This document discusses person-centered care and relationship-centered care approaches for people with dementia. It notes that person-centered care focuses on preserving personhood but does not fully represent family caregivers, care workers, or the embodied experiences of dementia. Relationship-centered care recognizes that dementia care involves a triad of the person with dementia, their family, and paid caregivers. Alternative approaches discussed include the Senses Framework, which focuses on maintaining a sense of purpose, fulfillment, significance, security, continuity and belonging for the person with dementia. The document advocates for humanistic and existentialist approaches that emphasize humanity, existence, and finding meaning. It argues that creativity can help people with dementia affirm their selfhood and make sense

1. Person-centredness, relationships
and meaning making
Dr Trevor Adams
University of Surrey

2. ‘After six months in certain hospitals, there are
ways in which psychiatric nurses are no longer
like ordinary people. Their attitude to mental
illness changes - as it does to old age, to cruelty,
to people’s needs, and to dying. It is as if they
become numbed to these things.’
(Sans Everything 1967)

3. Diagnosed

4. Diagnosed
Marginalised

5. Diagnosed
Marginalised
Institutionalised

6. Person-centred care

8. Person-centred care
Person with DEMENTIA

9. Person-centred care
Person with DEMENTIA
PERSON with dementia

10. Person-centred care
Person with DEMENTIA
PERSON with dementia

11. Dementia =
[biomedical factors]
+
[social/psychological factors]

12. Dementia =
Physical Health +
Neurological Impairment +
Personality +
Biography +
Social Psychology

13. “Personhood” is the central idea in
person-centred care.

14. “a standing or a status that is bestowed on
one human being, by another in the context
of relationship and social being”
‘Dementia Reconsidered’ Tom Kitwood

15. malignant social psychologies
• Disempowerment • Withholding
• Imposition • Outpacing
• Disruption • Infantilisation
• Objectification • Labelling
• Stigmatisation • Disparagement
• Ignoring • Accusation
• Banishment • Treachery
• Mockery • Invalidation

16. positive person work
• Warmth • Celebration
• Holding • Acknowledgement
• Relaxed pace • Genuineness
• Respect • Validation
• Acceptance • Empowerment
• Facilitation • Enabling
• Collaboration • Including
• Recognition • Belonging

17. problems with person-centred care

18. problems with person-centred care
does not fully represent:
family carers and dementia care workers

19. problems with person-centred care
does not fully represent:
family carers and dementia care workers
the embodied and bodily nature of dementia

20. problems with person-centred care
does not fully represent :
family carers and dementia care workers
the embodied and bodily nature of dementia
the two-way nature of communication in dementia care

21. Relationship centred care
Recognition that there is often three people or
agencies involved in the provision of dementia care:
the person with dementia, their family carer(s) and
their paid-for carer(s) – the dementia care triad.
Sensitivity to how communication between each
participant constructs personal experience, identity
and meaning to each member of the dementia care
triad.

22. the senses framework –
mike nolan and colleagues
• A sense of purpose - opportunities to engage
in purposeful activities or to have a clear set
of goals to aspire to;
• A sense of fulfilment - achieving meaningful or
valued goals and feeling satisfied with one’s
efforts;
• A sense of significance - to feel that you
matter, and that you are valued as a person

23. the senses framework –
mike nolan and colleagues
• A sense of security - of feeling safe and
receiving or delivering competent and
sensitive care;
• A sense of continuity - the recognition of
biography, using the past to contextualise the
present;
• A sense of belonging - opportunities to form
meaningful relationships or feel part of a
team.

24. Humanistic: putting humanity and the interests
of the person first
‘Dementia Reconsidered: the person comes first’

25. Humanistic: putting humanity and the interests
of the person first
Existentialist: highlighting questions of existence
rather than essence and the personal struggle to
gain a meaning to one’s life

26. Humanistic: putting humanity and the interests
of the person first
Existentialist: highlighting questions of existence
rather than essence and the personal struggle to
gain a meaning to one’s life
‘In day to day interplay with persons with dementia it is
inescapable to address existential struggles and innate
Issues.’ Holly Queen-Daugherty 2002

27. Humanistic: putting humanity and the interests of
the person first
Existentialist: highlighting questions of existence
rather than essence and the personal struggle to
gain a meaning to one’s life
Christian: people are created in the image of God,
imago Dei and are relational and thus there is a deep
vein of co-creativity in people through which they relate
to others and identity is displayed and gained

28. Recently various people at Bournemouth University
have identified various areas in which health care
provision needs to be ‘humanized’.
Todres, L. Galvin, K. and Holloway, I. 2009 The
humanization of healthcare: A value framework for
International Journal of Qualitative Studies on
Health and Well-being. 1-10,

29. insiderness living in a personal world
that carries a sense of how
things are perceived
agency experience yourself as
making choices and being
generally held accountable
for one’s actions
uniqueness actualizing a self that is
unique which can never be
reduced to a list of general
characteristics
togetherness in community

30. sense-making care for the ???, of things,
events and experiences for
personal life
personal journey on a journey
sense of place Come from a particular
place where the feeling of
at-homeness becomes
reality
embodiment live within the fragile limits
of human embodiment

31. creativity helps people with dementia affirm
their selfhood

32. creativity helps people with dementia make
sense what is happening to them