This document discusses personal learning environments (PLEs) as an alternative to traditional course management systems (CMS) like Blackboard and Moodle. It defines PLEs as systems that allow learners to take control of and manage their own learning through setting goals, managing content and processes, and connecting with others. PLEs utilize various lightweight, learner-controlled tools from across the web rather than a single centralized system. The document provides examples of how to create a basic PLE using free web services and platforms.