This presentation aims at providing information to students who want to gain knowledge on Persian traditional music and reading English. I would like to thank the Wikipedia; YouTube; Google; and other websites that I sought information from.

1. Persian Traditional Music
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_traditional_music

2. https://www.reddit.com/r/MapPorn/comments/190lqp/map_of_the_first_persian_empire_achaemenid_empire/

3. The Persian Empire started in the south of what is now Iran. It grew through military
conquest to cover a huge region that roughly encompasses today's Iran, Iraq, Armenia,
Afghanistan, Turkey, Bulgaria, many parts of Greece, Egypt, Syria, much of what is now
Pakistan, Jordan, Israel, the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, Lebanon, Caucasia, Central
Asia, Libya, and northern parts of Arabia. The empire eventually became the largest
empire of the ancient world. [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikijunior:Ancient_Civilizations/Persians]

4. Map of Eastern Hemisphere in 500 BC and the Persian Empire
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_ancient_history#/media/File:East-Hem_500bc.jpg

5. Map of Iran and neighbouring countries
https://www.quora.com/How-and-why-is-Iran-much-more-stable-than-its-neighboring-countries

6. The flag of Iran is a tricolour comprising equal horizontal bands of green, white and red with
the national emblem ("Allah") This flag was adopted on 29 July 1980, as a reflection of the
changes brought about by the Iranian Revolution of 1979, which resulted in the replacement of
2,500 years of continuous Persian monarchy with an Islamic Republic under the Grand
Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Iran

7. An introduction of Islamic Republic of Iran
Official language: Persian
Spoken languages: Persian, Azerbaijani, Turkic,
Kurdish, Gilak, Mazanderani, Lurish, Balochi,
Arabic & others
Capital: Tehran
Currency: Iranian Rial (IRR)
Population: 81,672,300 (2018) - 18th
Ethnic groups: Persian, Azerbaijani, Kurdish, Lur,
Turkmen & others
Religion: Islam (Twelver Shia); Islam (Hanafi, Shafi’i,
Maliki, Hanbali, Zaydi), Christianity, Judaism,
Zoroastrianism
Declaration of Islamic Republic on 1 April 1979
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran

8. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emblem_of_Iran#/media/File:Emblem_of_Iran.svg

9. The Faravahar (Persian: ‫‬فروهر‬‬ (, also known as Farr-e Kiyani
(‫کیانی‬ ‫‬فر‬ (, is one of the best-known symbols of Iran. It symbolizes
Zoroastrianism, the first religion of Iran before Arab invasion of
Iran, and Iranian nationalism.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farr-e_Kiyani_(Faravahar)

10. Sayyid Ruhollah Mūsavi Khomeini (24 September 1902 - 3 June 1989),
known in the Western world as Ayatollah Khomeini, was an Iranian politician
and marja. He was the founder of the Islamic republic of Iran and the leader
of the 1979 Iranian Revolution that saw the overthrow of the last Shah of Iran,
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and the end of 2,500 years of Persian monarchy.
Following the revolution, Khomeini became the country's Supreme Leader, a
position created in the constitution of the Islamic Republic as the highest-
ranking political and religious authority of the nation, which he held until his
death. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini

11. 500,000 banknote (front )
500,000 Rials (IRR) = 389.25 Thai Baht (THB)
https://www.banknotenews.com/files/860e34d684171d615693be7606efc257-3287.php
https://coinmill.com/IRR_THB.html

12. 500,000 banknote (backside)
500,000 Rials (IRR) = 389.25 Thai Baht (THB)
https://www.banknotenews.com/files/860e34d684171d615693be7606efc257-3287.php
https://coinmill.com/IRR_THB.html

13. Traditional Persian costume
http://www.parstimes.com/women/traditional_costume/

14. Traditional Armenian costume
http://www.parstimes.com/women/traditional_costume/

15. Being the most popular flower world-wide, both because of its beauty and
exceptional fragrances, Red Rose (Rosa) is the National Flower of Iran.
Popularly Rose is known as the flower of love, if you rearrange the letters of
the word rose you get Eros, the God of Love. However the Queen of
Flowers, Tulip also serves as the flower emblem for Iran.
https://www.theflowerexpert.com/content/flowerbusiness/flowergrowersandsellers/national-native-
popular-flowers-of-iran

16. National Animal of Iran is the Persian/Asiatic lion. Though they consider
Asiatic cheetah, Persian leopard, Persian cat, and Persian fallow deer as their
national animal too. https://einfon.com/nationalsymbols/national-animal-of-iran/

17. Persian traditional music or Iranian traditional music,
also known as Persian classical music or Iranian classical
music, refers to the classical music of Iran(also known as
Persia). It consists of characteristics developed through the
country's classical, medieval, and contemporary eras.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_traditional_music
http://www.parstimes.com/music/12.jpg

18. Due to the exchange of musical science throughout history,
many of Iran's classical melodies and modes are related to
those of its neighboring cultures.
Credit: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_traditional_music
http://www.iran-daily.com/News/57469.html

19. Iran's classical art music continues to function as a spiritual tool, as it has
throughout history, and much less of a recreational activity. It belongs for
the most part to the social elite, as opposed to the folkloric and popular
music, in which the society as a whole participates. However, the
parameters of Iran's classical music have also been incorporated into folk
and pop music compositions.
Credit: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_traditional_music
https://www.myartprints.co.uk/a/kamal-al-molk/persianmusicians1910oilon.html
Persian Musicians, 1910 (oil on canvas) - Kamal-Al-Molk

20. Indigenous Iranian musical instruments used in the traditional music
include string instruments such as the chang (harp), qanun, santur, rud
(oud, barbat), tar, dotar, setar, tanbur, and kamanche, wind instruments
such as the sorna (zurna, karna), ney, and neyanban, and percussion
instruments such as the tompak, kus, daf (dayere), naqare, and dohol.
Credit: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_traditional_music
https://reverb.com/au/item/2752348-mohammadi-barbat-persian-oud-lute-11-strings-super-
rare- mint-condition

21. Persian string instruments, stringed instruments, or
chordophones are musical instruments that produce sound
from vibrating strings when the performer plays or sounds
the strings in some manner.

22. Chang (harp): The origin of Harp/Chang like many other instruments is
Africa. It is not wonder to know that before the creation of Chang/Harp,
Africa was the origin of human being. Gradually, change passed by the
Africa and the Atlantic Coast Ocean, America and Siberia, China and India
and Middle East through Europe and it's used in different usage of human
living as a musical instrument. http://www.musicshopir.com/harp

23. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8FEF7fioEQk Show now !
Documentary: Persian classical instruments & the story of Chang

24. Ganun, Kanun, Ganoun or Kanoon is a string instrument
played either solo, or more often as part of an ensemble, in
much of the Middle East, Maghreb, West Africa, Central Asia,
and southeastern regions of Europe.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qanun_(instrument)

25. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cVmMIcDXOpQ

26. The santur (also santūr, santour, santoor) (Persian: ‫‬سنتور‬) is a
hammered dulcimer of Persian/Iranic origins. The term Santur
originally meant "100 strings”.‬
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santur

27. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=95amB7kUu-kx:

28. The Barbat/barbud was a lute of Central Asian or Greater Iranian or
Persian origin. The barbat was an important instrument of the Ghassanids
in pre-Islamic times and of the Syrians in early Islamic times. It was
characterized as carved from a single piece of wood, including the neck
and a wooden sound board. It would be ancestral to the wood-topped
oud, pipa and biwa and the skin-topped Yemeni qanbus.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbat_(lute)

29. The oud is a short-neck lute-type, pear-shaped stringed instrument (a
chordophone with 11 or 13 strings grouped in 5 or 6 courses, commonly
used in Egyptian, Syrian, Sudanese, Palestinian, Lebanese, Iraqi, Arabian,
Jewish, Persian, Greek, Armenian, Turkish, Azerbaijani, North African
(Chaabi, Classical, and Spanish Andalusian), Somali, and various other
forms of Middle Eastern and North African music. The modern oud is
most likely derived from the Persian barbat.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oud

30. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0Zn3_mriXM x:

31. Tar (Persian: ‫‬تار‬;Azerbaijani: tar) is an Iranian long-necked, waisted
instrument, shared by many cultures and countries including Iran,
Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, and others near the Caucasus
region. The word tār means "string" in Persian, and is also related
to the names of the sitar, setar ( ‫تار‬‫سه‬," three strings") and dutar
( ‫دوتار‬," two strings"). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tar_(string_instrument)

32. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SDi3TjlRmkU x:

33. The dutar (also dotar or doutar; is a traditional long-necked
two-stringed lute found in Iran and Central Asia. Its name
comes from the Persian word for "two strings", ‫,دوتار‬ although
the Herati dutar of Afghanistan has fourteen strings.
Credit: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutar

34. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u1ggYRxKcGw x:
Show now!

35. The Setar (Persian: ‫تار‬‫‬سه‬,from seh, meaning "three" and tār,
meaning "string") is an Iranian musical instrument. It is a member
of the lute family, which is played with the index finger of the right
hand. Two and a half centuries ago, a fourth string was added to
the Setar which most of the time has the same tone of the bass
string. It has 25–27 moveable frets which are usually made of
animal intestines or silk.
Credit: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setar

36. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YxRPjQX_XQE x:

37. Tanbur, Tanbūr, Tanbura, Tambur, Tambura or Tanboor can refer to
various long-necked, string instruments originating in Mesopotamia,
Southern or Central Asia. According to the New Grove Dictionary of Music
and Musicians, "terminology presents a complicated situation. The term
tanbur (or tambur) is applied to a variety of distinct and related long-necked
string instruments used in art and folk traditions in Iran, India, Iraqi
Kurdistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Turkey, Tajikestan, Kazakhstan,
Uzbekistan.‬‬Similar‬or‬identical‬instruments‬are‬also‬known‬by‬other‬terms.“
Credit: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanbur; https://tictail.com/musicalinstruments/persian-
professional-shourangiz-shurangiz-shoorangiz-tanbour-tanboor-tanbur-3680530

38. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f8-7WKu9UwI x:

39. The kamancheh (also kamānche or kamāncha) is an Iranian
bowed string instrument, used also in Lorish, Armenian, Azerbaijani,
Turkish and Kurdish music and related to the rebab, the historical
ancestor of the kamancheh and also to the bowed Byzantine lyra,
ancestor of the European violin family. The strings are played with a
variable-tension bow. It is widely used in the classical music of Iran,
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Kurdistan
Regions with slight variations in the structure of the instrument.
Credit: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamancheh

40. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-DRQrxhdi5Y x:
Show now!

41. A wind instrument is a musical instrument that contains some type of
resonator (usually a tube), in which a column of air is set into vibration by
the player blowing into (or over) a mouthpiece set at or near the end of the
resonator. The pitch of the vibration is determined by the length of the tube
and by manual modifications of the effective length of the vibrating column
of air. In the case of some wind instruments, sound is produced by blowing
through a reed; others require buzzing into a metal mouthpiece.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodwind_instrument

42. The sornā or Sarnā (Persian sornā, sornāy, Surna and
Zurna is an ancient Iranian woodwind instrument.
Credit: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorna

43. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5i6bNtiUJTg

44. The ney is an end-blown flute that figures prominently in
Middle Eastern music. In some of these musical traditions, it
is the only wind instrument used. The ney has been played
continuously for 4,500–5,000 years, making it one of the
oldest musical instruments still in use.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ney

45. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5i6bNtiUJTg

46. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wek14WBW8DQ&t=53s
x: Show now!

47. Ney-anbān is a type of bagpipe which is popular in southern Iran,
especially around Bushehr. The term ney-anban literally means "bag
pipe", but more specifically can refer to a type of droneless double-
chantered bagpipes played in Southern Iran. This is similar to the
Bahrainian jirba played by ethnic Iranians in the Persian Gulf islands.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ney-anban

48. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LZcVBg-15nk
x: Show now!

49. A percussion instrument is a musical instrument that is sounded by
being struck or scraped by a beater (including attached or enclosed
beaters or rattles); struck, scraped or rubbed by hand; or struck against
another similar instrument. The percussion family is believed to include
the oldest musical instruments, following the human voice.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percussion_instrument

50. The tompak (tonpak) also tombak, donbak, dombak or zarb is a goblet
drum from Persia (ancient Iran). It is considered the principal percussion
instrument of Persian music.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonbak

51. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sft6bmZuefU
x: Show now!

52. A Kus is a large-sized ancient Persian kettledrum, similar to the
timpani. Kus is a Middle-Persian military term meaning, "march".
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kus

53. Timpani or kettledrums (also informally called timps) are musical
instruments in the percussion family. A type of drum, they consist of
a membrane called a head stretched over a large bowl traditionally
made of copper.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timpani

54. x: Show now!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=40k3AAbA7tM

55. The daf/duf (dayere) is a large Middle Eastern frame drum used in
popular and classical music. The frame is usually made of hardwood with
many metal ringlets attached, and the membrane is usually fish skin but
other skin types such as cow, goat, and horse are used. The Daf is mostly
used in the Middle East, Greater Iran, Indian subcontinent, and Central
Asia, and usually accompanies singers and players of the tanbur, violin,
oud, saz and other Middle Eastern instruments.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daf

56. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sW0WNb7n7a8x:
Show now!

57. Naqareh: The naqqāra, nagara or nagada is a Middle Eastern
drum with a rounded back and a hide head, usually played in
pairs. It is thus a membranophone of the kettle drum variety.
The term naqqāra comes from the Arabic verb naqr- that
means "to strike, beat". The instrument was also adopted in
Europe following the Crusades, and known as the naccaire
or naker.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naqareh

58. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6C-ChukUubk
x: Show now!

59. A Dohol is a large cylindrical drum with two skin heads. It is
generally struck on one side with a wooden stick bowed at the
end, and with a large thin stick on the other side, though it is also
played with the bare hands. It is the principal accompaniment for
the Sorna. A similar instrument, the Dhol, is used in traditional
Egyptian, Pakistani and Indian music.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dohol
http://www.musicshopir.com/-dohol-by-master-tayebi

60. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QL1YcWmRC-M x:

61. References:
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_traditional_music
2. http://www.iran-daily.com/News/57469.html
3. https://www.reddit.com/r/MapPorn/comments/190lqp/map_of_the_first_
persian_empire_achaemenid_empire/4
4. https://www.myartprints.co.uk/a/kamal-al-molk/
persianmusicians1910oilon.html
5. https://reverb.com/au/item/2752348-mohammadi-barbat-persian-oud-
lute-11-strings-super-rare-mint-condition
6. http://www.musicshopir.com/harp
7. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oiKUnxqFiHU
8. https://tictail.com/musicalinstruments/persian-professional-shourangiz-
shurangiz-shoorangiz-tanbour-tanboor-tanbur-3680530
9. http://www.armenianwomen.net/iranian-women/
10. http://www.youtube.com

62. Elnaz Shakerdoust
Elnaz has all the characteristics of
Persian women; she is fair, beautiful
and intelligent. She is very simple,
but her beauty is so much appealing.
Credit:
http://www.armenianwomen.net/iranian-
women/
Thank for Watching