A urinalysis involves checking the physical characteristics of urine, performing a chemical analysis using a dipstick, and examining the urine sediment under a microscope. The dipstick tests for various substances like protein, glucose, ketones, blood, and nitrites that may indicate underlying health issues. Examining the urine sediment provides additional information by revealing cells, casts, crystals, bacteria, and lipids that can help diagnose urinary tract infections or kidney problems. Interpreting the results of a urinalysis requires considering factors like an animal's medical history and current medications.