Personality disorders are patterns of perceiving, reacting, and relating to other people and events that are relatively inflexible and that impair a person's ability to function socially”.

2.  Paranoia -psychological disorder characterized
by delusions of persecution or grandeur.
 Prejudice -The words prejudice refers to
prejudgment: i.e. making a decision before
becoming aware of the relevant facts of a case
or event.

3.  Hypochondriasis - (or hypochondria, sometimes
referred to as health anxiety/health phobia) It
refers to an excessive preoccupation or worry
about having a serious illness

4.  Hysteria, or somatization disorder:
It is a diagnostic label applied to a state
of mind, one of unmanageable fear or
emotional excesses.
The fear is often centered on a body part,
most often on an imagined problem with
that body part (disease is a common
complaint).

5.  Histrionic personality disorder (HPD)
It is a personality disorder
characterized by a pattern of excessive
emotionality and attention-seeking,
including an excessive need for
approval and inappropriate
seductiveness, usually beginning in
early adulthood.

6. “Personality disorders are
patterns of perceiving, reacting,
and relating to other people and
events that are relatively
inflexible and that impair a
person's ability to function
socially”.

7. Everyone has characteristic patterns of perceiving
and relating to other people and events (personality
traits).
 That is, people tend to cope with stresses in an
individual but consistent way.
 For example, some people respond to a troubling
situation by seeking someone else's help; others
prefer to deal with problems on their own.

8.  Mentally healthy people are likely to try an alternative
approach if their first response is ineffective.
 People with a personality disorder are rigid and tend to
respond inappropriately to problems, to the point that
relationships with family members, friends, and
coworkers are affected.
 These maladaptive responses usually begin in
adolescence or early adulthood and do not change over
time. Personality disorders vary in severity. They are
usually mild and rarely severe.

9.  Most people with a personality disorder are
distressed about their life and have problems with
relationships at work or in social situations.
 Many people also have mood, anxiety, substance
abuse, or eating disorders.

10.  People with a personality disorder are unaware that their
thought or behavior patterns are inappropriate; thus, they
tend not to seek help on their own.
 Instead, they may be referred by their friends, family
members, or a social agency because their behavior is
causing difficulty for others.

11. Common Coping Mechanisms
Mechanism Definition Result Personality Disorders
Involved
Projection Attributing one's own
feelings or thoughts
to others
Leads to prejudice,
suspiciousness, and
excessive worrying
about external
dangers
Typical of paranoid
and schizotypal
personalities; used by
people with
borderline, antisocial,
or narcissistic
personality when
under acute stress
Splitting Use of black-or-white,
all-or-nothing
thinking to divide
people into groups of
idealized all-good
saviors and vilified all-
bad evildoers
Allows a person to
avoid the discomfort
of having both loving
and hateful feelings
for the same person as
well as feelings of
uncertainty and
Typical of borderline
personality

12. Acting out A direct behavioral
expression of an
unconscious wish or
impulse that enables
a person to avoid
thinking about a
painful situation or
experiencing a
painful emotion
Leads to acts that
are often
irresponsible,
reckless, and
foolish. Includes
many delinquent,
promiscuous, and
substance-abusing
acts, which can
become so habitual
that the person
remains unaware
and dismissive of
the feelings that
initiated the acts
Very common in
people with
antisocial or
borderline
personality

13. Turning aggression
against self
Expressing the
angry feelings one
has toward others
by hurting one's
self directly (for
example, through
self-mutilation) or
indirectly (for
example, in body
dysmorphic
disorder); when
indirect, it is called
passive aggression
Includes failures
and illnesses that
affect others more
than oneself and
silly, provocative
clowning
Dramatic in people
with borderline
personality

14. Fantasizing Use of imaginary
relationships and
private belief systems
to resolve conflict
and to escape from
painful realities, such
as loneliness
Is associated with
eccentricity,
avoidance of
interpersonal
intimacy, and
avoidance of
involvement with the
outside world
Used by people with
an avoidant or
schizoid personality,
who, in contrast to
people with
psychoses, do not
believe and thus do
not act on their
fantasies
Hypochondriasis Use of health
complaints to gain
attention
Provides a person
with nurturing
attention from
others; may be a
passive expression of
anger toward others
Used by people with
dependent,
histrionic, or
borderline
personality

15. Cluster A
personality disorders involve
odd or eccentric behavior;
cluster B,
dramatic or erratic behavior;
and
cluster C,
anxious or inhibited behavior.

17.  Belief that others are lying, cheating, exploiting or
trying to harm you
 Perception of hidden, malicious meaning in benign
comments
 Inability to work collaboratively with others
 Emotional detachment
 Hostility toward others

18.  Fantasizing
 Extreme introversion
 Emotional distance, even from family
members
 Fixation on your own thoughts and feelings
 Emotional detachment

19.  Indifference to and withdrawal from others
 "Magical thinking" — the idea that you can
influence people and events with your
thoughts
 Odd, elaborate style of dressing, speaking and
interacting with others
 Belief that messages are hidden for you in
public speeches and displays
 Suspicious or paranoid ideas

20. Histrionic
personality
disorder
Narcissistic
personality
disorder
Antisocial
personality
disorder
Borderline
personality
disorder

21.  Excessive sensitivity to others' approval
 Attention-grabbing, often sexually provocative
clothing and behavior
 Excessive concern with your physical appearance
 False sense of intimacy with others
 Constant, sudden emotional shifts

22.  Inflated sense of — and preoccupation with — your
importance, achievements and talents
 Constant attention-grabbing and admiration-
seeking behavior
 Inability to empathize with others
 Excessive anger or shame in response to criticism
 Manipulation of others to further your own desires

23.  Chronic irresponsibility and unreliability
 Lack of regard for the law and for others' rights
 Persistent lying and stealing
 Aggressive, often violent behavior
 Lack of remorse for hurting others
 Lack of concern for the safety of yourself and others

24.  Difficulty controlling emotions or impulses
 Frequent, dramatic changes in mood,
opinions and plans
 Stormy relationships involving frequent,
intense anger and possibly physical fights

25.  Fear of being alone despite a tendency
to push people away
 Feeling of emptiness inside
 Suicide attempts or self-mutilation

26. Avoidant personality
disorder
Dependent
personality disorder
Obsessive-compulsive
personality disorder

27.  Hypersensitivity to criticism or
rejection
 Self-imposed social isolation
 Extreme shyness in social situations,
though you strongly desire close
relationships

28.  Excessive dependence on others to meet
your physical and emotional needs
 Tolerance of poor, even abusive treatment
in order to stay in relationships
 Unwillingness to independently voice
opinions, make decisions or initiate
activities

29.  Intense fear of being alone
 Urgent need to start a new relationship
when one has ended

30.  Excessive concern with order, rules,
schedules and lists
 Perfectionism, often so pronounced that
you can't complete tasks because your
standards are impossible to meet
 Inability to throw out even broken,
worthless objects
 Inability to share responsibility with others

31.  Inflexibility about the "right" ethics, ideas
and methods
 Compulsive devotion to work at the expense
of recreation and relationships
 Financial stinginess
 Discomfort with emotions and aspects of
personal relationships that you can't control

32.  Stresses experienced by older adults.
 Children with an alcoholic parent, or
who have an abusive or chaotic home
life, are at increased risk of developing
antisocial personality disorder. Genetic
(ie, inherited) factors

33.  Sexual abuse is a common risk factor for
borderline personality disorder.
 People with borderline personality disorder
who report sexual abuse at a younger age —
younger than 13 years old — are also more
likely to have post-traumatic stress
disorder.

34.  Heredity and childhood head injuries also may
influence the development of this disorder.
 Overwhelmed by losses (eg, deaths among friends
and loved ones),
 Medical problems
 Environmental facts

35.  Person’s history, specifically, on repetition of
maladaptive thought or behavior patterns.
 These patterns tend to become apparent because
the person tenaciously resists changing them
despite their negative consequences. In addition, a
doctor is likely to notice the
 Person’s immature and maladaptive use of mental
coping mechanisms, which interferes with their
daily functioning.

36. Social isolation
Suicide
Substance abuse
Depression, anxiety and eating
disorders
Self-destructive behavior
Violence and homicide
Incarceration

37. Therapy
Psychodynamic
psychotherapy
Cognitive behavior
therapy
Dialectical behavior
therapy

38. Anti depressents
Anti convulsants
Anti psychotics

39.  Living with someone who has a personality
disorder can be very difficult.
 Remember that people with personality
disorders are rarely aware that they have a
problem.
 If you can gently help your loved one recognize
that he or she needs help, improvement is
possible.