The document summarizes the expansion of Greece through key conflicts with Persia and internally between Athens and Sparta. It describes how the Persians twice tried to conquer Greece but were defeated at Marathon and Salamis. It then discusses the rise of Athens' power through the Delian League and leadership of Pericles, before tensions grew into the 27-year Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta's rival Peloponnesian League, culminating in Athens' surrender in 404 BC.

1. Map of Greece

2. #
The Expansion on Greece
page 121-125

3. The Persian Wars = Greeks vs. Persians
-Greeks in Asia Minor rebel against the Persians.
-Darius (Persian leader) crushed
Greek revolts in Asia Minor.
-Darius conquers Macedon and Thrace.
-Persians invade mainland Greece. The Athenians (who
were outnumbered) still defeated the Persians at the
Battle of Marathon.

4. Persian Wars continued…
 Darius’ son Xerxes, again tries to conquer
Greece.
 Xerxes brings a large army to fight against the
Greeks.
 300 Spartans fight an army of the Persians.
They fend off the Persians for days, but
eventually are defeated at the Battle of
Thermopylae. All 300 Spartans died, refusing
to surrender.

5. Persian Wars continued…
 Xerxes’ army marched to Athens and destroyed it.
 The Athenians and Spartans joined forces to defeat
the Persians.
 The Greek Navy sunk many Persian ships in the
Aegean Sea. At the Battle of Salamis, the Persian
Ships were led into the narrow Straits of Salamis and
were unable to maneuver. The outnumbered Greeks
won!
 Athenians rebuilt their city and entered a time of great
cultural achievement. (Golden Age) Athens began to
create its own Empire by controlling other small city
states.

6. The Age of Pericles
 Athens used “diplomacy” to form the Delian League
 an alliance of city-states with Athens as the leader.
 Eventually 140 city-states were contributing money
and ships to the league.
 Pericles was a general, orator, and leader of Athens.
GREAT LEADER! 
 Democracy! Athens achieved probably the most
completely democratic gov’t in history. (no women/slaves)
 Pericles created colonies in the Mediterranean Sea.
 Kept a strong navy, standardized weights + measures.
 Pericles used Delian League money for Athens. 
Like building the Parthenon.

7. The Peloponnesian War
 The Spartans created the Peloponnesian
League to counter act the Delian League.
 Tension grew between Sparta and Athens until
war broke out in 431bc.
 Sparta invades. The siege of Athens continued
for years. Starve out the Athenians.
 A plague broke out in Athens killing many
people including Pericles. 
 The war lasted for 27 years!

8. The Peloponnesian War continued…
 Sparta, with the help of Persia, blocked Athens’
food Supply.
 Starving Athenians eventually surrendered to
Sparta in 404bc.
 After the Peloponnesian War, Greece was very
unstable and wars between the city-states
continued.
THE END! (for today)