head injuries also may influence the development of this disorder. Overwhelmed by losses (eg, deaths among friends and loved ones), Medical problems Environmental facts
- 35. Person’s history,specifically, on repetition of maladaptive thought or behavior patterns. These patterns tend to become apparent because the person tenaciously resists changing them despite their negative consequences. In addition, a doctor is likely to notice the Person’s immature and maladaptive use of mental coping mechanisms, which interferes with their daily functioning.
- 36. Social isolation Suicide Substance abuse Depression,anxiety and eating disorders Self-destructive behavior Violence and homicide Incarceration
- 37.
- 38. Anti depressents Anti convulsants Antipsychotics
- 39. Living withsomeone who has a personality disorder can be very difficult. Remember that people with personality disorders are rarely aware that they have a problem. If you can gently help your loved one recognize that he or she needs help, improvement is possible.