Perception is the process by which individuals detect and interpret information from the external world through the senses. Speech perception specifically refers to how acoustic properties like frequency and intensity are registered and interpreted as speech. Perception follows the same steps as sound production but in reverse. The brain selects auditory information impressively by analyzing speech signals to identify language units. Perception of speech sounds can differ in pitch, loudness, quality, and length. Pitch refers to the high-low sensation and corresponds to frequency, while loudness corresponds to intensity but the relationship is not direct. Quality refers to the timbre or tone of a sound.

1. Powe point presented by Aseel kazum
Mahmood
13th.Dec.2013
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3.  What is perception and where is it often
realized?
 How perception differ in frequencies
and among species?
 What is human contribution to
perception?
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4.  Trask (1996:260)defines perception as the
process by which an individual detects and
interprets information from the external world
by means of the organs of sense, the nervous
system and the brain, in speech.

 the term is particularly applied to the way in
which acoustic characteristics like frequency
and intensity are registered and interpreted in
terms of speech perception. which is the
process by which a hearer extracts identifiable
linguistic elements from the continuous
acoustic signal of speech
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5.  The mechanism of speech perception,
according to Gimson (1998:8), follows
the same steps of sound production but
in revered way
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6. saying that, we ‘’heard
‘’ a sound can mean
several different
Psychologic
al reactions
Minimu
m
stimulati
on
Difference in
magnitude
Auditory attention
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7.  How does the brain select auditory
information so impressively?
 how is the brain able to analyze this
signal so that the language units can be
identified?
 Can we understand the mechanism of
speech in a clear way?
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8. Perception in the brain
hearing
transfor
ming
produci
ng
underst
anding
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9.  The reason why phonetician’s interest in perception as
already been stated: because the phenomena of speech
can be understood only if its production and perception
are views as interrelated and interacting elements of
single process(Tiffany. R and Carrel. J 1987:8).
 Many speech scientist like Ladefoged (1967) and
warren(1969) have tested the listener ability to identify the
unites of speech by listening to tapes, in fact,
understanding spoken language is not hard to account
for .
 Our perceptual sets are usually set to listen to meaning,
and it proves that meaning can be apprehended without
necessarily utilizing every potentially available acoustic
cue. However phonetician is adopt or is required to adopt
a special listening set in order to note its salient features.
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10. the speech decoder works by referring the incoming
speech signal to command that would be appropriate to
its production
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12.  implication analysis-b-synthesis may
have for the problem of perceiving
phonetic characteristics of speech
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13.  we are not conscious of the complexities
of pattern which reach our ears.
 judgments made by a listener in respect of
a sound continuum emitted by a speaker
and, if the sound stimulus from the speaker
and response form the listener are made
in term of the same linguistic system
 , it should be possible to link through the
transmission phase the listen’s impression
of changes of quality, pitch, loudness and
length to some articulatory activity in the
part of the speaker
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14.  Speech sounds can differ from
one another in four ways:
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15.  Pitch: the attribute of auditory sensation in
term of which a sound may ordered on a
scale from ‘low to ‘high’. It is an a auditory
phonetic feature, corresponding to some
degree with the acoustic
feature(Ladafodge,2006:23)
 the study of speech is based upon the
number of complete cycles of vibration of
the vocal folds.
 According to peter Roach, it is ‘’an auditory
sensation ‘’
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16.  Pitch: the attribute of auditory sensation in term of
which a sound may ordered on a scale from ‘low to
‘high’. It is an a auditory phonetic feature,
corresponding to some degree with the acoustic
feature(Ladafodge,2006:23)
 the study of speech is based upon the number of
complete cycles of vibration of the vocal folds.
 According to peter Roach, it is ‘’an auditory
sensation ‘’
 our perception of pitch is affected by the duration
and intensity of the sound stimulus.
 whereas frequency is an objective, physical fact,
pitch is a subjective psychological sensation
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17.  Loudness according to Trask is the
perceptual correlate of the acoustic
intensity of a sound(1996:211).
 The attribute of auditory sensation in
terms of which sound may be ordered
on a scale from soft to loud.
 It is an auditory phonetic feature,
corresponding to some degree with the
acoustic features of intensity or
power(measured in decibels (DB))
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18.  no direct or parallel correlation between
loudness (or volume) and intensity the study of
speech is based upon the number of complete
cycles of vibration of the vocal folds.
 ’the impression received by the human energy
present in sounds
 The loudness of a sound may depend on
several factors
 all other things being equal, some sounds
appear by their nature to be louder than
others: e.g. vowels may be more powerful than
consonants
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20. Thank you
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